Emerging Infectious Diseases back issues from June 2007:
Economic evaluation and catheter-related bloodstream infections.(PERSPECTIVE)(Clinical report)
Jun 01, 2007; ... Catheter-related bloodstream infections are a serious problem. Many interventions reduce risk, and some have been evaluated in cost-effectiveness studies. We review the usefulness and quality of these economic studies. Evidence is incomplete, and data required to inform a coherent policy ...
Levels of abnormal prion protein in deer and elk with chronic wasting disease.(RESEARCH)(Clinical report)
Jun 01, 2007; ... Chronic wasting disease (CWD) of deer and elk is a widespread health concern because its potential for cross-species transmission is undetermined. CWD prevalence in wild elk is much lower than its prevalence in wild deer, and whether CWD-infected deer and elk differ in ability to infect ...
West Nile virus viremia in eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus) sufficient for infecting different mosquitoes.(RESEARCH)(Clinical report)
Jun 01, 2007; ... In eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus) inoculated intramuscularly with [10.sup.1.5] to [10.sup.5.7] PFU of West Nile virus (WNV), serum titers developed sufficient to infect Aedes triseriatus (Say), Ae. vexans (Meigen), and Culex pipiens (L.). Mean titers (95% confidence interval) of 8 ...
Antimicrobial drug--resistant Escherichia coli from humans and poultry products, Minnesota and Wisconsin, 2002-2004.(RESEARCH)
Jun 01, 2007; ... The food supply, including poultry products, may transmit antimicrobial drug-resistant Escherichia coli to humans. To assess this hypothesis, 931 geographically and temporally matched E. coli isolates from human volunteers (hospital inpatients and healthy vegetarians) and commercial ...
Molecular characteristics and epidemiology of meningococcal carriage, Burkina Faso, 2003.(RESEARCH)(Clinical report)
Jun 01, 2007; ... To describe Neisseria meningitidis strains in the African meningitis belt in 2003, we obtained 2,389 oropharyngeal swabs at 5 monthly visits a representative population sample (age range 4-29 years) in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. A total of 152 carriage isolates were grouped, serotyped, ...
Incidence and cost of rotavirus hospitalizations in Denmark.(RESEARCH)(Clinical report)
Jun 01, 2007; ... In anticipation of licensure and introduction of rotavirus vaccine into the western market, we used modeling of national hospital registry data to determine the incidence and direct medical costs of annual rotavirus-associated admissions over >11 years in Denmark. Diarrhea-associated ...
Strategies to reduce person-to-person transmission during widespread Escherichia coli O157:H7 outbreak.(RESEARCH)
Jun 01, 2007; ... During the Escherichia coli O157:H7 outbreak in 2006 in the United States, the primary strategy to prevent illness was to advise consumers not to eat spinach. No widespread warnings were issued about preventing person-to-person (secondary) transmission. A disease transmission model, fitted ...
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy and spatial analysis of the feed industry.(RESEARCH)(Clinical report)
Jun 01, 2007; ... In France, despite the ban of meat-and-bone meal (MBM) in cattle feed, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) was detected in hundreds of cattle born after the ban. To study the role of MBM, animal fat, and dicalcium phosphate on the risk for BSE after the feed ban, we conducted a spatial ...
Minority-variant pfcrt K76T mutations and chloroquine resistance, Malawi.(RESEARCH)
Jun 01, 2007; ... Genotyping of the chloroquine-resistance biomarker pfcrt (Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter gene) suggests that, in the absence of chloroquine pressure, Plasmodium falciparum parasites in Malawi have reverted to chloroquine sensitivity. However, malaria infections in ...
Human alveolar echinococcosis after fox population increase, Switzerland.(RESEARCH)(Clinical report)
Jun 01, 2007; ... We analyzed databases spanning 50 years, which included retrospective alveolar echinococcosis (AE) case-finding studies and databases of the 3 major centers for treatment of AE in Switzerland. A total of 494 cases were recorded. Annual incidence of AE per 100,000 population increased from ...
Risk factors for imported fatal Plasmodium falciparum malaria, France, 1996-2003.(RESEARCH)
Jun 01, 2007; ... Plasmodium falciparum malaria is a serious health hazard for travelers to malaria-endemic areas and is often diagnosed on return to the country of residence. We conducted a retrospective study of imported falciparum malaria among travelers returning to France from malaria-endemic areas ...
Isolation and characterization of novel human parechovirus from clinical samples.(RESEARCH)(Clinical report)
Jun 01, 2007; ... Using Vero cells, we isolated a virus (NII561-2000) from a cerebrospinal fluid specimen of a 1-year-old girl with Reye syndrome. The determined amino acid sequence of the virus indicated that the isolate was a human parechovirus (HPeV), a member of Picornaviridae. Neutralization test ...
