Ecology back issues from July 1999:
The ecological consequences of changes in biodiversity: a search for general principles.
Jul 01, 1999; ... INTRODUCTION The biological diversity of the earth and its origins have long been a source of amazement and curiosity, and an area of formal inquiry ever since Wallace and Darwin. Current interest in diversity centers both on why there are so many species and on how diversity ...
Seed dispersal near and far: patterns across temperate and tropical forests.
Jul 01, 1999; ... INTRODUCTION An understanding of dispersal is needed to assess recruitment limitation in plant communities and to predict population responses to global change (Schupp 1990, Ribbens et al. 1994, Pitelka et al. 1997, Clark et al. 1998a). Dispersal is summarized by a "seed ...
Trophic rank and the species-area relationship.
Jul 01, 1999; ... INTRODUCTION The tendency for species richness to increase with area (the "species - area relationship") is one of the most robust empirical generalizations in ecology (May 1975, Rosenzweig 1995). Most studies of species - area patterns have focused on particular taxa, guilds, ...
Universal power laws govern intermittent rarity in communities of interacting species.
Jul 01, 1999; ... INTRODUCTION Understanding the determinants of variability in species abundance is a central issue in ecology. In the context of population management and conservation, the temporal dynamics of rare species pose a difficult puzzle. Many rare species are thought to be on a ...
Global patterns of plant invasions and the concept of invasibility.
Jul 01, 1999; ... INTRODUCTION The invasion of natural communities by introduced plants constitutes one of the most serious threats to biodiversity (Heywood 1989), and it seems that there is now no nature reserve in the world outside Antarctica that is without introduced plant species (Usher ...
Detecting population-level consequences of ongoing environmental change without long-term monitoring.
Jul 01, 1999; ... INTRODUCTION There is general agreement that anthropogenic environmental changes have already affected most areas of the world, and that these impacts will become increasingly pronounced over the next century (Schneider 1993, Vitousek 1994, Vitousek et al. 1996). These changes ...
Early vs. asymptotic growth responses of herbaceous plants to elevated CO2.
Jul 01, 1999; ... INTRODUCTION Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels continue to increase at a rate of [approximately]0.45% per year, with the current global average exceeding 360 [[micro]liter]/L (IPCC 1996). The most immediate and well-characterized physiological effects of elevated C[O.sub.2] on ...
Validity of extrapolating field CO2 experiments to predict carbon sequestration in natural ecosystem.
Jul 01, 1999; ... INTRODUCTION The increase in the global atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide (C[O.sub.2]; [C.sub.a]) represents an imbalance among the carbon (C) sources and sinks in the biogeosphere. Assessing the potential for terrestrial ecosystems to sequester C is a major challenge ...
Whole-plant consequences of Crassulacean acid metabolism for a tropical forest understory plant.
Jul 01, 1999; ... INTRODUCTION Carbon assimilation through Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) is regarded as an adaptive trait for plant species native to high-light, water-limited habitats (Taiz and Zeiger 1991). Ecophysiological studies of CAM have focused on desert succulents and upper canopy ...
Seed mass, seedling emergence, and environmental factors in seven rain forest Psychotoria (Rubiaceae).
Jul 01, 1999; ... INTRODUCTION Offspring size plays a key role in the establishment of the juvenile phase of an organism's life cycle. In plants, seed mass can influence the probability of seedling establishment by affecting the distance to which seeds disperse, the likelihood that they will ...
Asymptotic height as a predictor of photosynthetic characteristics in Malaysian rain forest trees.
Jul 01, 1999; ... INTRODUCTION The most broadly accepted axiom in plant ecophysiology is perhaps that of a relationship between photosynthetic physiology and ambient light levels. Sun plants tend to have higher light-saturated photosynthetic rates ([A.sub.max]) than do shade plants; conversely, ...
Links between microbial population dynamics and nitrogen availability in an alpine ecosystem.
