Recently added articles from Emerging Infectious Diseases:
Past, present, and possible future human infection with influenza virus a subtype H7.(PERSPECTIVE)(Report)
Jun 01, 2009; ... Influenza A viruses belong to the family Orthomyxoviridae and possess 8 negative-sense RNA segments encoding 11 known proteins. Of these, the 2 viral surface glycoproteins, hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA), form the basis of multiple serologically distinct virus subtypes ....
Diphyllobothriasis associated with eating raw Pacific salmon.(SYNOPSIS)
Jun 01, 2009; ... Broad tapeworms such as Diphyllobothrium latum and D. nihonkaiense are exotic parasites that grow as long as 12 meters in the small intestine. By the mid-19th century, infection with the Japanese broad tapeworm was known to be contracted by eating salmon (Figure 1) and was considered to be ...
Geographic clustering of leishmaniasis in northeastern Brazil.(RESEARCH)
Jun 01, 2009; ... Leishmaniasis accounts for [approximately equal to]2 million disability-adjusted life years in [approximately equal to]90 countries, most of which are in the developing world (1). The past 3 decades have witnessed accumulation of much knowledge about the host-parasite relationship, ...
Lineage 2 West Nile virus as cause of fatal neurologic disease in horses, South Africa.(RESEARCH)(Report)
Jun 01, 2009; ... West Nile virus (WNV), a mosquito-born flavivirus of the family Flaviviridae, is widely distributed throughout Africa, the Middle East, Asia, parts of Europe, Australia, North and South America, and the Caribbean. The WNV transmission cycle involves birds as vertebrate hosts and ...
Hantaviruses in rodents and humans, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China.(RESEARCH)
Jun 01, 2009; ... Hantaviruses, members of the family Bunyaviridae and genus Hantavirus, can cause 2 human zoonoses: hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), seen in Asia and Europe; and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, seen in the Western Hemisphere (1). Rodents are a main virus reservoir and a source ...
Case-based surveillance of influenza hospitalizations during 2004-2008, Colorado, USA.(RESEARCH)(Report)
Jun 01, 2009; ... Each year, in the United States, influenza infections cause an estimated 36,000 deaths (1) and >200,000 hospitalizations (2). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) monitors seasonal influenza activity to document the timing and geographic spread of influenza infection, track ...
Tuberculosis disparity between US-born blacks and whites, Houston, Texas, USA.(RESEARCH)
Jun 01, 2009; ... After the unprecedented resurgence in tuberculosis (TB) in the United States during 1985-1992, the annual incidence rate of TB steadily decreased from 1993 to 2007. However, this decline recently decelerated, raising concerns that progress toward eliminating TB is slowing. In 2007, a total ...
Changes in fluoroquinolone-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae after 7-valent conjugate vaccination, Spain.(RESEARCH)
Jun 01, 2009; ... The bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae is a serious cause of illness and death and a major etiologic agent of community-acquired pneumonia, meningitis, and acute otitis media. Pneumococcal resistance to antimicrobial drugs (including [beta]-lactams, macrolides, tetracycline, and ...
Bartonella quintana in body lice and head lice from homeless persons, San Francisco, California, USA.(RESEARCH)
Jun 01, 2009; ... The human body louse and human head louse are generally recognized as 2 subspecies of Pediculus humanus (P. h. humanus and P. h. capitis, respectively) that have distinct ecologic preferences (1). However, a recent genetic analysis was not able to show any differences between these 2 ...
Drought, smallpox, and emergence of Leishmania braziliensis in northeastern Brazil.(HISTORICAL REVIEW)(Report)
Jun 01, 2009; ... The emergence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in northeastern Brazil in the state of Ceara illustrates how environmental and human factors combine to influence human health. Cutaneous leishmaniasis is an important health problem for residents of Ceara. In the 20 years from 1986 to 2005, >49,000 ...
Tropheryma whipplei in fecal samples from children, Senegal.(DISPATCHES)
Jun 01, 2009; ... Tropheryma whipplei is known mainly as the bacterial pathogen responsible for Whipple disease (1). Until recently, it was thought to be a rare bacterium typically causing disease in white men (1). However, recent studies have shown 1%-11% prevalence of the bacterium in fecal samples from ...
Phocine distemper virus in northern sea otters in the Pacific Ocean, Alaska, USA.(DISPATCHES)(Report)
Jun 01, 2009; ... In northern Europe, phocine distemper virus (PDV) caused 2 epidemics that resulted in 23,000 harbor seal deaths in 1988 and >30,000 deaths in 2002 (1). PDV has also been associated with seal deaths on the eastern coast of the United States and Canada, which shows the persistent threat of ...
Diversity of Anaplasma phagocytophilum strains, USA.(DISPATCHES)(Report)
Jun 01, 2009; ... Anaplasma phagocytophilum (order Rickettsiales) has a broad host range and infects humans as well as numerous other animal species (1). It has been known as a ruminant pathogen in Europe since at least 1932 but in recent years has emerged as a cause of disease in humans in the United ...
Increasing incidence of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis on Crete, Greece.(DISPATCHES)
Jun 01, 2009; ... Zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (ZVL) caused by Leishmania infantum is a disease of humans and domestic dogs (the reservoir) transmitted by phlebotomine sandflies. According to the World Health Organization (1), ZVL was first recorded on Crete in 1907, after which it featured prominently ...
Avian influenza in wild birds, central coast of Peru.(DISPATCHES)(Report)
Jun 01, 2009; ... Limited data are available on genotypes of avian influenza virus (AIV) circulating among wild birds in South America (1-6). To determine whether AIVs are present and circulating in wild birds in South America, we collected and examined bird environmental fecal samples. The Study ...
Japanese encephalitis viruses from bats in Yunnan, China.(DISPATCHES)(Report)
Jun 01, 2009; ... Bats have been increasingly recognized as an important source of zoonotic viruses responsible for some of the recent major disease outbreaks, including Hendra, Nipah, severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated, and Ebola viruses (1). Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a member of the ...
Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Michigan, USA, 2007.(DISPATCHES)
Jun 01, 2009; ... Vancomycin continues to be used as a first-line antimicrobial agent for the treatment of infection with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Because alternative treatments are limited, development of resistance to vancomycin can make treatment of MRSA infections increasingly ...
Rabies in ferret badgers, southeastern China.(DISPATCHES)
Jun 01, 2009; ... Rabies is an acute encephalomyelitis caused by rabies or rabies-related viruses. Although dogs are the main reservoir worldwide, all mammals are believed to be susceptible. When rabies is widely distributed, affected wildlife may constitute a public health threat to local residents. For ...
Nipah virus infection in dogs, Malaysia, 1999.(DISPATCHES)(Report)
Jun 01, 2009; ... During September 1998-April 1999, a viral disease associated with pigs resulted in at least 265 human cases of febrile encephalitis in Peninsular Malaysia; case-fatality ratio was 38% (1). The etiologic agent, Nipah virus (NiV; family Paramyxoviridae, genus Henipavirus), is believed to ...
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300 clone in long-term care facility.(DISPATCHES)(Report)
Jun 01, 2009; ... Since 2001, a dramatic increase in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections has been observed in the United States, mostly related to emergence of the USA300 clone in the community (1) and subsequently in hospitals (2,3). Residents of long-term care facilities (LTCFs) ...