Melioidosis outbreak after typhoon, southern Taiwan.(DISPATCHES)
Jun 01, 2007; ... From July through September 2005, shortly after a typhoon, 40 cases of Burkholderia pseudomallei infection (melioidosis) were identified in southern Taiwan. Two genotypes that had been present in 2000 were identified by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Such a case cluster confirms that ...
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification for influenza A (H5N1) virus.(DISPATCHES)(Clinical report)
Jun 01, 2007; ... We describe a 1-step reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) viruses. The assay was tested by using a panel of highly pathogenic H5N1 subtypes isolated over the past 10 years and clinical specimens. The ...
Nosocomial buffalopoxvirus infection, Karachi, Pakistan.(DISPATCHES)
Jun 01, 2007; ... During 5 months in 2004-2005, buffalopoxvirus infection, confirmed by virus isolation and limited nucleic acid sequencing, spread between 5 burns units in Karachi, Pakistan. The outbreak was related to movement of patients between units. Control measures reduced transmission, but sporadic ...
Tickborne encephalitis in naturally exposed monkey (Macaca sylvanus).(DISPATCHES)(Clinical report)
Jun 01, 2007; ... We describe tickborne encephalitis (TBE) in a monkey (Macaca sylvanus) after natural exposure in an area at risk for TBE. TBE virus was present in the brain and could be identified as closely related to the European subtype, strain Neudoerfl. ********** Tickborne ...
Norovirus infection in children with acute gastroenteritis, Madagascar, 2004-2005.(DISPATCHES)(Clinical report)
Jun 01, 2007; ... Of 237 children with acute gastroenteritis in Antananarivo, Madagascar, during May 2004-May 2005, 14 ([approximately equal to] 6%) were infected with norovirus. Seasonality (November-December peak) was detected. Reverse transcription-PCR identified GII as the most common genogroup. GIs ...
Reemergence of Oropouche fever, Northern Brazil.(DISPATCHES)(Clinical report)
Jun 01, 2007; ... Oropouche fever has reemerged in Parauapebas and Porto de Moz municipalities, Para State, Brazil. Serologic analysis (immunoglobulin M-ELISA) and virus isolation confirmed Oropouche virus (OROV) in both municipalities. Nucleotide sequencing of 2 OROV isolates from each location indicated ...
Emergence of serotype G12 rotaviruses, Hungary.(DISPATCHES)(Clinical report)
Jun 01, 2007; ... We describe the emergence of serotype G12 rotaviruses (67 [6.9%] of 971 specimens tested) among children hospitalized with rotavirus gastroenteritis in Hungary during 2005. These findings are consistent with recent reports of the possible global spread and increasing epidemiologic ...
Meningitis serogroup W135 outbreak, Burkina Faso, 2002.(DISPATCHES)(Clinical report)
Jun 01, 2007; ... In 2002, the largest epidemic of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup W135 occurred in Burkina Faso. The highest attack rate was in children <5 years of age. We describe cases from 1 district and evaluate the performance of the Pastorex test, which had good sensitivity (84%) and specificity ...
Age and clinical dengue illness.(DISPATCHES)
Jun 01, 2007; ... The relationship between age and risk for classic dengue fever has never been quantified. We use data from clinical patients to show that the relative risk of having classical disease after primary dengue virus infection increases with age. This relationship has implications for strategies ...
Murine typhus in children, South Texas (1).(DISPATCHES)(Clinical report)
Jun 01, 2007; ... Children from South Texas were evaluated for immunoglobulin G to Rickettsia typhi, the causative agent of murine typhus. Of 513 children, 8.6% of those 1-5 years of age, 13.3% of those 6-11 years of age, and 13.8% of those 12-17 years of age had positive results. ********** ...
Full recovery from Baylisascaris procyonis eosinophilic meningitis.(DISPATCHES)
Jun 01, 2007; ... Infection by Baylisascaris procyonis is an uncommon but devastating cause of eosinophilic meningitis. We report the first case-patient, to our knowledge, who recovered from B. procyonis eosinophilic meningitis without any recognizable neurologic deficits. The spectrum of illness for this ...
Plasmodium malariae in Haitian refugees, Jamaica.(DISPATCHES)
Jun 01, 2007; ... Since 1963, reported malaria transmission in Haiti has been restricted to Plasmodium falciparum. However, screening of Haitian refugees in Jamaica in 2004, by microscopic examination, identified P. falciparum, P. vivax, and P. malariae. PCR confirmed the P. malariae and P. falciparum but ...
