Canadian Journal of Public Health back issues from January 2005:
Whither Welfare?
Jan 01, 2005; ... Over the past 15 years, a wave of work-based welfare reform has swept across North America. In the United States, it began with the Family Support Act of 1988 and culminated in the 1996 Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA), which was designed, in President ...
Public Health Funding: Indicators for progress?
Jan 01, 2005; ... February is near, and if tradition holds, another federal budget is near. What to look for? Has the 'Naylor Gap' been met? Have effective accountability mechanisms been put in place? Are Public Health Human Resources getting a boost? What about front-line infrastructure? The 2004 ...
Safe Drinking Water, Lessons from Recent Outbreaks in Affluent Nations
Jan 01, 2005; ... Safe Drinking Water, Lessons from Recent Outbreaks in Affluent Nations Steve E. Hrudey, Elizabeth J. Hrudey. London, England: IWA Publishing, 2004; 514 pp, US$145 Steve and Elizabeth Hrudey are experts on the assessment and management of environmental health risks. They have assembled an ...
Should People Be Physically Active Outdoors on Smog Alert Days?
Jan 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Background: Given the importance of physical activity to well-being, there is a need to encourage people to be physically active year-round. At the same time, many people are vulnerable to adverse health effects from air pollution, especially on smog alert days. This study was ...
Chronic Poverty and Childhood Asthma in the Maritimes Versus the Rest of Canada
Jan 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Objective: To examine the role of higher long-term poverty rates in the Maritimes as an explanation for higher rates of asthma among children 2-7 years of age. Methods: Using longitudinal data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (NLSCY), logistic ...
Welfare Reforms and the Cognitive Development of Young Children
Jan 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Purpose: To investigate whether the cognitive development of young children in poverty is affected by activities of their primary caregiver and by household income source, which are two components of family poverty experience that have been affected by recent welfare ...
Mainstreaming Social Justice: Human Rights and Public Health
Jan 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Our interest in a human rights and health discourse emerges from our efforts as social scientists to bring a meaningful social justice perspective to the realm of public health. In Canada, as in many countries, "health" is still firmly within the domain of the biomedical and the ...
2004 Population and Public Health (PPH) Student Award Program
Jan 01, 2005; ... Preamble The 2004 inaugural Population and Public Health (PPH) Student Award Program, jointly sponsored by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research-Institute of Population and Public Health (CIHR-IPPH), the Canadian Public Health Association (CPHA) and the Canadian Institute for Health ...
Ecological Complexity and West Nile Virus: Perspectives on Improving Public Health Response
Jan 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT The emergence of West Nile Virus, as well as other emerging diseases, is linked to complex ecosystem processes such as climate change and constitutes an important threat to population health. Traditional public health intervention activities related to vector surveillance and ...
Air Pollution and Daily Hospital Admissions for Cardiovascular Diseases in Windsor, Ontario
Jan 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Objective: To examine the role that ambient air pollution plays in exacerbating cardiovascular disease hospitalization in Windsor, Ontario. Methods: The number of daily cardiac hospital admissions was obtained from all Windsor hospitals from April 1, 1995 to December 31, ...
Use of the Ecosystem Approach to Population Health: The Case of Mercury Contamination in Aquatic Environments and Riparian Populations, Andean Amazon, Napo River Valley, Ecuador
Jan 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Background: Driven by accelerating transformation of land use in the Amazon, studies addressing the impacts of deforestation and mercury (Hg) leaching on the geophysical, biological, social, health, economic and political systems of Amazonian countries are crucial to evaluate ...
Rate of Mental Health Service Utilization by Chinese Immigrants in British Columbia
Jan 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Objective: Reports suggest that immigrants are under-served by the mental health service system. The aim of this study is to examine the rates of mental health visits and hospitalization of Chinese immigrants in British Columbia using historic administrative ...
