Climacteric back issues from October 2007:
Metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women: higher prevalence in the Northeastern Region of Brazil than in other Latin American countries and the influence of obesity and socioeconomic factors/Author's reply
Oct 01, 2007; ... We read with great interest the recent manuscript, by the Collaborative Group for Research of the Climacteric in Latin America, on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (METS) and its components in postmenopausal Latin American women1. The authors analyzed the prevalence of METS according to the ...
Gender-specific characteristics of atherosclerosis in menopausal women: risk factors, clinical course and strategies for prevention
Oct 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in women after the age of 50 years in most developed countries. Epidemiology, symptoms and progression of cardiovascular disease are different in women than in men. Indeed, women develop cardiovascular ...
Introduction
Oct 01, 2007; ... This special Supplement of Climacteric brings full-length articles on topics that were presented in the 7th Workshop of the International Menopause Society (IMS), held in Budapest, February 2007. The past decade has witnessed extreme ups-and-downs in regard to postmenopausal hormone ...
Effects of hormone treatment on hemostasis variables
Oct 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT A survey was made of the changes in hemostasis and related inflammatory biomarkers for hormone treatments (HT) of women. Treatments included were oral and non-oral estrogens combined or not with progestogens, raloxifene, tamoxifene, tibolone and ethinylestradiol in oral ...
Recent epidemiological evidence relevant to the clinical management of the menopause
Oct 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Background The 2003 Workshop of the International Menopause Society considered the epidemiological evidence collected up to that time on the effects of female hormone therapy (HT). New evidence relevant to the clinical management of the menopause has since been ...
Diet and lifestyle in managing postmenopausal obesity
Oct 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The majority of adults are becoming increasingly overweight and one of the subpopulations in which this prevalence is growing most rapidly is postmenopausal women. It is as yet unclear whether the menopausal transition itself leads to weight gain, but it is known that the ...
Postmenopausal hormones and coronary artery disease: potential benefits and risks
Oct 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Various secondary prevention trials, including the Women's Health Initiative (WHI0, assessing the effects of hormone therapy (HT) on coronary artery disease (CAD) showed no benefit, and a trend towards early harm. However, in the WHI trial, there was a significant trend for ...
Breast cancer prevention
Oct 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT We have developed a new approach for breast cancer prevention, capitalizing in the preventive effect of early first full-term pregnancy, hormonally induced differentiation and our ability to identify specific genomic signatures that allow us to predict risk reduction. Early ...
Exercise in the menopause - an update
Oct 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT One of the most important components of lifestyle relates to physical activity. Sedentary people fare less well than those who exercise regularly. The benefits of exercise can be demonstrated in many organs of the body. The most frequently studied effect of exercise is reduction ...
Hormone therapy and breast cancer risk
Oct 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Hormone therapy (HT) is the most efficacious intervention for the relief of climacteric symptoms. Controversies surrounding HT have left many women puzzled and afraid. Gynecologists are faced with long-standing beneficial assumptions challenged by an abundance of robust ...
Menopause and stroke and the effects of hormonal therapy
Oct 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The incidence of stroke increases substantially after menopause, and in the United States it is the third leading cause of death. Data exist suggesting that women have worse outcomes for stroke than do men. Trials of aspirin use further suggest that there is a gender difference ...
Breast cancer: are estrogen metabolites carcinogenic?
Oct 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Certain estrogen metabolites can act as carcinogens in in vitro and animal experiments. The clinical relevance remains unclear. However, in the presence of factors that could influence estradiol metabolism, such as smoking or genetic polymorphisms, it seems prudent to prefer ...
Endometrial safety and bleeding with HRT: what's new?
Oct 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT There have been few additional published data concerning the effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on the endometrium since December 2003. The Million Women Study has confirmed the known protective effect of progestogen with both sequential and continuous combined ...
The skin, carotid and intervertebral disc: making the connection!
Oct 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT A fairly consistent finding in work on the menopause and hormone replacement therapy is the positive effect of estrogen on connective tissue and its turnover. The menopause has been shown repeatedly to have a negative effect on the connective tissue in the dermis of the skin ....
Cognition and cognitive aging
Oct 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Cognitive effects of estrogen have been considered in a number of large, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. Most have involved older, postmenopausal women, and results of these provide little support for the view that estrogen-containing hormone therapy ...
Osteoporosis: non-hormonal treatment
Oct 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Significant progress has been achieved in osteoporosis treatment, in terms of agents with novel mechanisms of action, of new schedules of administration, and of long-term treatment safety demonstration. Alendronate, ibandronate, intranasal calcitonin, parathyroid ...
Osteoporosis guidelines
Oct 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The Position Statement from the International Menopause Society (IMS) in 2004 recommends the use of hormone therapy for the 'avoidance of bone-wasting and fractures'. It also states that 'prevention, not treatment, is the most feasible goal'. In updating the Statement, this ...
Alzheimer's disease and other neurological disorders
Oct 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Menopausal status and estrogen-containing hormone therapy may influence several neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, migraine headache, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, sleep disorders, and stroke. For most of these illnesses, evidence on ...
The role of menopausal hormone therapy in osteoporosis
Oct 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Potential adverse effects limit the therapeutic envelope of hormone therapy as regards its effect on bone. This envelope can be enlarged considerably by targeting the younger patient at risk of fracture at the lowest dosage with an appropriate route of ...
New attitudes to sexuality in the menopause: clinical evaluation and diagnosis
Oct 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Sexuality is a critical issue at menopause for many women. Several biological, psychological and socio-relational factors are related to women's sexual health and they may negatively affect the entire sexual response cycle, inducing significant changes in desire, arousal, orgasm ...
Estrogen: effects on normal brain function and neuropsychiatric disorders
Oct 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Many women complain of memory and other cognitive/emotional difficulties at times that are associated with changes in estrogen levels. However, the biological mechanisms through which estrogen may exert these effects remain poorly understood. The effect of estrogen treatment on ...
Non-estrogenic approaches for the treatment of climacteric symptoms
Oct 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Non-estrogenic alternatives for the treatment of climacteric symptoms have their origin lost in history. Recent clinical trial data have shown that lifestyle and diet adjustment have some effect in improving both hot flushes and mood. Over-the-counter phytotherapeutic ...
New products and regimens (since 2003)
Oct 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The downturn in the use of hormone replacement therapy since the original publication of the Women's Health Initiative (2002) and Million Women studies (2003) has now stabilized. New products are now being developed which maintain benefits and minimise risks. However, some ...
The position of the Regulatory Authorities
Oct 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Statements produced by the Regulatory Authorities have impacted significantly on the practice of Menopausal Medicine. The advice that the lowest dose of hormone therapy should be given for the shortest possible time and that hormone therapy should no longer be a first-line ...