Access over 6,500 publications with a FREE trial!

Get unlimited access to articles from new and old issues of newspapers, trade journals, magazines, and more!

Take a free, 7-day trial

Antiquity articles from March 2008

3,733 total articles

A scholarly quarterly journal reporting on new research, methodology, and matters of professional interest in archaeology.

Find out when new articles from Antiquity arrive. Set up an RSS feed.

Link to this article

CloseClose

Create a link to this page

Copy and paste this link tag into your Web page or blog:

<a href="http://www.highbeam.com/Antiquity/publications.aspx?date=200803" title="Articles and back issues from Antiquity">Antiquity articles</a>

Antiquity back issues from March 2008:

Editorial.(Editorial)

Mar 01, 2008; ... * For most archaeologists, the material culture of the past belongs to us all, so must be kept in trust by a neutral authority for those not yet born. Antiquities are beyond price, and trading them is just bad. It fuels demand and damages sites. No-one reading Elizabeth Stone's satellite ...

Footprints in the sand: appraising the archaeology of the Willandra Lakes, western New South Wales, Australia.(Research)(Author abstract)(Report)

Mar 01, 2008; ... Introduction The discovery of human footprints dating to between 19 and 23ka in the Willandra Lakes World Heritage Area (Figure 1) points again to the pre-eminence of the Willandra Lakes for the preservation of a human record for Pleistocene Australia (Webb et al. 2006). The ...

Refitting megaliths in western France.(Research)(Author abstract)(Report)

Mar 01, 2008; ... Introduction The Armorican bedrock of western France has been used since the Neolithic to make megalithic structures. Each of the menhirs, orthostats and capstones extracted from granite outcrops has a specific shape, marked by a slightly curved weathered face and an opposite ...

Water supply and history: Harappa and the Beas regional survey.(Research)(Author abstract)(Report)

Mar 01, 2008; ... Introduction The Indus (or Harappan) culture is one of the world's great riverine civilisations. Its highest density of population settled along two major river systems, the Indus and the Ghaggar-Hakra. The Indus, one of the great rivers of Asia, originates in the Himalayas and ...

The Qatna lion: scientific confirmation of Baltic amber in late Bronze Age Syria.(Research)(Author abstract)(Report)

Mar 01, 2008; ... Introduction The cultural importance of amber is evident from the many thousands of artefacts, especially pieces of personal adornment in the form of beads and amulets, found at New and Old World archaeological sites from late Palaeolithic times onwards (Grimaldi 1996: 145-8) ....

From Sicily to Salcombe: a Mediterranean Bronze Age object from British coastal waters.(Research)(Author abstract)(Report)

Mar 01, 2008; ... Introduction When in 2004, divers of the South-West Maritime Archaeology Group (SWMAG) came up with Bronze Age artefacts from the seabed not far from the site of the seventeenth-century AD 'Cannon' site, the discovery sparked great interest (Parham et al. 2006). It was not a ...

Post-mortem mutilations of human bodies in Early Iron Age Kazakhstan and their possible meaning for rites of burial.(Research)(Author abstract)(Report)

Mar 01, 2008; ... Introduction The study of modifications to the surface of human bones has up to recently been rather neglected, as the anthropological material was either little known or little sought out. Several studies of ancient collections have, however, shown that such modifications were ...

Medieval elite burials in eastern Mecklenburg and Pomerania.(Research)(Author abstract)(Report)

Mar 01, 2008; ... Introduction Eastern Mecklenburg and Pomerania on the south side of the Baltic Sea (Figure 1) were settled by the Slavic tribes of the Pomeranians, Rugians (Rani) and Luticians during the early medieval period. During the late eleventh and twelfth centuries these territories ...

A context for the Luzira head.(Research)(Author abstract)(Report)

Mar 01, 2008; ... Introduction Previous examinations of pre-colonial African art have relied almost exclusively on art from West and Central Africa. This focus has much to do with the recognition given in the early part of the twentieth century to sculpture in terracotta and brass, and also to ...

A traitor's death? The identity of a drawn, hanged and quartered man from Hulton Abbey, Staffordshire.(Research)(Author abstract)(Report)

Mar 01, 2008; ... Introduction The disarticulated skeletal remains (HA16) of a mature adult male, around 5 feet 8 inches in height (178cm), were uncovered during the 1970s excavation of the Cistercian monastery of Hulton Abbey, Staffordshire (Figure 1a). The bones of this individual are ...