An Examination of the Relationship Between Municipal Smoke-free Bylaw Strength and the Odds of Being a Former Smoker
Jan 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between municipal nosmoking bylaw strength and the odds of being a former smoker. Methods: Data from Statistics Canada's Canadian Community Health Survey (Cycle 1.1, 2001) and a validated bylaw scoring ...
Social Support and Family Assets: The Perceptions of Low-income Lone-mother Families About Support from Home Visitation
Jan 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Background: Research on lone-mother families has commonly focussed on psychosocial risk factors and deficits rather than family assets (strengths and resiliency characteristics). The negative impacts of poverty and social isolation have been well documented. Home visitation ...
The Financial Impact of Controlling a Respiratory Virus Outbreak in a Teaching Hospital: Lessons Learned from SARS
Jan 01, 2005; ... ABSTARCT Background: Outbreaks of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in 2003 and renewed concerns regarding pandemic influenza have resulted in widespread planning for future respiratory disease outbreaks. Such planning should include accurate cost estimates for any proposed ...
Potential Factors That May Affect Acceptance of Routine Prenatal HIV Testing
Jan 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Background: Despite increasing advocacy for an "opt-out" strategy in routine prenatal HIV screening programs in Canada, no published studies have examined factors that may affect acceptance of prenatal HIV testing. Methods: We included all pregnant women in Alberta who ...
The Influence of Motor Vehicle Legislation on Injury Claim Incidence
Jan 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Background: Although there have been numerous strategies to prevent motor vehicle collisions and their subsequent injuries, few have been effective in preventing motor vehicle injury claims. In this paper, we examine the role of legislation and compensation system in altering ...
Perceptions About Hearing Protection and Noise-induced Hearing Loss of Attendees of Rock Concerts
Jan 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Background: This study examines perceptions of rock concert attendees about risk of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) and use of hearing protection at a busy Toronto rock concert venue. Methods: Two hundred and four questionnaires were completed and returned (75% ...
Opportunities for Video Lottery Terminal Gambling in Montréal: An Environmental Analysis
Jan 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Background: In the province of Québec, video lottery terminal (VLT) gambling has proliferated under government control since 1 993. The aims of this study were to describe the spatial distribution of video lottery terminals (VLTs) in the municipalities of Montréal and Laval and ...
Prevalence of Traumatic Dental Injury in Grade 8 Children in Six Ontario Communities
Jan 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Objectives: To determine the prevalence of traumatic injury to the anterior dentition in Grade 8 children in six Ontario communities. Methods: Clinical examination of 3,010 children attending a stratified random sample of 66 schools in the communities served by 6 Ontario ...
Foreword from the Supplement Editors
Jan 01, 2005; ... As the co-editors, we are pleased to present this special supplement to the Canadian Journal of Public Health, funded through Health Canada. It highlights collaborative research between Aboriginal peoples and university researchers in the Department of Community Health Sciences at the University ...
Foreword from Health Canada
Jan 01, 2005; ... The First Nations and Inuit Health Branch is pleased to have provided support to the development of this special supplement to the Canadian Journal of Public Health. This collection of eleven articles represents a major collaborative venture between the University of Manitoba's Department of ...
Foreword from the Assembly of First Nations, Ottawa
Jan 01, 2005; ... As National Chief of the Assembly of First Nations, I am alarmed by the pronounced gaps in health outcomes and opportunities for health available to our peoples. During the historic Canada-Aboriginal Peoples Roundtable of April 19, 2004, the Prime Minister himself acknowledged the "shameful ...
Foreword from the Assembly of Manitoba Chiefs
Jan 01, 2005; ... This publication is the result of the collaborative efforts of the Assembly of Manitoba Chiefs and the Department of Community Health Sciences at the University of Manitoba and the Centre for Aboriginal Health Research to highlight the health status of Aboriginal people and the health issues ...
Building a Health Research Relationship Between First Nations and the University in Manitoba
Jan 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT This paper describes the emergence of a formal partnership between Manitoba First Nations and researchers in the Department of Community Health Sciences at the University of Manitoba. This partnership reflects two decades of a working relationship in Manitoba involving ...
