Recently added articles from Emerging Infectious Diseases:
Bacterial pneumonia and pandemic influenza planning.(PERSPECTIVE)
Aug 01, 2008; Gupta, Ravindra K. ... Pandemic influenza planning is well under way across the globe. Antiviral drugs and vaccines have dominated the therapeutic agenda. Far less work has been conducted on stockpiling and planning for deployment of antimicrobial drugs against secondary bacterial pneumonia, a cause of ...
Deaths from bacterial pneumonia during 1918-19 influenza pandemic.
Aug 01, 2008; Brundage, John F. ... Deaths during the 1918-19 influenza pandemic have been attributed to a hypervirulent influenza strain. Hence, preparations for the next pandemic focus almost exclusively on vaccine prevention and antiviral treatment for infections with a novel influenza strain. However, we hypothesize that ...
Diverse contexts of zoonotic transmission of simian foamy viruses in Asia.(RESEARCH)
Aug 01, 2008; Jones-Engel, Lisa ... In Asia, contact between persons and nonhuman primates is widespread in multiple occupational and nonoccupational contexts. Simian foamy viruses (SFVs) are retroviruses that are prevalent in all species of nonhuman primates. To determine SFV prevalence in humans, we tested 305 persons who ...
Puumala hantavirus excretion kinetics in bank voles (Myodes glareolus).(RESEARCH)
Aug 01, 2008; Hardestam, Jonas ... Puumala hantavirus is present in bank voles (Myodes glareolus) and is believed to be spread mainly by contaminated excretions. In this study, we subcutaneously inoculated 10 bank voles with Puumala virus and sampled excretions until day 133 postinfection. Levels of shed viral RNA peaked ...
Community strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus as potential cause of healthcare-associated infections, Uruguay, 2002-2004.(RESEARCH)
Aug 01, 2008; Benoit, Stephen R. ... Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) strains have emerged in Uruguay. We reviewed S. aureus isolates from a large healthcare facility in Montevideo (center A) and obtained information from 3 additional hospitals on patients infected with CA-MRSA. An ...
Systematic literature review of role of noroviruses in sporadic gastroenteritis.(RESEARCH)
Aug 01, 2008; Patel, Manish M. ... We conducted a systematic review of studies that used reverse transcription-PCR to diagnose norovirus (NOV) infections in patients with mild or moderate (outpatient) and severe (hospitalized) diarrhea. NoVs accounted for 12% (95% confidence interval [CI] 10%-15%) of severe gastroenteritis ...
Genetic and serologic properties of Zika virus associated with an epidemics, Yap State, Micronesia, 2007.(RESEARCH)
Aug 01, 2008; Lanciotti, Robert S. ... Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus first isolated in Uganda from a sentinel monkey in 1947. Mosquito and sentinel animal surveillance studies have demonstrated that ZIKV is endemic to Africa and Southeast Asia, yet reported human cases are rare with <10 cases reported in the ...
Interepidemic Rift Valley fever virus seropositivity, Northeastern Kenya.(RESEARCH)
Aug 01, 2008; LaBeaud, A. Desiree ... Most outbreaks of Rift Valley fever (RVF) occur in remote locations after floods. To determine environmental risk factors and long-term sequelae of human RVF, we examined rates of previous Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) exposure by age and location during an interepidemic period in 2006 ....
Aquatic invertebrates as unlikely vectors of Buruli ulcer disease.
Aug 01, 2008; Benbow, M. Eric ... Buruli ulcer is a necrotizing skin disease caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans and associated with exposure to aquatic habitats. To assess possible transmission of M. ulcerans by aquatic biting insects, we conducted a field examination of biting water bugs (Hemiptera: Naucoridae, ...
Cutaneous infrared thermometry for detecting febrile patients.
Aug 01, 2008; Hausfater, Pierre ... We assessed the accuracy of cutaneous infrared thermometry, which measures temperature on the forehead, for detecting patients with fever in patients admitted to an emergency department. Although negative predictive value was excellent (0.99), positive predictive value was low (0.10) ....