Patterns of looting in southern Iraq.(Method)(Author abstract)(Report)

Mar 01, 2008; ... Introduction Southern Iraq, sometimes called the 'cradle of civilisation', witnessed the world's first cities, writing, professional art and many other manifestations of complex society. Moreover, its unique combination of well preserved archaeological remains together with ...

Finding the early Neolithic in Aegean Thrace: the use of cores.(Method)(Author abstract)(Report)

Mar 01, 2008; ... Introduction The region of north-eastern Greece known as Aegean Thrace is one of the last missing pieces on Europe's early Neolithic map. By the end of the twentieth century, there were reports in the literature on several mound sites of middle Neolithic age in the region ...

The first direct evidence for the production of Maya Blue: rediscovery of a technology.(Method)(Author abstract)(Report)

Mar 01, 2008; ... Introduction An unusual blue pigment applied to pottery, sculpture and murals, Maya Blue is ' ... one of the great technological and artistic achievements of Mesoamerica' (Miller & Martin 2004: 252). Used predominantly during the Classic and Postclassic periods (AD 300-1519) ...

Exploring the lower Gulf, 1947-2007.(Debate)(Persian Gulf)(Author abstract)(Personal account)

Mar 01, 2008; ... Introduction One of the few advantages of longevity for an archaeologist is the chance to review changes that have taken place in the discipline and also in the course of one's own activities. I realise with some surprise that I have led two disparate archaeological lives. Few ...

Excavating the eternal: an indigenous archaeological tradition in India.(Debate)(Author abstract)(Report)

Mar 01, 2008; ... Introduction Histories of archaeology by Western scholars routinely say that archaeology began in India with the reports of European travellers of the sixteenth century. Trigger (1989: 181) says, 'Archaeological research in India began in a colonial setting .... European ...

Contact between the Norse Vikings and the Dorset culture in Arctic Canada.(Debate)(Author abstract)(Report)

Mar 01, 2008; ... Introduction One the most dramatic encounters in human history took place when the Norse Vikings came into contact with the native North Americans whom they called 'Skraelings', completing the longitudinal expansion humanity around the earth. Our knowledge of the Norse Vikings ...

Tutankhamun and the terracotta army.(Debate)(First Emperor)

Mar 01, 2008; ... London is boasting two 'blockbusters'. 'The [O.sub.2]' (formerly Millennium Dome), at Greenwich, presents Tutankhamun and the golden age of the pharaohs while The First Emperor: China's terracotta army occupies the British Museum's Reading Room. Both display funerary assemblages intended ...

Neanderthals behaving.(When Neanderthals and Modern Humans Met)(The Palaeolithic Occupation of Vogelherd Cave: Implications for the Subsistence Behavior of Late Neanderthals and Early Modern Humans)(Book review)

Mar 01, 2008; ... NICHOLAS J. CONARD (ed.). When Neanderthals and Modern Humans Met (Tubingen Publications in Prehistory). vi+502 pages, 133 illustrations, 34 tables. 2006. Tubingen: Kerns; 3-935751-03-6 hardback 49.95 [euro]. LAURA, NIVEN. The Palaeolithic Occupation of Vogelherd Cave: ...

Pots and time in Bronze Age Ireland.(The Dating of Food Vessels and Urns in Ireland)(Book review)

Mar 01, 2008; ... A.L. BRINDLEY. The Dating of Food Vessels & Urns in Ireland (Bronze Age Studies 7). vii+392 pages, 164 illustrations, 75 tables. 2007. Galway: Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland; 9535620-2-6 hardback 40 [euro] + 7pp [euro]. This magnificent volume ...

Climate change, culture history and the rebirth of circumpolar archaeology.(Taymyr: The Archaeology of Northernmost Eurasia)(The Stone Age of Qeqertarsuup Tunua: A Regional Analysis of the Saqqaq and Dorset Cultures of Central West Greenland)(Dynamics of Northern Societies: Proceedings of the SILA/NABO Conference on Arctic and North Atlantic Archaeology, Copenhagen, May 10th-14th, 2004)(Book review)

Mar 01, 2008; ... LEONID P. KHLOBYSTIN (translated by LEONID VISHNIATSKI & Bovas GRUDINKO, edited by WILLIAM W. FITZHUGH & VLADIMIR V. PITULKO). Taymyr: the Archaeology of Northernmost Eurasia (Contributions to Circumpolar Anthropology 5). Originally published in 1988 in Russian as Drevniaia istoriia ...