Jul 01, 1999; ... INTRODUCTION Soil microbial population dynamics have important implications for N availability to plants in many ecosystems. For example, microbial biomass often assimilates N at times when plants are inactive, releasing the N to plants some time later when plants are active and ...
The El Nino southern oscillation, variable fruit production, and famine in a tropical forest.
Jul 01, 1999; ... INTRODUCTION We hypothesize that the El Nino Southern Oscillation influences fruit production which, in turn, limits frugivorous and granivorous mammals on Barro Colorado Island (BCI), Panama. El Nino events bring warm, dry, sunny conditions to BCI and to a large portion of the ...
The effect of habitat corridors on rates of transfer and interbreeding between vole demes.
Jul 01, 1999; ... INTRODUCTION Habitat fragmentation has been recognized as the main threat to many wildlife populations (Soule 1986, Lande 1988, Robinson et al. 1995, Leach and Givnish 1996). Among several fragmentation-induced phenomena contributing to reduced population viability, low genetic ...
Home range analysis using a mechanistic home range model.
Jul 01, 1999; ... INTRODUCTION The analysis and description of home range patterns has been central to understanding the ecology of many mammalian populations. The relationship between patterns of space use and the spatial and temporal distribution of resources (Brown and Orians 1970), as well as ...
Within-season variability of pupal period in the autumnal moth: a bet-hedging strategy?
Jul 01, 1999; ... INTRODUCTION Maintenance of phenotypic variance in natural populations continues to be an area of major interest in evolutionary biology. Phenology-related traits of annual life cycles, in insects in particular, are often reported to be notably variable, but the reasons often ...
Cost of flight apparatus and optimum body size of aphid migrants.
Jul 01, 1999; ... INTRODUCTION A central problem of evolutionary biology is to provide a general explanation for the design of organisms (Stearns 1982), and an important feature of design is size. Aerodynamic and physiological features indicate that larger organisms have to devote proportionally ...
Modeling the spread of pine wilt disease caused by nematodes with pine sawyers as vector.
Jul 01, 1999; ... INTRODUCTION There has been increasing attention directed to infectious diseases that are transmitted indirectly, via one or more intermediate hosts or vectors. Thus far, research in this area has mainly centered on human diseases such as malaria, schistosomiasis, and certain ...
Nectar-robbing bumble bees reduce the fitness of Ipomopsis Aggregata (Polemoniaceae).
Jul 01, 1999; ... INTRODUCTION Floral larceny, or nectar robbing, is common among animal-pollinated plants (Inouye 1983). However, in comparison to the hundreds, if not thousands, of studies on the interactions between plants and their pollinators (for reviews see Faegri and van der Pijl 1979, ...
Induced responses to herbivory in wild radish: effects on several herbivores and plant fitness.
Jul 01, 1999; ... INTRODUCTION Plants have evolved defenses against their predators and parasites that do not involve fleeing areas with high risk of attack. Because plant attackers are not always predictable in time and space, and defenses are thought to impose a cost, it is believed that plants ...
Why does early-season herbivory affect subsequent budburst?
Jul 01, 1999; ... INTRODUCTION The spring emergence of many tree-defoliating insects is closely synchronized with budburst of their host trees (Satchell 1961, Nothnagle and Schultz 1987, Hunter 1991, Yela and Herrera 1993). The time of budburst of a tree is genetically programmed to local ...
Errata.(corrections in the article 'Comparative physiological ecology of lupines colonizing early successional habitats on Mount St. Helens' by J.H. Braatne and L.C. Bliss)
Jul 01, 1999 ... In the article by C. E. Caceres (1998) entitled "Interspecific variation in the abundance, production, and emergence of Daphnia diapausing eggs," Ecology 79(5):1699-1710, a transcription error was made when converting the raw emergence data to number ...
Blade abandonment/proliferation: a novel mechanism for rapid epiphyte control in marine macrophytes.
