Recently added articles from Critical Reviews in Microbiology:
Erratum
Oct 01, 2007; ... In the article, Issues for Microbial Regulation: Aeromonas as a Model, by S. Edberg et al., published in Critical Reviews in Microbiology, 33(01): 89-100, material from two ASM ...
Lyssaviruses
Oct 01, 2007; ... Lyssaviruses are the etiological agents of rabies, one of the oldest viral diseases known to man and a disease that has persisted over many centuries. Together with sound diagnostic methods and efficacious vaccines-both of which had been available for many decades, an understanding of the ...
The Brucellae and Their Success as Pathogens
Oct 01, 2007; ... Brucellae are tiny, aerobic, slow growing, catalase and oxidase positive Gram negative coccobacilli or small rods, which may reach man through exposure to tissues of mammalian hosts via cuts or aerosols, or as food infections mostly through dairy products. As parasites brucellae are ...
The Human/Animal Interface: Emergence and Resurgence of Zoonotic Infectious Diseases
Oct 01, 2007; ... Emerging infectious diseases, most of which are considered zoonotic in origin, continue to exact a significant toll on society. The origins of major human infectious diseases are reviewed and the factors underlying disease emergence explored. Anthropogenic changes, largely in land use and ...
Ecological Origins of Novel Human Pathogens
Oct 01, 2007; ... A systematic literature survey suggests that there are 1399 species of human pathogen. Of these, 87 were first reported in humans in the years since 1980. The new species are disproportionately viruses, have a global distribution, and are mostly associated with animal reservoirs. Their emergence ...
Regulation of Sugar Catabolism in Lactococcus lactis
Jan 01, 2007; ... The increasing number of genomlc and post-genomic studies on Gram-positive organisms and especially on lactic acid bacteria brings a lot of information on sugar catabolism in these bacteria. Like for many other bacteria, glucose is the most preferred source of carbon and energy for Lactococcus ...
Leprosy and Tuberculosis: An Insight-Review
Jan 01, 2007; ... A quick glance at this review article provides an insight into the common and different features of M. leprae and M. tuberculosis and the diseases caused by these organisms. Table I provides the popular names, history, stigma, description of the disease, clinical features, classification and the ...
The Non-O157 Shiga-Toxigenic (Verocytotoxigenic) Escherichia coli; Under-Rated Pathogens
Jan 01, 2007; ... Following a brief review of the ecology of Escherichia coli in general, the role of Shiga-Toxigenic (Verocytotoxigenic) E. coli (STEC) as pathogens is addressed. While STEC belonging to the serogroup O157 have been extensively studied and shown to be involved in many cases and outbreaks of human ...
Issues for Microbial Regulation: Aeromonas as a Model
Jan 01, 2007; ... The decision by public health agencies to regulate specific microorganisms that may be found in drinking water can only be made if specific criteria find that a microorganism poses a health risk. These criteria should include: (1) there is a clinical history of an organism causing disease from ...
Survival and Inactivation of Arcobacter spp., a Current Status and Future Prospect
Jan 01, 2007; ... Arcobacter spp. has been isolated from food of animal origin (particularly meats) and from various kind of water. Despite its phylogenetically related neighbor Campylobacter, Arcobacter is regarded as an emerging foodborne pathogen. Since Arcobacter differs in its phenotypic characteristics, the ...
Botulism Diagnostics: From Clinical Symptoms to in vitro Assays
Jan 01, 2007; ... Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT), which cause the deadly neuroparalytic disease, botulism, is the most toxic substance known to man. BoNT can be used as potential bioterrorism agents, and therefore, pose great threat to national security and public health. Rapid and sensitive detection of BoNTs using ...
Acetoin Metabolism in Bacteria
Jan 01, 2007; ... Acetoin is an important physiological metabolite excreted by many microorganisms. The excretion of acetoin, which can be diagnosed by the Voges Proskauer test and serves as a microbial classification marker, has its vital physiological meanings to these microbes mainly including avoiding ...
A New Model for the Transmission of Helicobacter pylori: Role of Environmental Reservoirs as Gene Pools to Increase Strain Diversity
Jan 01, 2007; ... Twenty-five years after the first successful cultivation and isolation of Helicobacter pylori, the scientific community is still struggling to understand the way(s) this bacterium is transmitted among the human population. Here, both epidemiologic and microbiologic evidence addressing this ...
Microbial Extremophiles at the Limits of Life
Jan 01, 2007; ... Prokaryotic extremophiles were the first representatives of life on Earth and they are responsible for the genesis of geological structures during the evolution and creation of all currently known ecosystems. Flexibility of the genome probably allowed life to adapt to a wide spectrum of extreme ...
Microbial Production of C^sub 13^-Norisoprenoids and Other Aroma Compounds via Carotenoid Cleavage
Jan 01, 2007; ... Carotenoids are important precursors of a variety of compounds: the C^sub 20^-retinoids, the C^sub 15^-phytohormones, and the C^sub 9^to C^sub 13^-aromas. Among the last type, C^sub 13^-carotenoid-derived compounds (norterpenoids/norisoprenoids) such as ionones and damascenes, constitute an ...
The Seminal Literature of Anthrax Research
Jan 01, 2007; ... A chronically weak area in research papers, reports, and reviews is the complete identification of seminal background documents that formed the building blocks for these papers. A method for systematically determining these seminal references is presented. Citation-Assisted Background (CAB) is ...
Phosphoinositide Signaling in Unicellular Eukaryotes
Jan 01, 2007; ... The review considers the up to date achievements in the role of membrane phosphoinositides and keys enzymes of the lipid branch of the phosphoinositide signal pathway (PI-pathway) in unicellular eukaryotes. Particular attention is paid to mechanisms of phospholipase C (PLC) activation and the ...
Diversity of the Parachlamydiae in the Environment
Oct 01, 2006; ... Chlamydiae are obligate intracellular bacteria, parasites of a variety of eukaryotes ranging from amoebae to humans. Among them, the family Parachlamydiaceae comprises endosymbionts of amoebae, mainly Acanthamoeba, currently investigated as emerging pathogens of humans and other vertebrates. 16S ...
High-Pressure Homogenization as a Non-Thermal Technique for the Inactivation of Microorganisms
Oct 01, 2006; ... In the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, chemical, and food industries high-pressure homogenization is used for the preparation or stabilization of emulsions and suspensions, or for creating physical changes, such as viscosity changes, in products. Another well-known application is cell disruption of ...
Candida Species Adhesion to Oral Epithelium: Factors Involved and Experimental Methodology Used
Oct 01, 2006; ... Due to the increasing prevalence and emergence of Non-Candida albicans Candida (NCAC) species, especially in immunosupressed patients, it is becoming urgent to deepen the current knowledge about virulence factors of these species. Adhesion of cells to epithelium is considered one of the major ...