Prehistoric Cyprus: longer duree and transformation.(Etudes Chypriotes: Histoire des Campagnes d'Amathonte L L'occupation du sol au Neolithique)(Archaeological Perspectives on the Transmission and Transformation of Culture in the Eastern Mediterranean)(Marki Alonia: An Early and Middle Bronze Age Settlement in Cyprus)(Book review)

Mar 01, 2008; ... FRANCOIS BRIOIS, CATHERINE PETIT-AUPERT & PIERRE-YVES PECHOUX. Etudes Chypriotes: Histoire des Campagnes d'Amathonte L L'occupation du sol au Neolithique. 260 pages, 109 colour & b&w illustrations. 2005. Paris: De Boccard; 2-86958-194-7 paperback. JOANNE CLARKE (ed.) ....

Roman harbours under scrutiny.(Myos Hormos-Quseir al-Qadim, Roman and Islamic Ports on the Red Sea: Survey and Excavations 1999-2003)(Portus: An Archaeological Survey of the Port of Imperial Rome)(Book review)

Mar 01, 2008; ... DAVID PEACOCK & LUCY BLUE (ed.). Myos Hormos-Quseir al-Qadim, Roman and Islamic Ports on the Red Sea: Survey and Excavations 1999-2003. x+180 pages, 177 illustrations. 2006. Oxford: Oxbow; 1-84217203-4 hardback 40 [pounds sterling]. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] SIMON KEAY, ...

Archaeology in West Bengal.(An Annotated Archaeological Atlas of West Bengal, vol. 1: Prehistory and Protohistory; Past and Present: Ethnoarchaeology in India)(Book review)

Mar 01, 2008; ... B. D. CHATTOPADHYAYA, GAUTAM SENGUPTA & SAMBHU CHAKRABARTY (ed.). An Annotated Archaeological Atlas of West Bengal Volume 1: Prehistory and Protohistory. 120 pages, 185 b&w & colour illustrations. 2005. New Delhi: Manohar; 817304-585-2 hardback Rs2500. GAUTAM SENGUPTA, SUCHIRA ...

Archaeology, monasticism and Romanitas in northern Britain.(Wearmouth and Jarrow Monastic Sites, vol. 1)(Wearmouth and Jarrow Monastic Sites, vol. 2)(Excavations at Hoddom, Dumfriesshire: An Early Ecclesiastic Site in South-West Scotland)(Book review)

Mar 01, 2008; ... ROSEMARY CRAMP with numerous contributors. Wearmouth and Jarrow Monastic Sites Volume 1. xxxii+440 pages, 459 illustrations, 4 tables. 2005. Swindon: English Heritage; 978-1-873592-93-9 paperback. ROSEMARY CRAMP with numerous contributors. Wearmouth and Jarrow Monastic Sites ...

Bill Finlayson & Steven Mithen (ed.). The Early Prehistory of Wadi Faynan, Southern Jordan: Archaeological survey of Wadis Faynan, Ghuwayr and al-Bustan and evaluation of the Pre-Pottery Neolithic A site of WF16.(Book review)

Mar 01, 2008; ... BILL FINLAYSON & STEVEN MITHEN (ed.). The Early Prehistory of Wadi Faynan, Southern Jordan: Archaeological survey of Wadis Faynan, Ghuwayr and al-Bustan and evaluation of the Pre-Pottery Neolithic A site of WF16 (Wadi Faynan Series 1, Levant Supplementary Series 4). xxii+600 pages, 389 ...

Richard Bradley. The Prehistory of Britain and Ireland.(Book review)

Mar 01, 2008; ... RICHARD BRADLEY. The Prehistory of Britain and Ireland. xviii+322 pages, 106 illustrations. 2007. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 978-0-521-61270-8 paperback 16.99 [pounds sterling] & $28.99; 978-0-521-84811-4 hardback 40 [pounds sterling] & $70. I once saw a ten-minute ...

