Recently added articles from Alcohol Research & Health:
NIH Roadmap for Medical Research.(National Institutes of Health)
Jan 01, 2008; ... The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Roadmap for Medical Research is a collection of far-reaching initiatives designed to transform the Nation's medical research capabilities and improve the translation of research into practice. As described below, the Roadmap consists of three major ...
Systems genetics of alcoholism.
Jan 01, 2008; ... Alcoholism is a common disease resulting from the complex interaction of genetic, social, and environmental factors. Interest in the high heritability of alcoholism has resulted in many studies of how single genes, as well as an individual's entire genetic content (i.e, genome) and the ...
Metabolomics in alcohol research and drug development.
Jan 01, 2008; ... Developers of new medications need to describe and predict the functional attributes of test compounds administered to cells, animals, and humans. Today, researchers increasingly appreciate the role that intermediary products (i.e, metabolites) generated in the course of various metabolic ...
Proteomic approaches for studying alcoholism and alcohol-induced organ damage.
Jan 01, 2008; ... Proteomics research is concerned with the analysis of all proteins found in an organism, tissue, cell type, or cellular structure. The shotgun proteomic approach, which involves two-dimensional gel electrophoresis or liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (MS), is used to ...
Mathematical modeling of complex biological systems: from parts lists to understanding systems behavior.
Jan 01, 2008; ... To understand complex biological systems such as cells, tissues, or even the human body, it is not sufficient to identify and characterize the individual molecules in the system. It also is necessary to obtain a thorough understanding of the interaction between molecules and pathways. This ...
Commentary: systems biology and its relevance to alcohol research.
Jan 01, 2008; ... Systems biology, a new scientific discipline, aims to study the behavior of a biological organization or process in order to understand the function of a dynamic system. This commentary will put into perspective topics discussed in this issue of Alcohol Research & Health, provide insight ...
Systems biology in the study of neurological disorders: focus on alzheimer's disease.(PUTTING SYSTEMS BIOLOGY APPROACHES INTO PRACTICE)
Jan 01, 2008; ... Systems biology approaches may be useful for studying the mechanisms underlying alcohol's harmful effects on the brain. Such approaches already are used in the study of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that, with the overall increase in life expectancy, ...
Alcoholic lung disease.(PUTTING SYSTEMS BIOLOGY APPROACHES INTO PRACTICE)(Clinical report)
Jan 01, 2008; ... In addition to its well-known association with lung infection (i.e., pneumonia), alcohol abuse now is recognized as an independent factor that increases by three- to four-fold the incidence of the acute respiratory distress syndrome, a severe form of acute lung injury with a mortality rate ...
A systems-based computational model of alcohol's toxic effects on brain development.(PUTTING SYSTEMS BIOLOGY APPROACHES INTO PRACTICES)
Jan 01, 2008; ... Important stages during neurodevelopment include the generation of new nerve cells (i.e., neurogenesis), differentiation and migration of these cells to their final location in the brain, formation of connections with neighboring cells (i.e., synaptogenesis), and cell death of neurons that ...
The genetics of alcohol metabolism: role of alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase variants.
Jan 01, 2007; ... The primary enzymes involved in alcohol metabolism are alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). Both enzymes occur in several forms that are encoded by different genes; moreover, there are variants (i.e., alleles) of some of these genes that encode enzymes with ...
Variations in ADH and ALDH in Southwest California Indians.(FOCUS ON SPECIAL POPULATIONS)
Jan 01, 2007; ... Native Americans as a group have the highest rates of alcohol-related deaths of all ethnicities in the United States; however, it remains unclear how and why a greater proportion of individuals in some Native American communities develop alcohol-related problems and alcohol use disorders ...
Health-related effects of genetic variations of alcohol-metabolizing enzymes in African Americans.(FOCUS ON SPECIAL POPULATIONS)
Jan 01, 2007; ... Alcohol metabolism involves two key enzymes--alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). There are several types of ADH and ALDH, each of which may exist in several variants (i.e., isoforms) that differ in their ability to break down alcohol and its toxic metabolite ...
ALDH2, ADH1B, and ADH1C genotypes in Asians: a literature review.(FOCUS ON SPECIAL POPULATIONS)
Jan 01, 2007; ... Variants of three genes encoding alcohol-metabolizing enzymes, the aldehyde dehydrogenase gene ALDH2 and the alcohol dehydrogenase genes ADH1B and ADH1C, have been associated with reduced rates of alcohol dependence. The genotype prevalence of these genes varies in general samples of ...
Variations in alcohol-metabolizing enzymes in people of East Indian and African descent from Trinidad and Tobago.(FOCUS ON SPECIAL POPULATIONS)
Jan 01, 2007; ... The population of Trinidad and Tobago is composed mainly of people of East Indian (Indo-Trinidadians) and African (Afro-Trinidadians) ancestry. Differences in alcoholism rates exist between these two ethnic groups, and researchers have investigated whether these differences can be ...
Glossary.
Jan 01, 2007 ... Acetaldehyde: A toxic byproduct of alcohol metabolism. Acetate: A compound produced from the metabolism of acetaldehyde. Adduct: Product of the addition of one compound (e.g., acetaldehyde) to another compound (e.g., DNA). Adenoma: A usually benign tumor of ...
Alcohol metabolism and cancer risk.
Jan 01, 2007; ... Chronic alcohol consumption increases the risk for cancer of the organs and tissues of the respiratory tract and the upper digestive tract (i.e., upper aerodigestive tract), liver, colon, rectum, and breast. Various factors may contribute to the development (i.e., pathogenesis) of ...
Role of alcohol metabolism in chronic pancreatitis.
Jan 01, 2007; ... Alcohol abuse is the major cause of chronic inflammation of the pancreas (i.e., chronic pancreatitis). Although it has long been thought that alcoholic pancreatitis is a chronic disease from the outset, evidence is accumulating to indicate that chronic damage in the pancreas may result ...
Effects of pregnancy and nutritional status on alcohol metabolism.
Jan 01, 2007; ... Metabolism of alcohol (i.e., ethanol) is regulated by genetic and environmental factors as well as physiologic state. For a given alcohol intake, the rate of alcohol clearance, which ultimately determines tissue ethanol concentrations, may be the most significant risk factor for many of ...
Overview: how is alcohol metabolized by the body?
Dec 22, 2006; ... Alcohol is eliminated from the body by various metabolic mechanisms. The primary enzymes involved are aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), cytochrome P450 (CYP2E1), and catalase. Variations in the genes for these enzymes have been found to influence alcohol ...
Glossary.
Dec 22, 2006 ... Acetaldehyde: A toxic byproduct of alcohol metabolism. Acetate: A salt or ester of acetic acid; produced from the metabolism of acetaldehyde. Adduct: Product of the addition of one compound (e.g., acetaldehyde) to another compound (e.g., DNA). Adenosine ...