Clinical EEG and Neuroscience back issues from October 2004:
Brainwaves and Mind: Recent Advances A Report from Istanbul
Oct 01, 2004; ... Brainwaves and Mind: Recent Advances A Report from Istanbul Norman C. Moore, MD, and M. Kemal Arikan, MD 2004 ISBN: 0-912868-05-8 (102 pages) $35.00 These papers begin with veritable lightning and thunder. The first chapter by Theodore H. Bullock is a marvelous presentation of the ...
Imaging Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsy
Oct 01, 2004; ... Keywords Functional MRI (fMRI) Idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) Positron emission tomography (PET) Single photon emission computed tomography ...
EEG in Seizure Prognosis: Association of Slow Wave Activity and Other Factors in Patients with Apparent Misleading Epileptiform Findings
Oct 01, 2004; ... Key Words Electroencephalography Epilepsy Seizure Sharp Waves Slow Waves Spikes ABSTRACT Our previous study showed that patients with many spikes in their EEGs generally have uncontrolled seizures and those with no or rare spikes ...
EEG Coherence Development in Normal and AD/HD Children
Oct 01, 2004; ... Our initial coherence study investigated differences in intrahemispheric and interhemispheric EEG coherences between AD/HD and control children, and between children with the Combined (AD/HDcom) and Inattentive (AD/HDin) types of AD/HD. At shorter inter-electrode distances, AD/HD children had ...
Auditory Evoked Responses in a Comparison Between Schizophrenia Patients With and Without Premorbid History of Drug Abuse: Report of Pilot Results
Oct 01, 2004; ... Key Words Drug-induced Psychosis Evoked Responses P50 P300 Schizophrenia ABSTRACT Evidence for a role for drugs of abuse in the development of chronic psychotic syndromes is scattered throughout 40 years of literature. Electrophysiological ...
Functional Neuroimaging in Psychiatry
Oct 01, 2004; ... The visualization of brain structure through computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has greatly advanced our knowledge of psychiatric and neuropsychiatric diseases. Further and more refined information about structural and developmental abnormalities in psychiatric ...
Event-Related Potentials and Mild Cognitive Impairment
Oct 01, 2004; ... Mild cognitive impairment (MCl) describes non-demented older individuals with an isolated episodic memory deficit that is often a transition state between normal aging and Alzheimer's disease. Previous event-related potential studies in MCI report larger amplitudes for an early auditory cortical ...
The Psychopath Electrified: Brain Potentials Implicate Paralimbic Abnormalities
Oct 01, 2004; ... Psychopathy is a complex personality disorder with heterogeneous clinical presentation. Symptoms of psychopathy included interpersonal and affective traits, such as glibness, lack of empathy, guilt or remorse, shallow affect, and irresponsibility, and behavioral characteristics, such as ...
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation In Psychiatry
Oct 01, 2004; ... In this course, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in psychiatry will be reviewed. The topics covered will include: the basic physics of TMS, efficacy studies of TMS in psychiatric disorders, especially major depression, safety and side effects of TMS, magnetic seizure therapy, ...
QEEG as an Evaluation Tool of Bipolar Disorder Patients
Oct 01, 2004; ... Poster Session 1a Introduction: Bipolar disorder is one of the most difficult conditions to diagnose, in part because there are no reliable diagnostic laboratory tests characterizing this condition. A small number of reports have attempted to correlate brain activity with clinical ...
Evidence for Somatosensory Cortical Disorganization in Psychosis
Oct 01, 2004; ... Introduction: Two previous publications have suggested anomalous (decreased or reversed) asymmetry of the MEG M20 somatosensory evoked fields (SEF) in psychosis. Patients with schizoaffective disorder demonstrated a decrease in or reversal of normal asymmetry (Reite et al, Biol. Psychiat ....