Lynne Bevan. Worshippers and Warriors: reconstructing gender relations in the prehistoric rock art of Naquane National Park, Valcamonica, Brescia, northern Italy.(Book review)

Mar 01, 2008; ... LYNNE BEVAN. Worshippers and Warriors: reconstructing gender relations in the prehistoric rock art of Naquane National Park, Valcamonica, Brescia, northern Italy (British Archaeological Reports International Series 1485). xv+ 192 pages, 187 illustrations, 10 tables. 2006. Oxford: ...

Pauline Asingh & Niels Lynnerup (ed.). Grauballe Man: An Iron Age Bog Body Revisited.(Book review)

Mar 01, 2008; ... PAULINE ASINGH & NIELS LYNNERUP (ed.). Grauballe Man: An Iron Age Bog Body Revisited (Jutland Archaeological Society Publications 49). 352 pages, 240 b& w & colour illustrations. 2007. Hojbjerg/Moesgard: Jutland Archaeological Society & Moesgard Museum; 978-87-88415-29-2 hardback DKkr.350 ....

Patrick Sims-Williams. Ancient Celtic Place-Names in Europe and Asia Minor.(Book review)

Mar 01, 2008; ... PATRICK SIMS-WILLIAMS. Ancient Celtic Place-Names in Europe and Asia Minor (Publications of the Philological Society 39). xiv+406 pages, 69 maps, numerous tables. 2006. Oxford & Malden (MA): Blackwell; 1-4051-4570-6 paperback 22.99 [pounds sterling] & $39.95. The purpose of this ...

Dominique Pieri. Le commerce du vin oriental a l'epoque Byzantine (Ve-VIIe siecles): le temoignage des amphores en Gaule.(Book review)

Mar 01, 2008; ... DOMINIQUE PIERI. Le commerce du vin oriental a l'epoque Byzantine (Ve-VIIe siecles): le temoignage des amphores en Gaule (Bibliotheque Archeologique et Historique 174). vi+350 pages, 199 illustrations, 9 tables. 2005. Beyrouth; Institut Francais du Proche-Orient; 2-912738-30-X paperback 40 ...

Berenice Bellina. Cultural Exchange between India and Southeast Asia: production and distribution of hard stone ornaments (VI c. BC-VI c. AD)/ Echanges culturels entre l'Inde et l'Asie du Sud-Est: production et distribution des parures en roches dures du VIe siecle avant notre ere au VIe siecle de notre ere.(Book review)

Mar 01, 2008; ... BERENICE BELLINA. Cultural Exchange between India and Southeast Asia: production and distribution of hard stone ornaments (VI c. BC-VI c. AD)/ Echanges culturels entre l'Inde et l'Asie du Sud-Est: production et distribution des parures en roches dures du VIe siecle avant notre ere au VIe ...

Jon M. Weeks & Jane A. Hill (ed.). The Carnegie Maya: the Carnegie Institution of Washington Maya Research Program, 1913-1957.(Book review)

Mar 01, 2008; ... JON M. WEEKS & JANE A. HILL (ed.). The Carnegie Maya: the Carnegie Institution of Washington Maya Research Program, 1913-1957. xx+804 pages, 23 figures, 44 tables, CD-ROM. 2006. Boulder (CO): University Press of Colorado; 978-0-87081-833-2 hardback with CD-ROM $275; 978-0-87081-8349 CD-ROM ...

Katalin Escher. Genese et evolution du deuxieme royaume burgonde (443-534). Les temoins archeologiques.(Book review)

Mar 01, 2008; ... KATALIN ESCHER. Genese et evolution du deuxieme royaume burgonde (443-534). Les temoins archeologiques (BAR International Series 1402 (I & II)). 1102 pages, 47 illustrations, tables, 2 CD-ROMs (2 volumes). 2005. Oxford: Archaeopress; 1-84171841-6 paperback 115 [pounds sterling]. ...

Frederic Adam. Alain-Fournier et ses compagnons d'arme: une archeologie de la Grande Guerre.(Book review)

Mar 01, 2008; ... FREDERIC ADAM. Alain-Fournier et ses compagnons d'arme: une archeologie de la Grande Guerre. 220 pages, 102 illustrations. 2006. Metz: Editions Serpenoise; 978-2-87692-694-6 paperback 20 [euro]. Henri-Alban Fournier, better known as Alain Fournier, a writer idolised in France ...

