Anaesthesia and Intensive Care back issues from June 2005:
Editorial
Jun 01, 2005; ... A full session of historical papers was held in Canberra, A.C.T. in September 2001. This first presentation at the National Scientific Congress was organized by the committee of the History of Anaesthesia Library, Museum and Archives. Guest speakers were Professor John Inkster (U.K.), Professor ...
Vivian Richard Ebsary, A.M. Biomedical Engineer, Inventor, Philanthropist
Jun 01, 2005; ... SUMMARY Vivian Ebsary was an inventor, designer and manufacturer of varied pieces of medical equipment, particularly those involving pumps. These included hypothermia machines and the heart-lung cardiopulmonary bypass machines used in Australian and New Zealand hospitals from the mid ...
The Marrett Apparatus: Is Hospital Anaesthetic Equipment Compatible with Field Use?
Jun 01, 2005; ... SUMMARY Major Rex Marrett in 1945 was commissioned to design an anaesthetic apparatus for field use to replace the Field Pattern Boyle's apparatus in use during the second World War. His design was both elegant and avant garde and was capable of being used with all agents and circuitry ...
Gilbert Brown: A Prominent Australian Anaesthetist
Jun 01, 2005; ... Key Words: ANAESTHESIA HISTORY: Gilbert Brown: Past President, Australian Society of Anaesthetists SUMMARY In 1930 Gilbert Brown was prominent in the South Australian Branch of the British Medical Association and instrumental in the establishment of a Section of Anaesthetics. He ...
Spinal Anaesthesia-Early Australian Experience
Jun 01, 2005; ... Key Words: ANAESTHESIA HISTORY: spinal, cocaine, history, Australia SUMMARY Australia in 1902 was a fledgling colony in its second year of Federation with a population of around 3.7 million. European settlement had been largely confined to the coastal margins of this enormous ...
Cover Note
Jun 01, 2005; ... Illustrated on the front cover is a Clements' ether vaporizer, this model being one of series in regular use until the 1960s at the Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children, Camperdown. Imagine the discussion concerning this conservator's delight, prompting questions regarding presentation ...
Hubert Ingham Clements: a Pioneer of Australian Anaesthesia
Jun 01, 2005; ... SUMMARY Hubert Ingham Clements was an inventor, designer and engineer who manufactured many pieces of apparatus for use in the scientific and medical practice, particularly in the field of anaesthesia from 1917 when he designed and manufactured suction pumps and anaesthetic ...
The C.O.N. Apparatus
Jun 01, 2005; ... SUMMARY The C.O.N. apparatus developed in the late 1950s utilised a non-explosive mixture of cyclopropane, nitrogen and oxygen. Its development is described. The C.O.N. apparatus was an interesting oddity for field anaesthesia from the late fifties which utilized the benefits of ...
Norman R. James F.F.A.R.A.C.S., a Pioneer of High Quality Anaesthesia in Australia
Jun 01, 2005; ... Key Words: ANAESTHESIA, HISTORY: Norman James, Royal Melbourne Hospital, London Emergency Medical Service, World War II, RMH Resuscitator, Autohand Ventilator SUMMARY Dr Norman R. James was a multi-talented, highly accomplished clinician, teacher and innovator broadly recognized ...
Anaesthesia in Hong Kong and the Faculty of Anaesthetists: 25 Years of Co-operation
Jun 01, 2005; ... Key Words: ANAESTHESIA HISTORY: Hong Kong, Faculty of Anaesthetists SUMMARY The development of anaesthetic services in Hong Kong started about five years after the Faculty of Anaesthetists, RACS, was founded. A nucleus of trained anaesthetists there sought assistance from the ...
Muscle Relaxants-Intocostrin
Jun 01, 2005; ... Once curare was discovered it was evident to many physicians that it could have therapeutic implications, but the supply of the drug was scarce and the quality very unpredictable. Proper scientific evaluation was therefore very difficult for over a century. This situation changed in the ...
Outcome-based Clinical Indicators for Intensive Care Medicine
Jun 01, 2005; ... SUMMARY The clinical indicator is a tool used to monitor the quality of health care. Its use in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) is desirable for many reasons: the maintenance of minimum standards, the development of best practice and the delivery of cost-effective health care. The utility ...
Iatrogenic Harm and Anaesthesia in Australia
Jun 01, 2005; ... At the time of publication of this editorial, it will have been almost exactly 10 years since Carmen Lawrence, then Federal Minister for Health, prematurely released the results of the Quality in Australian Health Care Study (QAHCS) in Federal Parliament on 1 June 1995(1). This study has ...
