Recently added articles from Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice:
Evaluating the Youth Criminal Justice Act after five years: a qualified success.(Canada)
Apr 01, 2009; ... The context for Canadian youth justice reform The Young Offenders Act (YOA), which came into force in 1984, was a highly controversial statute. While conservative politicians criticized the law for being "soft on youth crime," there were also concerns that, under the YOA, use of ...
Trends in the imprisonment of women in Canada.
Apr 01, 2009; ... Increasing punitiveness is seen as a defining feature of late-modern liberal democracies by scholars who cite the growth in prison populations in the United States, England and Wales, the Netherlands, and New Zealand as evidence of this expansion in state punishment (see, e.g., Pratt 2007; ...
Racism versus professionalism: claims and counter-claims about racial profiling.(Canada)
Apr 01, 2009; ... Introduction Racial profiling occurs when law enforcement or security officials, consciously or unconsciously, subject individuals at any location to heightened scrutiny based solely or in part on race, ethnicity, Aboriginality, place of origin, ancestry, or religion, or on ...
Parents' involvement in the youth justice system: a view from the trenches.(Canada)
Apr 01, 2009; ... The centrality of parents (or parent figures) (2) in the lives of children and adolescents is difficult to dispute. Beyond the family context, parents play a significant role in children's interactions with larger social institutions, such as the education and healthcare systems. The ...
Spatial dimensions of fear in a high-crime community: fear of crime or fear of disorder?(Canada)
Jan 01, 2009; ... Introduction For evaluation purposes, community-based crime-prevention strategies often focus on possible reductions to fear of crime (Crawford 1998) as well as on various types of disorder or so-called quality-of-life concerns (Wilson and Kelling 1982; Skogan 1990; Matthews ...
Crime specialization across the Canadian provinces.
Jan 01, 2009; ... I. Introduction Crime statistics are ubiquitous in contemporary society. In both Canada and the United States, there are special government statistical bodies that solely measure criminological phenomena: the Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics and the Bureau of Justice ...
Exploring drug sourcing among regular prescription opioid users in Canada: data from Toronto and Victoria.
Jan 01, 2009; ... Introduction Recent North American data document substantial increases in non-medical prescription opioid (PO) use (e.g., morphine, hydromorphone, oxycodone) in both general (e.g., adult, student, youth) and street-drug-use populations (Compton and Volkow 2006; Fischer and Rehm ...
The saga continues: Canadian legislative attempts to reform cannabis law in the twenty-first century.
Jan 01, 2009; ... In July 2003, an article in the Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice suggested that Canada's long "saga of promise, hesitation, and retreat" in cannabis law reform was finally ending (Fischer, Ala-Leppilampi, Single, and Robins 2003: 266). (2) This characterization was apt ....
Crime-prevention jurisprudence? A response to Andrews and Dowden. (D.A. Andrews and Craig Dowden, Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice, vol. 49, p. 439, October 2007)
Jan 01, 2009; ... Introduction Recently, Andrews and Dowden (2007) published an article in which the risk-need-responsivity model was applied to risk assessment and justice processing regarding crime prevention and correctional rehabilitation. (1) The authors suggest that the ...
Keeping a respectful eye on crime prevention: a response to Birgden. (article by Astrid Birgden in this issue, p. 93) (Canada)
Jan 01, 2009; ... There is much in the work of Dr. Astrid Birgden that we admire. Birgden (2004) opened Andrews's eyes to our inattention to respect for personal autonomy as a basic value underlying our psychology of criminal conduct and the RNR approach. That will be corrected in the fifth edition of ...
The neighbourhood context of urban Aboriginal crime. (Canada)
Oct 01, 2008; ... Introduction In recent decades, the over-representation (2) of Aboriginal people as offenders in the Canadian criminal justice system has been well documented in numerous empirical studies and has garnered the attention of several provincial and federal commissions of inquiry ....
Revisiting selection and influence: an inquiry into the friendship networks of high school students and their association with delinquency.(Canada)
Oct 01, 2008; ... I. Introduction Most criminologists agree that delinquents prefer relationships with other delinquents (e.g., Aseltine 1995; Baerveldt and Snijders 1994; Baerveldt, Van Rossem, and Vermande 2003; Baron and Tindall 1993; Bender and Losel 1997; Dishion, Andrews, and Crosby 1995; ...
Recovering the early history of Canadian criminology: criminology at the University of British Columbia, 1951-1959.
Oct 01, 2008; ... Existing accounts of the history of criminology in Canada, as reported in introductory textbooks and The Canadian Encyclopedia (Criminology 1988: 540), claim that the country's first criminology program was initiated by Denis Szabo at the Universite de Montreal in 1960. This is inaccurate ....
Youth crime rates and the youth justice system.(Canada)
Oct 01, 2008; ... It is well known that there is a good deal of variation across provinces in the administration of our youth justice laws. Whether examining the Juvenile Delinquents Act (JDA) (1908-1984), the Young Offenders Act (YOA) (1984-2003), or the more recent Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA) ...
Street youth, unemployment, and crime: is it that simple? Using general strain theory to untangle the relationship.(Canada)
Jul 01, 2008; ... Introduction While earlier research reported an inconsistent or weak relationship between unemployment and crime (see Box 1987; Chiricos 1987), recent work has generally revealed that unemployment, or changes to the unemployment rate, are positively related to some types of ...
Childhood predictors of adult criminality: a meta-analysis drawn from the prospective longitudinal literature.(Canada)
Jul 01, 2008; ... Numerous commentaries have appeared, particularly over the past ten years, noting the important contributions of developmental criminology in adding to both our theoretical and practical understanding of the life course of crime for children and adolescents that can continue into ...
Factors influencing police attitudes towards extrajudicial measures under the Youth Criminal Justice Act.(Canada)
Jul 01, 2008; ... Introduction The principle of screening cases by police and diverting them from court is an important one in Canadian youth justice history. Since a separate system of justice was first established for youth in this country, it has been acknowledged that non-serious youthful ...
Progressive reforms or maintaining the status quo? An empirical evaluation of the judicial consideration of aboriginal status in sentencing decisions.(Canada)
Jul 01, 2008; ... In spite of an exemplary list of human rights advancements, Canada has a long-standing legacy of relying on incarceration as the primary response to crime. According to the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview prepared by Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness Canada ...
Privacy and police powers: situating the reasonable expectation of privacy test. (includes text in French) (Canada)
Jun 01, 2008; ... Ever since King George III instructed his agents to break into John Wilke's house in 1763 because Wilkes had made a speech that criticized the Crown, the criminal justice system has sought to constrain the state's power to invade the privacy of its citizens. The framers of the American ...
Framed by section 8: constitutional protection of privacy in Canada.
Jun 01, 2008; ... Introduction Privacy is not an enumerated constitutional right under the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms ("Charter"). Perhaps this is what the Ontario Court of Appeal meant when it starkly stated in Euteneier v. Lee, <Pre>[It was] properly conceded in oral ...