Jean-Pierre Legendre, Laurent Olivier & Bernadette Schnitzler. L'archeologie nazie en Europe de l'Ouest.(Book review)

Mar 01, 2008; ... JEAN-PIERRE LEGENDRE, LAURENT OLIVIER & BERNADETTE SCHNITZLER. L'archeologie nazie en Europe de l'Ouest. 496 pages, 216 b&w & colour illustrations. 2007. Paris: Infolio; 978-2-88474-8049 hardback 28 [euro]. This volume is the timely product of an international roundtable ...

Claire Smith & H. Martin Wobst (ed.). Indigenous Archaeologies: Decolonizing Theory and Practice.(Book review)

Mar 01, 2008; ... CLAIRE SMITH & H. MARTIN WOBST (ed.). Indigenous Archaeologies: Decolonizing Theory and Practice (One World Archaeology 47). xxiv+ 408 pages, 84 illustrations, 6 tables. 2005. Abingdon & New York: Routledge; 0-415-30965-4 hardback 85 [pounds sterling]. Indigenous commentary on ...

Alan J. Witten. Handbook of Geophysics and Archaeology.(Book review)

Mar 01, 2008; ... ALAN J. WITTEN. Handbook of Geophysics and Archaeology. xvi+329 pages, 327 illustrations. 2006. London: Equinox.; 978-1-904768-59-8 hardback 85 [pounds sterling] & $165; 978-1-904768-60-9 paperback 25 [pounds sterling] & $47.50. Witten's Handbook of Geophysics and Archaeology ...

Archaeologies R Us.(books)(Book review)

Mar 01, 2008; ... Among the many publications that vie for space on Antiquity's shelves and clamour for attention by reviewers, there appears to be a marked increase in books which grapple with one or other aspect of identity; more particularly with the creation of identities, national or individual, ...

Books received.

Mar 01, 2008; ... The list includes all books received between 1 September 2007 and 1 December 2007. Those featuring at the beginning of New Book Chronicle have, however, not been duplicated in this list. The listing of a book in this chronicle does not preclude its subsequent review in Antiquity. ...

European pre- and protohistory.(Bibliography)

Mar 01, 2008; ... J.H.M. PETERS. Hoge Vaart-A27 in context: towards a model of Mesolithic-Neolithic land use dynamics as a framework for archaeological heritage management. 342 pages, 182 illustrations, 36 tables. 2007. Amersfoort: Rijksdienst voor Archeologie, Cultuurlandschap en Monumenten; ...

The Black Sea.

Mar 01, 2008; ... GULDEN ERKUT & STEPHEN MITCHELL (ed.). The Black Sea: Past, Present and Future (Proceedings of the international, interdisciplinary conference Istanbul, 14-16 October 2004) (British Institute at Ankara ...

Mediterranean, Aegean, Classical and Hellenistic archaeology.(Bibliography)

Mar 01, 2008; ... SOPHIA ANTONIADOU & ANTHONY PACE (ed.). Mediterranean Crossroads. 784 pages, 89 illustrations. 2007. Athens: Pierides Foundation; 978-9963-9071-6-8 paperback RUTH WESTGATE, NICK FISHER & JAMES WHITLEY (ed.). Building Communities: House, Settlement and Society in the Aegean and ...

The Roman world.(Bibliography)

Mar 01, 2008; ... IOANA A. OLTEAN. Dacia: Landscape, Colonisation, Romanisation. xii+248 pages, 79 illustrations. 2007. Abingdon & New York: Routledge; 978-0-415-41252-0 hardback 60 [pounds sterling]; 978-0-203-94583-4 e-book. ROGER BATTY. Rome and the Nomads: the Pontic-Danubian realm in ...

Anatolia, Levant, Middle East.(Bibliography)

Mar 01, 2008; ... EDGAR PELTENBURG (ed.) Euphrates river valley settlement: the Carchemish sector in the third millennium BC (Levam Supplementary Series 5). x+286 pages, 142 illustrations. 2007. Oxford: Oxbow; 978-1-84217-272-8 hardback 55 [pounds sterling]. CATHERINE KUZUCUOGLU & CATHERINE MARRO ...