Increased amoxicillin-clavulanic acid resistance in Escherichia coli blood isolates, Spain.(DISPATCHES)
Aug 01, 2008; Oteo, Jesus ... To determine the evolution and trends of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid resistance among Escherichia coli isolates in Spain, we tested 9,090 blood isolates from 42 Spanish hospitals and compared resistance with trends in outpatient consumption. These isolates were collected by Spanish ...
Endemic circulation of European bat lyssavirus type 1 in serotine bats, Spain.(DISPATCHES)
Aug 01, 2008; Vazquez-Moron, Sonia ... To determine the presence of European bat lyssavirus type 1 in southern Spain, we studied 19 colonies of serotine bats (Eptesicus isabellinus), its main reservoir, during 1998-2003. Viral genome and antibodies were detected in healthy bats, which suggests subclinical infection. The ...
Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N1) in experimentally infected adult mute swans.
Aug 01, 2008; Kalthoff, Donata ... Adult, healthy mute swans were experimentally infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus A/Cygnus cygnus/Germany/R65/2006 subtype H5N1. Immunologically naive birds died, whereas animals with preexisting, naturally acquired avian influenza virus-specific antibodies became ...
Infection with Panton-Valentine leukocidin-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus t034.(DISPATCHES)
Aug 01, 2008; Welinder-Olsson, Christina ... Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), sequence type 398 is believed to be of animal origin. We report 2 cases of infection due to PVL-positive MRSA, spa type t034, in patients in Sweden who had had no animal contact. ...
Identification of residual blood proteins in ticks by mass spectrometry proteomics.(DISPATCHES)
Aug 01, 2008; Wickramasekara, Samanthi ... Mass spectrometry-based proteomics of individual ticks demonstrated persistence of mammalian host blood components, including [alpha]-and [beta]-globin chains, histones, and mitochondrial enzymes, in Ixodes scapularis and Amblyomma americanum ticks for months after molting. Residual host ...
Isolation and molecular characterization of Banna virus from mosquitoes, Vietnam.(DISPATCHES)
Aug 01, 2008; Nabeshima, Takeshi ... We isolated and characterized a Banna virus from mosquitoes in Vietnam; 5 strains were isolated from field-caught mosquitoes at various locations; Banna virus was previously isolated from encephalitis patients in Yunnan, China, in 1987. Together, these findings suggest widespread ...
Oseltamivir prescribing in pharmacy-benefits database, United States, 2004-2005.(DISPATCHES)
Aug 01, 2008; Ortiz, Justin R. ... We reviewed information from a US pharmacy benefits manager database from 2004 through 2005 during periods with little influenza activity. We calculated rates of oseltamivir prescriptions to enrollees. Prescription rates increased significantly from 27.3/100,000 in 2004 to 134/100,000 in ...
Cluster of falciparum malaria cases in UK airport.(DISPATCHES)
Aug 01, 2008; Rodger, Alison J. ... A cluster of 6 cases of Plasmodium falciparum malaria occurred in a UK airport among 30 travelers returning to the United States from East Africa. Molecular genotyping analysis indicated that all had been exposed to different parasites, The travelers' use of ehemoprophylaxis was poor; ...
Analysis of collection of hemolytic uremic syndrome--associated enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli.(DISPATCHES)
Aug 01, 2008; Mellmann, Alexander ... Multilocus sequence typing of 169 non-O157 enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) isolated from patients with hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) demonstrated 29 different sequence types (STs); 78.1% of these strains clustered in 5 STs. From all STs and serotypes identified, we established ...
Virus transfer from personal protective equipment to healthcare employees' skin and clothing.(DISPATCHES)
Aug 01, 2008; Casanova, Lisa ... We evaluated a personal protective equipment removal protocol designed to minimize wearer contamination with pathogens. Following this protocol often resulted in virus transfer to hands and clothing. An altered protocol or other measures are needed to prevent healthcare worker ...