MEG Tactile M50 Source Movement In Bipolar Patients
Oct 01, 2004; ... Introduction:Sensory evoked fields are not necessarily produced by stationary sources. MEG recordings have demonstrated movement of auditory and somatosensory source generators over short time periods (msec), possibly reflecting spreading cortical activation. The present study examined source ...
Abnormal Brain Maturational Trajectory in Pediatric Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD): A Pilot Voxel-Based Morphometry (VBM) Study
Oct 01, 2004; ... Introduction: Prefrontal abnormalities have been reported in pediatric patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).1 Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) assesses differences in gray matter concentration at a microstructural level.2 This is the first study, to our knowledge, using VBM to examine ...
Passive ERP Measures of Automatic Information Processing in Dementia, Delirium and Normal Aging
Oct 01, 2004; ... Introduction: Little research has been done to date into information processing in delirium, and knowledge in this area mainly stems from clinical observations. Research paradigms suited to patients with marked cognitive impairment are very limited. Mismatch negativity (MMN) and P3 event related ...
Effects of Vagus Nerve Stimulation on the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal-System in Treatment-Resistant Depression
Oct 01, 2004; ... Introduction: Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is suggested to have an antidepressant effect in patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). A hypothesis of the VNS mechanism is the influence on the Limbic System and consequently on the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA)-System. The ...
Does Long-Term Meditation Affect Visual Stimuli Apprisal?
Oct 01, 2004; ... Introduction: The aim of this study was to reveal EEG correlates of the affective and non-affective pictures appraisal in healthy adults practicing Sahaja yoga meditation. Methods: The neutral, pleasant and unpleasant stimuli from International Affective Picture System were presented to ...
Distinguishing Normal Aging From Early Stage Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders: EEG Variance Techniques
Oct 01, 2004; ... Introduction: We hypothesized that a quantitative EEG (qEEG) method for measuring EEG variability may quantify information which could improve the classification accuracy of subjects with normal aging vs. mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or mild dementia due to Alzheimer's Disease and Related ...
Neurobiological Correlates of Delta Sleep Reduction in First Episode Schizophrenia
Oct 01, 2004; ... Introduction: Delta-sleep reduction has been demonstrated in acute, chronic, remitted, never-medicated and treated schizophrenia patients.1 Prefrontal cortex has been implicated in the generation of delta-sleep and prefrontal abnormalities have been demonstrated in schizophrenia. We examined the ...
EEG of MDMA Abusers During Abstinence
Oct 01, 2004; ... Increases in 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (technical abbreviation for ecstasy, MDMA) abuse have been reported among young individuals. Grand mal seizures have been observed after large doses (10-12 pills) of MDMA.2,5 Smaller acute doses of MDMA given to MDMA-naive subjects cause decreases ...
Intracranial Distribution of Diffusely Decreased Slow EEG Activity Differs in Depressed and Non-Depressed Alcoholic Patients
Oct 01, 2004; ... Introduction: Previous results of our group and other authors have suggested that decrease in slow (delta and theta bands) of the EEG may be related to chronic neuronal damage or atrophy. However, a diffuse decrease of slow band activity can be found in many different disorders, and some ...
An Evaluation of the Usefulness of the N100 and P200 Component as Measures of Sensory Gating
Oct 01, 2004; ... Background: It has been shown that the evoked potential abnormalities in association with schizophrenia include decreased amplitude of the evoked response (EP) components with latency between 50 and 250 ms, and the decreased ability to attenuate the amplitude of the responses with stimulus ...
Association Between Smoking Tendency and Dopamine Transporter Binding - a Dual Isotope SPECT Study
Oct 01, 2004; ... Introduction: The mesolimbic dopaminergic system has been shown to play a role in reinforcing of the effects of smoking. To delineate the relationship between the pre- and post-synaptic dopamine neurons and the degree of addiction in smokers, we examined central D^sub 2^-family receptors and ...