Egypt and Africa.(Bibliography)(Brief article)

Mar 01, 2008; ... KATHRYN A. BARD. An Introduction to the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt. xx+400 pages, 121 b&w Illustrations, 32 colour plates. 2008. Oxford, Malden (MA) & Carlton (Victoria): Blackwell; 978-1-4051-1149-2 hardback 60 [pounds sterling] & $84.95; 978-1-4051-1148-5 paperback 22.95 [pounds ...

Central and eastern Asia.(Bibliography)

Mar 01, 2008; ... CARLA M. SINOPOLI & KATHLEEN D. MORRISON. The Vayanagara Metropolitan Survey: Volume 1 (Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan Memoir 41). xvii+334 pages, 457 illustrations, 14 tables. 2007. Ann Arbor (MI): University of Michigan, Museum of Anthropology; 978-0-915703-65-4 ...

Australia and the Pacific.(Bibliography)

Mar 01, 2008; ... PETER HISCOCK. Archaeology of Ancient Australia. xviii+340 pages, 114 illustrations. 2008. Abingdon & New York: Routledge; 978-0-415-33810-3 hardback 75 [pounds sterling] & $150; 978-0-415-33811-0 paperback 24.99 [pounds sterling] & $46.99. ATHOLL ANDERSON, ...

Americas.(Bibliography)

Mar 01, 2008; ... ELIZABETH A. SOBEL, D. ANN TRIEU GAHR & KENNETH M. AMES (ed.). Household Archaeology on the Northwest Coast (International Monographs in Prehistory, Archaeological Series 16). x+286 pages, 2006. Ann Arbor (MI): International Monographs in Prehistory; 978-1-879621-38-1 paperback; ...

Britain.(Bibliography)

Mar 01, 2008; ... ANNE O'CONNOR. Finding Time for the Old Stone Age: a History of Palaeolithic Archaeology and Quaternary Geology in Britain, 1860-1960. xv+424 pages, 78 illustrations, 37 tables. 2007. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 978-0-19-921547-8 hardback 75 [pounds sterling]. JOHN McNABB ....

Ireland.(Bibliography)(Brief article)

Mar 01, 2008; ... PETER WOODMAN, NYREE FINLAY & ELIZABETH ANDERSON. The Archaeology of a Collection; the Keiller-Knowles Collection at the National Museum of Ireland (National Museum of Ireland Monograph Series 2). xx+382 pages, 120 b&w & colour figures, 63 b&w & colour plates. 2006. Bray: Wordwell; ...

Early medieval and medieval.(Bibliography)

Mar 01, 2008; ... EWAN CAMPBELL Continental and Mediterranean Imports to Atlantic Britain and Ireland, AD 400-800 (CBA Research Report 157). xx+164 pages, 85 figures, 56 colour & b&w plates, 22 tables. 2007. York: Council for British Archaeology; 978-1-902771-73-1 paperback 30 [pounds sterling]. ...

Scandinavia.(Bibliography)(Brief article)

Mar 01, 2008; ... SOREN THIRSLUND. Viking Navigation. 40 pages, 37 illustrations. 2007 ....

Historic and modern periods.(Bibliography)(Brief article)

Mar 01, 2008; ... FRANK McLYNN. Richard and John: Kings at War. xii+578 pages, 49 illustrations. 2007. Cambridge (MA): Da Capo; 978-0-306-81579-9 hardback $30. SARAH TARLOW. The Archaeology of Improvement in Britain, 1750-1850 (Cambridge Studies in Archaeology). x+222 pages, 30 illustrations ....

Other.(Bibliography)(Brief article)

Mar 01, 2008; ... NANCY MARIE BROWN. The Far Traveler: Voyages of a Viking Woman. 306 pages. 2007. New York: Harcourt; 978-0-15-101440-8 hardback $25. RICHARD RUDGLEY. Pagan ...

Paperback editions.(Bibliography)(Brief article)

Mar 01, 2008; ... DANIEL C. SNELL (ed.). A Companion to the Ancient Near East (Blackwell Companions to the Ancient World) (first published by Blackwell in 2005). xx+538 pages, 19 illustrations. 2007. Oxford, Malden (MA) & Carlton (Victoria): Blackwell; 978-0-6312-3293-3 hardback 95 [pounds sterling], ...