Jul 01, 1999; ... INTRODUCTION The effects of epiphytes on their host plants can be beneficial (e.g., Penhale and Smith 1977, Orth and Montfrans 1984), but are more often harmful (see review by Jacobs 1988), particularly at high epiphyte densities. In the case of some terrestrial vascular plants, ...
Errata.(corrections on the article 'Interspecific variation in the abundance, production, and emergence of Daphnia diapausing eggs' by C.E. Caceres)
Jul 01, 1999 ... During final preparation of the article by J. H. Braatne and L. C. Bliss (1999) entitled "Comparative physiological ecology of lupines colonizing early successional habitats on Mount St. Helens," Ecology 80(3):891-907, editorial staff incorrectly ...
Bidirectional facilitation and interference between shrubs and annuals in the Mojave Desert.(Mojave Desert, CA)
Jul 01, 1999; ... INTRODUCTION Understanding the relationships of coexisting species forms a central theme of community ecology (Watt 1947, Roughgarden and Diamond 1986). Composition and structure of a community are shaped by both abiotic factors and interactions among organisms. While the ...
Errata. (corrections on the article 'Differences in body size among chuckwalla.(Sauromalus obesus) populations' by Christopher R. Tracy)
Jul 01, 1999 ... In the article by Christopher R. Tracy (1999) entitled "Differences in body size among chuckwalla (Sauromalus obesus) populations," Ecology 80(1):259-271, the first line of the first full paragraph on p. 260 should read as follows: "The association between ...
Indirect facilitation: evidence and predictions from a riparian community.
Jul 01, 1999; ... INTRODUCTION While the influence of biotic interactions on species diversity is well appreciated (Huston 1994, Rosenzweig 1995), the converse, how diversity influences biotic interactions is only beginning to be explored. Understanding these community-level consequences of ...
Effects of leaf-litter accumulation on riparian plant diversity across Europe.
Jul 01, 1999; ... INTRODUCTION Redistribution of organic matter such as leaves and wood is a major process in most rivers (Maltby 1992, Malanson 1993). Organic matter produced in the riparian corridor is eroded during floods (Malanson and Kupfer 1993), transported in the river, and decomposed by ...
Effects of birds and rodents on synthetic tallgrass communities.
Jul 01, 1999; ... INTRODUCTION Do small vertebrates influence composition and diversity of tallgrass prairies? The question is important because tallgrass remnants on fertile, well-watered soils represent North America's "most endangered" major ecosystem (Noss et al. 1995). Influences of large ...
Conservation Biological Control.(Review)
Jul 01, 1999; ... Barbosa, Pedro, editor. 1998. Academic Press, San Diego, California. xxii + 396 p. $69.95, ISBN: 0-12-078147-6 (alk. paper). The timeliness of Conservation biological control, edited by Pedro Barbosa, is striking. Invasive exotic species often represent an economic cost for ...
Molecular Approaches to Ecology and Evolution.(Review)
Jul 01, 1999; ... DeSalle, Rob, and B. Schierwater, editors. 1998. Birkhauser Verlag, Boston, Massachusetts. xv + 364 p. $59.50, ISBN: 0-8176-5725-8 (alk. paper). This book includes chapters by various authors who illustrate how different molecular techniques help address questions in behavioral ...
Plant and Animal Populations: Methods in Demography.(Review)
Jul 01, 1999; ... Ebert, Thomas A. 1999. Academic Press, San Diego, California, xiii + 312 p. $69.95, ISBN: 0-12-228740-1. One of the clearest trends in ecology is the move towards a more predictive and quantitative approach. The reasons for this trend are numerous, but include the need for ...
Plant Physiological Ecology.(Review)
Jul 01, 1999; ... Lambers, Hans, Francis Stuart Chapin, III, and Thijs Leendert Pons. 1998. Springer-Verlag, New York. xxvii + 540 p. $59.95, ISBN: 0-387-98326-0 (alk. paper). Having searched for a suitable plant ecophysiology text for a number of years, it was with great anticipation that I ...