Brain SPECT Usefulness for Optimizing Treatment of Children with Multiple Comorbidities and Serious Learning Difficulties, as Screened by Educational Psychological Testing
Oct 01, 2004; ... Introduction: Within the spectrum of learning difficulties in children there is a subset of subjects with multiple co-morbidity. This requires careful evaluation and complex neuropsychiatrie treatment in order to improve functional status. This work is based on 24 consecutive children referred ...
Correlation Between Performance on Rey Complex Figure (RCF) Test and Functional Brain Imaging Studies QEEG and SPECT Scan
Oct 01, 2004; ... Introduction: The Rey Complex Figure (RCF) is a commonly used neuropsychological measure of visuoconstructive skills. This study was designed to identify areas of the brain, measured by blood perfusion and brain electrical activity in which abnormalities had the most significant impact'on RCF ...
Functional NIRS Imaging an Aid for Child With Cerebral Palsy
Oct 01, 2004; ... Introduction: QEEG and bold fNIRS are known as noninvasive methods of functional brain mapping. Our objective is to determine the distribution of cerebral oxygenation, blood flow and metabolic status in four cortical areas (fronto-parieto-temporo-occipital) in the normal and pathological ...
Morphological Abnormalities of the Mid-Latency Auditory Evoked Responses in Schizophrenia
Oct 01, 2004; ... Introduction: Morphological abnormalities of the mid-latency auditory evoked responses (MLAERs, P50, N100, P200) have not been thoroughly examined as compared to latency and amplitude changes. Methods: An a priori defined set of morphological criteria was used to classify the morphology ...
Abetting Madness: The Role of Illicit and Prescribed Drugs in Promoting Psychotic and Manic Disorders
Oct 01, 2004; ... Abetting Madness: The Role of Illicit and Prescribed Drugs in Promoting Psychotic and Manic Disorders Malcolm Bowers, Jr. Professor of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine Publisher Xlibris. Philadelphia (www.Xlibris.com). 2003 ISBN: 1-4134-2807-X. (110 pages) $20.99 This book ...
Combined Use of Auditory Evoked Response (AER) and SPECT in Differentiation of Patients With PTSD
Oct 01, 2004; ... Introduction: Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) has been characterized by abnormal neurophysiological responses to neutral stimuli (Paige, Reid, Allen, and Newton, 1990; Lewine, Thomas, Provencal, Edgar, Miller, and Canive, 2002; Metzger, Carson, and Paulus, in press) and by differences in ...
Concurrent Verbal Stimuli Induces Less Activation of Left Primary Auditory Cortices During N1 Component Generation
Oct 01, 2004; ... Travel Award Posters: Poster Session 2a Introduction and Methods: Source-current density estimates during the N1 component of auditory ERP to a frequent tone in an auditory oddball paradigm applied to 10 normal subjects were estimated via low resolution electric tomography (LORETA) in ...
Acetazolamide Enhanced SPECT Scan Revealing Functional Impairment Not Otherwise Discernible in a Patient With Minimal Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI)
Oct 01, 2004; ... Introduction: Minimal traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a head injury characterized by lack of either localizing neurological findings or clear anatomical brain imaging findings. Imaging studies have shown that functional imaging modalities are more sensitive for detection of brain damage in mTBI ...
Volume Reduction in the Superior Temporal Gyrus Is Specific To Schizophrenia
Oct 01, 2004; ... Introduction: A number of studies have demonstrated reduced superior temporal gyrus (STG) volumes in schizophrenia, although there have been negative findings as well. It is unclear whether reduced STG volumes are specific to schizophrenia or whether they may be generally associated with ...
Event-Related Potentials in Young and Elderly Adults During a Visual Spatial Working Memory Task
Oct 01, 2004; ... Key Words Aging, Event-related Potential Memory Task, Visual-spatial P300 ABSTRACT The P300 event-related brain potential (ERP) was examined in 14 young (20-29 years of age) and 16 elderly (60-82 years of age) subjects during the performance of a ...
