Recently added articles from Alcohol Research & Health:

The genetics of alcohol metabolism: role of alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase variants.

Jan 01, 2007; Edenberg, Howard J. ... The primary enzymes involved in alcohol metabolism are alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). Both enzymes occur in several forms that are encoded by different genes; moreover, there are variants (i.e., alleles) of some of these genes that encode enzymes with ...

Variations in ADH and ALDH in Southwest California Indians.(FOCUS ON SPECIAL POPULATIONS)

Jan 01, 2007; Ehlers, Cindy L. ... Native Americans as a group have the highest rates of alcohol-related deaths of all ethnicities in the United States; however, it remains unclear how and why a greater proportion of individuals in some Native American communities develop alcohol-related problems and alcohol use disorders ...

Health-related effects of genetic variations of alcohol-metabolizing enzymes in African Americans.(FOCUS ON SPECIAL POPULATIONS)

Jan 01, 2007; Scott, Denise M. ... Alcohol metabolism involves two key enzymes--alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). There are several types of ADH and ALDH, each of which may exist in several variants (i.e., isoforms) that differ in their ability to break down alcohol and its toxic metabolite ...

ALDH2, ADH1B, and ADH1C genotypes in Asians: a literature review.(FOCUS ON SPECIAL POPULATIONS)

Jan 01, 2007; Eng, Mimy Y. ... Variants of three genes encoding alcohol-metabolizing enzymes, the aldehyde dehydrogenase gene ALDH2 and the alcohol dehydrogenase genes ADH1B and ADH1C, have been associated with reduced rates of alcohol dependence. The genotype prevalence of these genes varies in general samples of ...

Variations in alcohol-metabolizing enzymes in people of East Indian and African descent from Trinidad and Tobago.(FOCUS ON SPECIAL POPULATIONS)

Jan 01, 2007; Moore, Shelley ... The population of Trinidad and Tobago is composed mainly of people of East Indian (Indo-Trinidadians) and African (Afro-Trinidadians) ancestry. Differences in alcoholism rates exist between these two ethnic groups, and researchers have investigated whether these differences can be ...

Glossary.

Jan 01, 2007 ... Acetaldehyde: A toxic byproduct of alcohol metabolism. Acetate: A compound produced from the metabolism of acetaldehyde. Adduct: Product of the addition of one compound (e.g., acetaldehyde) to another compound (e.g., DNA). Adenoma: A usually benign tumor of ...

Alcohol metabolism and cancer risk.

Jan 01, 2007; Seitz, Helmut K. ... Chronic alcohol consumption increases the risk for cancer of the organs and tissues of the respiratory tract and the upper digestive tract (i.e., upper aerodigestive tract), liver, colon, rectum, and breast. Various factors may contribute to the development (i.e., pathogenesis) of ...

Role of alcohol metabolism in chronic pancreatitis.

Jan 01, 2007; Vonlaufen, Alain ... Alcohol abuse is the major cause of chronic inflammation of the pancreas (i.e., chronic pancreatitis). Although it has long been thought that alcoholic pancreatitis is a chronic disease from the outset, evidence is accumulating to indicate that chronic damage in the pancreas may result ...

Effects of pregnancy and nutritional status on alcohol metabolism.

Jan 01, 2007; Shankar, Kartik ... Metabolism of alcohol (i.e., ethanol) is regulated by genetic and environmental factors as well as physiologic state. For a given alcohol intake, the rate of alcohol clearance, which ultimately determines tissue ethanol concentrations, may be the most significant risk factor for many of ...