Anaesthesia for Neurosurgery in the Sitting Position: A Practical Approach
Jun 01, 2005; ... SUMMARY Neurosurgery in the sitting position offers advantages for certain operations. However, the approach is associated with potential complications, in particular venous air embolism. As the venous pressure at wound level is usually negative, air can be entrained. This air may follow ...
Large Multicentre Trials in Anaesthesia: the ANZCA Clinical Trials Group
Jun 01, 2005; ... In the search for the best available evidence, large randomized clinical trials have much to offer1-7. First, large trials (often with more than 1000 patients) can study major endpoints such as death and permanent disability. second, large trials can be powered to detect, with precise 95% ...
Anaesthetic Adverse Incident Reports: An Australian Study of 1,231 Outcomes
Jun 01, 2005; ... SUMMARY While there have been previous studies looking at patterns of litigation against anaesthetists overseas, there is little reported on the trends in Australia. This study was performed to ascertain current reporting rates of anaesthetic incidents, and from what areas these reports ...
Comparative Study Between Propofol in a Long-chain Triglyceride and Propofol in a Medium/Long-chain Triglyceride During Sedation with Target-controlled Infusion
Jun 01, 2005; ... SUMMARY This study was performed to compare the pharmacological characteristics of propofol in an emulsion of both medium- and long-chain triglycerides (MCT/LCT) with those of propofol in an LCT emulsion, by measuring the sedative level and the plasma concentration of propofol during ...
Neurosurgery in the Sitting Position: A Case Series
Jun 01, 2005; ... SUMMARY Prospective data was collected on 58 patients having neurosurgery in the sitting position in one institution. The incidence of venous air embolism was 43% (25/58), of which the majority were small or moderate in size. There were no episodes of paradoxical air embolism. The ...
Assessment of Internal Diameter and Cross-sectional Area of Right Internal Jugular Vein Pre-induction and Post-intubation
Jun 01, 2005; ... SUMMARY This prospective observational study compared the internal diameter and cross-sectional area of the right internal jugular vein pre-induction and post-initiation of positive pressure ventilation. Twenty patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery were studied. Measurements ...
Control of Imported and Acquired Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Mechanically Ventilated Patients: a Dose-response Study of Enteral Vancomycin to Reduce Absolute Carriage and Infection
Jun 01, 2005; ... SUMMARY This study aimed to quantify the animate source provided by the patients using the concept of "absolute carriage" by multiplying the carrier rate by the level of carnage; and to compare the impact of a low and high dose of an oropharyngeal vancomycin gel on the absolute MRSA ...
Acute Pain Management Pharmacology for the Patient with Concurrent Renal or Hepatic Disease
Jun 01, 2005; ... SUMMARY The clinical utility of most analgesic drugs is altered in the presence of patients with impaired renal or hepatic function not simply because of altered clearance of the parent drug, but also through production and accumulation of toxic or therapeutically active metabolites ....
Severe Transfusion-related Acute Lung Injury in the Intensive Care Unit Secondary to Transfusion of Fresh Frozen Plasma
Jun 01, 2005; ... SUMMARY Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is a life-threatening complication of transfusion of blood products. A case of severe TRALI secondary to infusion of fresh frozen plasma in the intensive care unit is discussed. Additionally, the aetiology and pathogenesis of this ...
Heparin-induced Thrombocytopenia and the Use of r-Hirudin During Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Jun 01, 2005; ... SUMMARY We report the successful use of r-hirudin (lepirudin) for cardiopulmonary bypass in a 67-year-old man who developed heparin-induced thrombocytopenia type II during heparin treatment of an extensive deep venous thrombosis. Lepirudin was monitored by the modified ecarin clotting ...
Can Bioimpedance Determine the Volume of Distribution of Antibiotics in Sepsis?
Jun 01, 2005; ... SUMMARY The relationship between the volume of distribution, assessed according to the two-compartmental pharmacokinetic model, and extracellular water estimated by bioimpedance was studied in mechanically ventilated patients with sepsis and capillary leak. A prospective observational ...
Effect of Newer Anaesthetics on Duration of Stay in Postanaesthesia Care Unit in Patients Undergoing Major Abdominal Surgery
Jun 01, 2005; ... SUMMARY Newer anaesthetic agents, such as remifentanil and sevoflurane, are more expensive than conventional anaesthetics, such as isoflurane and fentanyl. However, newer anaesthetics might outweigh their higher acquisition costs by reducing length of stay in the postanaesthesia care ...