Disorder or Deceit? The Quantitative EEG and Brain SPECT Data of Three Women Diagnosed with Multiple Personality Disorder
Oct 01, 2004; ... Introduction: Although brain imaging studies can help settle the dispute as to whether or not Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), formerly called Multiple Personality Disorder (MPD)1 is a bona fide mental illness, the results from past studies are inconsistent and potentially misleading12 ....
P50 Sensory Gating: Impact of High vs. Low Schizotypy Personality and Smoking Status
Oct 01, 2004; ... Introduction: Smoking tobacco can facilitate early sensory gating in schizophrenics and enhance prepulse inhibition hemispheric asymmetry in individuals with schizotypy personalities. We assessed the effect of smoking on sensory gating in low and high schizotypy groups. Methods: From 613 ...
Emergent Electroencephalogram in the Intensive Care Unit: Indications and Diagnostic Yield
Oct 01, 2004; ... Key Words Cardiac Arrest Convulsive Status Epilepticus Electroencephalography, Emergent ABSTRACT Our aim was to study the frequency and reasons an emergent electroencephalogram (EmEEG) is ordered in the ICUs compared to the hospital ward, examine its ...
Single-Trial EP Analysis Improves Separation of Normal and Schizophrenia Subjects
Oct 01, 2004; ... Introduction: The inhibitory gating mechanisms assessed by various parameters of the P50 and N100 auditory response have been consistently reported abnormal in schizophrenia patients. Most of the published studies have used ensemble averaging to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of individual ...
Subdural Recordings of Cortical Activity Elicited in a 6 Tone Paradigm
Oct 01, 2004; ... Poster Session 2b Introduction: Effects of stimulus repetition are investigated in auditory sensory gating experiments. In those experiments two clicks separated by 500 ms and longer intervals of silence between the pairs are applied as stimuli and the decrease of the event-related ...
The Contribution of Contextual Processing Problems to Reduced Mismatch Negativity (MMN) in Schizophrenia
Oct 01, 2004; ... Introduction: A reduction in the auditory event-related potential (ERP) component known as mismatch negativity (MMN) in schizophrenia is a highly replicable result. Multiple factors arising from the possible nature of auditory system deficits in this disorder have been proposed to explain this ...
Methylphenidate Response in the Treatment of Vascular Depression as Measured by Quantitative Electroencephalography
Oct 01, 2004; ... Introduction: Vascular depression is a clinically defined syndrome often characterized by resistance to treatment, and no current evidence exists to guide practitioners regarding treatment options. Vascular depression and associated cognitive deficits have been reported to respond to ...
Imaging the Genetic Influences on Brain Morphometry in Schizophrenia
Oct 01, 2004; ... Introduction: Genetic and environmental factors contribute to small defects in the development of brains in schizophrenics. To investigate the genetic contribution to this, we selected 17 polymorphisms located in candidate genes related to neurogenesis and mapped to genomic loci associated with ...
Reduced Cortical Folding in Individuals at High Risk for Schizophrenia
Oct 01, 2004; ... Introduction: The gyrification index (GI), the total cortical contour divided by the outer contour, is a measure of cerebral cortical folding. Studies have documented its reduction in individuals with schizophrenia, and this investigation attempts to examine the gyrification pattern in ...
The Usefulness of Quantitative EEG (QEEG) and Neurotherapy in the Assessment and Treatment of Post-Concussion Syndrome
Oct 01, 2004; ... Key Words Database Electroencephalography Neurotherapy Post-concussion Syndrome QEEG Traumatic Brain Injury ABSTRACT Mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with damage to frontal, temporal and parietal lobes ....
ECNS-2004 Presidential Address Neurobehavioral Electrophysiology: A New Discipline
Oct 01, 2004; ... Electrophysiological diagnostic or therapeutic techniques are largely non-invasive and relatively inexpensive. The application of these technologies to the differential diagnostic, prognostic, and the therapeutic needs of neuropsychiatric conditions could have a significant impact on the ...