From Past to Present: Understanding First Nations Health Patterns in a Historical Context
Jan 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT By many measures of health, Canada's First Nations compare very poorly to the nonNative population as a whole. The need to explain, and to correct, this disparity has led public health researchers to consider a wide variety of community characteristics. One area that is as yet ...
Health Services Use of Manitoba First Nations People: Is It Related to Underlying Need?
Jan 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Background: To compare health status and health services use of Registered First Nations to all other Manitobans (AOM). If the Canadian health care system is meeting underlying need, those experiencing the greatest burden of morbidity and mortality should show the highest rates ...
Using Data Linkage to Identify First Nations Manitobans: Technical, Ethical, and Political Issues
Jan 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Background: The Manitoba Health Registry does not fully identify First Nations Manitobans, impacting the ability to adequately describe their health status and use of health services using this data source alone. This paper describes the processes in producing a valid database ...
Rejecting, Revitalizing, and Reclaiming: First Nations Work to Set the Direction of Research and Policy Development
Jan 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Background: The history and legacy of Western, colonial research methodologies and policy frameworks continue to create and maintain dichotomies of superior/inferior, and valued/not valued between Western and First Nations cultures, peoples and knowledge. Methods: This ...
Social Capital and Youth Suicide Risk Factors in First Nations Communities
Jan 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT The paper presents a model of plausible mechanisms linking social capital to suicide risk factors among First Nations youth, informed by a study that explored the concept of social capital in First Nations communities, and by a study on mental health services in First Nations ...
Foreword from the Assembly of Manitoba Chiefs
Jan 01, 2005; ... In the language of my people, the Ojibway or Anishinaabeg, "Pimatiziwin" is the concept we use to describe health, as walking in balance of all aspects of our lives - emotional, mental, spiritual, physical. This is a concept shared by the Ojibway, Cree, OjiCree, Dakota and Dene peoples within ...
Foreword from the Manitoba Ministry of Health
Jan 01, 2005; ... For over ten years, the Manitoba Centre for Health Policy (MCHP) has been providing accurate and timely information to health care decisionmakers, analysts and health care providers, so that policies, programs and services intended to improve the health of Manitobans can be efficaciously ...
Foreword from the CIHR Institute of Aboriginal Peoples' Health
Jan 01, 2005; ... Whereas a plethora of research reports have investigated the lived experience of indigenous peoples living in Canada and abroad, few have struck the important balance between the pursuit of community health priorities and the pursuit of the highest standards of research excellence. This special ...
A First Nations Voice in the Present Creates Healing in the Future
Jan 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT This paper discusses the urgency for change and improvements in health policy determined by the exploding demographics and inequities in the health status of First Nation people. A historical overview of health services for First Nation clients was conducted as set out through ...
Mortality Comparisons of First Nations to All Other Manitobans: A Provincial Population-based Look at Health Inequalities by Region and Gender
Jan 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Background: To examine inequalities in health status of Registered First Nations Manitobans compared to all other Manitobans. Methods: Three mortality indicators - premature mortality rate (PMR) defined as an age- and sex-adjusted rate of death before age 75 years; life ...
Health and Well-Being for Métis Women in Manitoba
Jan 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Background: Continuing compromised Aboriginal health status and increasing opportunity for new Aboriginal health surveys require that Aboriginal understandings of health and well-being be documented. This research begins exploration of whether the Aboriginal Life Promotion ...
Demographic Risk Factors for Fracture in First Nations People
Jan 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Background: Recently, First Nations people were shown to be at high fracture risk compared with the general population. However, factors contributing to this risk have not been examined. This analysis focusses on geographic area of residence, income level, and diabetes mellitus ...
Political Advocacy and Research Both Needed to Address Federal-Provincial Gaps in Service: Manitoba First Nations Personal Care Homes
Jan 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Background: First Nation residents within Personal Care Homes (PCHs) are the most vulnerable segment of First Nations society and are in need of continuing care. Recent conditions imposed through unilateral decision-making by the federal government are placing the existence and ...