Total knee replacement in a patient taking clopidogrel
Jun 01, 2005; ... Clopidogrel and ticlopidine, both thienopyridine derivatives, inhibit platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP)1. The manufacturer of clopidogrel (Plavix®, Sanofi-Synthelabo, Bristol-Myers Squibb) recommends that clopidogrel should be discontinued seven days before major ...
An evaluation of the relative efficacy of an open airway, an oxygen reservoir and continous positive airway pressure 5 cmH^sub 2^O on the non-ventilated lung/An evaluation of the relative efficacy of an open airway, an oxygen reservoir and continous positive airway pressure 5 cmH^sub 2^O on the non-ventilated lung-reply
Jun 01, 2005; ... The P^sub a^O^sub 2^ values achieved by connecting either 5 cmH^sub 2^O continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) of oxygen or an oxygen reservoir at ambient pressure to the airway of the non-ventilated lung during one-lung ventilation, have been compared with those achieved simply by leaving ...
Intra- and Extra-pericardial Lengths of the Superior Vena Cava in Vivo: Implication for the Positioning of Central Venous Catheters
Jun 01, 2005; ... SUMMARY To reduce the possibility of cardiac tamponade, a rare but lethal complication of central venous catheters, the tip of the central venous catheter should be located above the cephalic limit of the pericardial reflection, not only above the superior vena cava-right atrium ...
Differential Anaesthetic Effects Following Microinjection of Thiopentone and Propofol into the Pons of Adult Rats: A Pilot Study
Jun 01, 2005; ... SUMMARY Identifying the central nervous system sites of action of anaesthetics is important for understanding the link between their molecular actions and clinical effects. The aim of the present pilot study was to compare the anaesthetic effect of bilateral microinjections of propofol ...
Acute head and neck oedema and central venous occlusion
Jun 01, 2005; ... Acute head and neck oedema is an anaesthetic emergency that can have a number of different aetiologies. This case illustrates that this life-threatening event can be precipitated by perioperative factors in the setting of chronic upper extremity deep venous thrombosis and occlusion. A ...
A "regurgitating" laryngeal mask airway for scenario training
Jun 01, 2005; ... Scenario-based training requires the use of numerous props to enhance the realism of simulated life-threatening events. Régurgitation and pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents in patients with a laryngeal mask airway (LMA) in situ is a well-described crisis. We describe a modified LMA that ...
Miller's Anesthesia-Sixth Edition
Jun 01, 2005; ... Miller's Anesthesia - Sixth Edition. R. D. Miller; Elsevier Australia, 30-52 Smidmore Street, Marrickville, N.S.W. 2204; $682.00; 290 × 230 mm; ISBN: 0-443-06656-6. Ron Miller's seminal anaesthesia text appeared in its first incarnation in 1981. This is the sixth edition and now appears ...
Pain Research and Clinical Management-Electrical Stimulation and the Relief of Pain-Volume 15
Jun 01, 2005; ... Pain Research and Clinical Management-Electrical Stimulation and the Relief of PainVolume 15. B. A. Simpson; Elsevier Australia, 30-52 Smidmore Street, Marrickville, N.S.W. 2204; $139.58; 260 × 190 mm; pp. 267; ISBN: 0-4445-1258-6. The purpose of this volume is to provide a comprehensive ...
Cardiac Herniation Following Pneumonectomy-An Old Complication Revisited
Jun 01, 2005; ... SUMMARY Cardiac herniation is a recognised complication of pneumonectomy when a pericardial defect has been made during resection. This complication is very rare and, with the increasing preference for more limited resections, is even less frequently encountered now than it was several ...
Severe Hypotension and Hepatic Dysfunction in a Patient Undergoing Scoliosis Surgery in the Prone Position
Jun 01, 2005; ... SUMMARY Many patients with neuromuscular disorders develop progressive scoliosis and require corrective surgery. We present a patient with hereditary motor and sensory neuropathies who developed severe hypotension during corrective surgery for thoracolumbar scoliosis. The haemodynamic ...
Adult Perioperative Anesthesia-The Requisites in Anesthesiology
Jun 01, 2005; ... Adult Perioperative Anesthesia-The Requisites in Anesthesiology. D. J. Cole, M. Schlunt; Elsevier Australia, 30-52 Smidmore Street, Marrickville, N.S.W. 2204; $146.30; 280×220 mm; pp. 542; ISBN: 0-3230-2044-5. This well written and easily read book is aimed at anaesthetic trainees ...