EEG and Multimodality Evoked Potentials in Neonatal Hypoxic - Ischemic Encephalopathy: A Developmental and Prognostic Study
Oct 01, 2004; ... Introduction: Prediction of handicap and developmental delay following hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) depending on clinical criteria is difficult. This work aims at: (1) studying the predictive role EEG and EP compared to the developmental outcome in neonatal HIE, (2) identifying the ...
Thalamic Abnormalities and Cognitive Impairment in Schizophrenia
Oct 01, 2004; ... Introduction: Structural neuroimaging studies of schizophrenia have found abnormalities in the thalamus involving the mediodorsal nucleus, the pulvinar and centromedian nucleus. There is increasing evidence implicating abnormalities in the mediodorsal nucleus (MDN) and its projections to the ...
ISNIP Early Career Contribution Award: Why Data-Driven fMRI Approaches are Useful in Hypothesis-Based Studies: Introduction and Examples
Oct 01, 2004; ... Functional MRI provides a powerful tool for noninvasively investigating the living brain. However the complexity of both the noise and the signals in fMRI data is becoming increasingly apparent. Over the years, data driven approaches for analyzing fMRI data have provided a useful tool for ...
Comparison of Detectable Duration of Auditory Stimuli in Sensory Gating
Oct 01, 2004; ... Introduction: Sensory gating is considered a sensitive measure of neural auditory processes in the brain. Not all previous work on this phenomenon has used the same stimulus type, raising the question as to whether different stimuli will produce different and therefore incomparable ...
The Influence of Gender and Age on Sleep Macroarchitecture in Healthy and Depressed Children and Adolescents
Oct 01, 2004; ... Introduction: Sleep macroarchitecture in adults with depression is heavily influenced by gender. It is not known whether these gender-dependent sleep macroarchitectural disturbances in MDD appear early in development. The primary aim was to evaluate the influence of gender and age on differences ...
EEG Oscillations, Drive Reduction, and Synaptic Reorganization
Oct 01, 2004; ... The integration of a body of both animal and human EEG findings in my laboratory and recent neurobiological concepts has led to a new theoretical model linking the mammalian EEG to the emergence of higher learning and memory capabilities. Studies examining the EEG correlates of learning and ...
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Therapy in Refractory Depression
Oct 01, 2004; ... Introduction: Neuroscientists have become increasingly concerned with brain stimulation techniques. Electroconvulsive treatment (ECT) is a traditional therapeutic method that stimulates brain electrically. In recent years transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) treatment has emerged as a ...
Symposia
Oct 01, 2004; ... S#1: The P300: Past and Future Kiehl K, Organizer, Yale University School of Medicine, West Haven, Connecticut, USA Theoretical Overview of P3a and P3b Polich J, The Scripps Research Institute, LaJolla, California, USA What Has Hemodynamic Imaging of Oddball ...
fMRI: An Introduction
Oct 01, 2004; ... The course will cover basic though advanced techniques for the analyses of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. Special emphasis will be paid on fMRI analyses using Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM). The course will cover basic experimental design, issues with movement artifacts ...
Functional MRI Imaging of Primary Taste Perception in Healthy and Bulimic Female Subjects
Oct 01, 2004; ... Introduction: Bulimia Nervosa is characterized by very distinct, potentially harmful eating behaviors. These include binge eating, often focused on sugar-rich food and altered psychophysical responses to sweet taste. This study attempted to test whether bulimic patients have altered taste ...
Decrease in Left Ventral Anterior Cingulate Perfusion Correlates with Antidepressant Response to Partial Sleep Deprivation (PSD)
Oct 01, 2004; ... Clark PC, Gregory BG, UCSD/VAMC, San Diego, California, USA Introduction: This study used functional MRI (fMRI) to investigate mechanisms of antidepressant effect of 1 night's PSD in current major depression. Methods: Seventeen unmedicated unipolar outpatients (HDRS17 > 16, ...