Laryngeal Mask Anesthesia-Principles and Practice-2nd Edition
Jun 01, 2005; ... Laryngeal Mask Anesthesia-Principles and Practice-2nd Edition. J. R. Brimacombe; Elsevier Australia, 30-52 Smidmore Street, Marrickville, N.S.W.; $246.40; 280×220 mm; pp. 699; ISBN: 0-7020-2700-6. This book represents 13,000 hours of work by internationally respected LMA researcher ...
Comparison of disposable and reusable laryngeal mask airways in spontaneously ventilating adult patients/Comparison of disposable and reusable laryngeal mask airways in spontaneously ventilating adult patients-reply
Jun 01, 2005; ... We were very interested to read the paper by Cao and co-workers'1 comparing the disposable Portex Laryngeal Mask (PLM) (Soft Seal(TM) LM, Portex, Smith's Medical Ltd., Hythe Kent, United Kingdom), with the re-usable LMA (RLM) (LMA-Classic(TM), Intavent Orthofix Ltd., Maidenhead, Berkshire, ...
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Jun 01, 2005; ... Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation. J. P. Ornato, M. A. Perberdy; Humana Press Inc., 999 Riverview Drive, Suite 208, Totowa, New Jersey 07512, U.S.A.; US$185.00; 260 × 175 mm; pp. 764; ISBN: 1-59259-814-5. In the fifty years since Elam and Safar promulgated the techniques of cardiopulmonary ...
Design of new anaesthesia machines/Design of new anaesthesia machines-reply
Jun 01, 2005; ... We were interested to read two recent letters regarding design issues with the Datex-Ohmeda S/51 and Dräger Cato and Fabius2 of anaesthesia machines. We have recently demonstrated in simulations using the Dräger Fabius GS that the opportunity exists to unintentionally ventilate with entrained ...
Misdiagnosed foreign body aspiration resulting in cardio-pulmonary arrest and multi-organ failure
Jun 01, 2005; ... Foreign body aspiration is most often associated with paediatrics, and therefore can be overlooked in adults. Ten per 100,000 elderly people die each year from an inhaled or ingested foreign object1. After falls, it is the second leading cause of unintentionalinjury deaths in adults aged 85 and ...
Board Stiff TEE: Transesophageal Echocardiography
Jun 01, 2005; ... Board Stiff TEE: Transesophageal Echocardiography. C. J. Gallagher; Elsevier Australia, 30-52 Smidmore Street, Marrickville, N.S.W. 2204; $119.90; 274 × 213 mm; pp. 195; ISBN: 0-7506-7515-2. The author states he wrote this softcover volume to give a complete introduction to ...
Pain Research and Clinical Management-Assessment and Management of Orofacial Pain-Volume 14
Jun 01, 2005; ... Pain Research and Clinical Management-Assessment and Management of Orofacial PainVolume 14. J. M. Zakrzewska, S. D. Harrison; Elsevier Australia, 30-52 Smidmore Street, Marrickville, N.S.W. 2204; $157.03; 260 × 190 mm; pp. 407; ISBN: 0-4445-0984-4. This is an impressive text that broadly ...
Pediatric Anesthesia-The Requisites in Anesthesiology
Jun 01, 2005; ... Pediatric Anesthesia-The Requisites in Anesthesiology. R. S. Litman; Elsevier Australia, 30-52 Smidmore Street, Marrickville, N.S.W. 2204; $129.80; 280×210 mm; pp. 361; ISBN: 0-3230-2216-2. Concise rather than brief, this useful book is one of seven titles under the series heading "The ...
Neurosurgical Pain Management
Jun 01, 2005; ... Neurosurgical Pain Management. K. A. Follett; Elsevier Australia, 30-52 Smidmore Street. Marrickville, N.S.W. 2204; $188.10; 280×220 mm; pp. 287; ISBN: 0-7216-9241-9. On first reading this recently published textbook, a most striking feature is the emphasis on the multi-disciplinary ...
Clinical Anaesthesia-2nd Edition
Jun 01, 2005; ... Clinical Anaesthesia-2nd Edition. C. Gwinnutt; Blackwell Publishing, 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, U.K.; $59.95; 245 × 170 mm; pp. 160; ISBN: 1-4051-1552-1. Carl Gwinnutt and his small band of contributors have aimed this book quite squarely at medical students and, in a mere ...