Clinical Correlates of Quantitative EEG Alterations in Alcoholic Patients
Oct 01, 2004; ... Introduction and Methods: Quantitative EEG (frequency analysis, absolute and relative powers of the four classical bands) was assessed in 174 alcoholic patients admitted in our facility for deintoxication process. All underwent psychiatric, medical and neurological examination prior to the EEG ...
Menstrual Cycle Does Not Alter Anterior-Posterior Location Estimates for MEG Auditory Source Generators
Oct 01, 2004; ... Introduction: Previous studies have suggested that (1) the MEG auditory M100 evoked field component, generated in secondary auditory cortex, exhibits greater asymmetry (further forward in right hemisphere) in individuals with higher scores on the block design test suggesting improved spatial ...
Improvement in Alpha EEG Selectivity and Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia Following rTMS Treatment
Oct 01, 2004; ... Introduction: rTMS has demonstrated value in altering symptoms of neuropsychiatrie illness. Negative symptoms of schizophrenia are among the most difficult to treat with pharmacological intervention. We report that rTMS can tune the alpha EEG and improve negative symptoms of schizophrenia. The ...
Anomalous Laterality of MEG Secondary Auditory Cortical Source Locations is Not Found in Bipolar Disorder
Oct 01, 2004; ... Introduction: A number of studies have found evidence of disturbed asymmetry in location estimates of the 100 msec latency auditory evoked field component (M100 generated in secondary auditory cortex) in schizophrenia. This is usually in the direction of a decrease in normally expected (right ...
Structural Synchronization of the Multichannel EEG in Adolescents with Schizophrenic Spectrum Disorders
Oct 01, 2004; ... Introduction: There are some abnormalities of spatial connectivity in schizophrenic patients both adults and children. Correlation and coherency functions of multichannel EEG signals usually are calculated to study the EEG wave synchrony between cortex areas. We applied our new technology ...
Somatotopic Organization May Be Different in Patients With Bipolar Disorder
Oct 01, 2004; ... Introduction: MEG based evidence of altered tonotopy has been described in schizophrenia (Rojas et al, Biol. Psych. 52:32, 2002). This study examined somatotopy in subjects with bipolar disorder, again using MEG based metrics. Methods: We recorded sensory evoked fields (SEF) over the ...
QEEG Profile Can Differentiate Between High and Low Beck Depression Inventory Among Group of Cocaine Abusing Patients
Oct 01, 2004; ... Introduction: Previous studies have linked qEEG to patient outcome in cocaine abusers. In this study, we are investigating utility of qEEG profile in identifying depression status of cocaine abusers. Methods: Twenty-six cocaine abusing patients between 30-69 years of age were selected ....
Age-Related Alterations of Visuospatial Processing Measured with fMRI
Oct 01, 2004; ... Poster Session 1b Introduction: Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) has emerged as a powerful tool to gain insight into agerelated changes of brain function. These changes are interesting in that they can provide a better understanding of physiological and pathophysiological ...
Aberrant Target Detection Processing in Healthy Subjects at Risk for Depression: an Event-Related Brain Potential Study
Oct 01, 2004; ... Introduction: Depression is associated with well-documented deficits in high-order cognitive processes1 such as memory, attention, target detection, and executive functions which are assumed to be connected with altered cortical-limbic circuits as shown by neuroimaging studies.2 There is no ...
Use of Serial Urine Drug Screens in Detecting Covert Drug Abuse Exclusions in Electrophysiological Research
Oct 01, 2004; ... Introduction: Abuse drugs are an important class of variables that can alter a variety of electrophysiological measures. For this reason current use of such drugs often constitute important exclusion criteria in research studies that use electrophysiological measures as dependent variables ....
Reduction of Left Caudate Volume in Offspring of Patients with Schizophrenia
Oct 01, 2004; ... Introduction: The basal ganglia represent target fields for dopaminergic tracts that are believed to be involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Basal ganglia play a critical role in higher cognitive functions such as attention, working memory, and goal-directed behavior. Previous studies ...