Endemic human monkeypox, Democratic Republic of Congo, 2001-2004.(DISPATCHES)(Clinical report)
Jun 01, 2007; ... By analyzing vesicle fluids and crusted scabs from 136 persons with suspected monkeypox, we identified 51 cases of monkeypox by PCR, sequenced the hemagglutinin gene, and confirmed 94% of cases by virus culture. PCR demonstrated chickenpox in 61 patients. Coinfection with both viruses was ...
Bartonella species in blood of immunocompetent persons with animal and arthropod contact.(DISPATCHES)(Clinical report)
Jun 01, 2007; ... Using PCR in conjunction with pre-enrichment culture, we detected Bartonella henselae and B. vinsonii subspecies berkhoffii in the blood of 14 immunocompetent persons who had frequent animal contact and arthropod exposure. ********** Attempts to isolate Bartonella ...
Wound botulism in injection drug users.(Letter to the editor)(Clinical report)
Jun 01, 2007; ... To the Editor: Infections are the most frequent and serious wound complications in injection drug users (IDUs). Wound botulism is primarily caused by Clostridium botulinum (1) and was first observed in IDUs in New York in 1982 (2). It results from the introduction of C. botulinum spores ...
Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii.(Letter to the editor)(Clinical report)
Jun 01, 2007; ... To the Editor: In the January 2007 issue of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Sunenshine et al. (1) described their finding of an independent association between patients with multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter infection and increased hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay ...
Serogroup X in meningococcal disease, Western Kenya.(Letter to the editor)(Clinical report)
Jun 01, 2007; ... To the Editor: Although >12 different serogroups of Neisseria meningitidis exist, most disease outbreaks across the African meningitis epidemic belt are caused by serogroup A and, less frequently, by serogroups C and W135 (1). N. meningitidis serogroup X was first described in the 1960s ...
Imported cutaneous melioidosis in traveler, Belgium.(Letter to the editor)(Clinical report)
Jun 01, 2007; ... To the Editor: In some tropical areas, melioidosis, a disease caused by infection with Burkholderia pseudomallei, results in sepsis (1). This disease affects mostly adults with an underlying predisposing condition (2). With the increase in international travel, melioidosis has been ...
Coronaviruses in children, Greece.(LETTERS)(Letter to the editor)
Jun 01, 2007; ... To the Editor: Two recently detected human coronaviruses (HCoVs), NL63 and HKU 1, increased the number of coronaviruses known to infect humans to 5 (1-3). HCoV-229E and HCoV-NL63 belong to antigenic group 1, HCoV-OC43 and HCoVHKU1 belong to antigenic group 2, and severe acute respiratory ...
Bartonella DNA in loggerhead sea turtles.(Letter to the editor)
Jun 01, 2007; ... To the Editor: Bartonella are fastidious, aerobic, gram-negative, facultative, intracellular bacteria that infect erythrocytes, erythroblasts, endothelial cells, monocytes, and dendritic cells, and are transmitted by arthropod vectors or by animal scratches or bites (16). Currently, 20 ...
Human Oestrus sp. infection, Canary Islands.(Letter to the editor)
Jun 01, 2007; ... To the Editor: Myiasis due to Oestrus ovis is a well known zoonosis that affects a variety of animals. Human myiasis has also been described and affects mainly persons in rural areas such as shepherds (1) and farmers (2). Although this disease has been reported in both humans and mammals ...
European hedgehogs as hosts for Borrelia spp., Germany.(Letter to the editor)
Jun 01, 2007; ... To the Editor: The European hedgehog, Erinaceus europaeus, is known to host a variety of tickborne pathogens, including the virus that causes tickborne encephalitis (1) and at least 3 species of the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato group: B. burgdorferi sensu stricto, B. afzelii, and B ....
Invasive cryptococcosis and adalimumab treatment.(LETTERS)(Letter to the editor)
Jun 01, 2007; ... To the Editor: Tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) antagonists are immunosuppressants that have shown efficacy in treating inflammatory disorders. However, a recent meta-analysis of controlled trials has shown evidence of increased risk for serious infections in patients with rheumatoid ...
Determining risk factors for infection with influenza A (H5N1).(LETTERS)(Letter to the editor)
Jun 01, 2007; ... To the Editor: Novel antigenic subtypes of influenza viruses have been introduced periodically into the human population, resulting in large-scale global outbreaks (1). Highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) viruses reemerged in 2003. Since then, they have reached endemic levels among ...
Ilheus virus isolate from a human, Ecuador.(Letter to the editor)
Jun 01, 2007; ... To the Editor: Ilheus virus (ILHV) (genus Flavivirus in the Ntaya antigenic complex) is most closely related to Rocio virus. However, antibodies produced during ILHV infection cross-react in serologic assays to other flavivirus antigens, and ILHV was originally classified in the Japanese ...
Prions: The New Biology of Proteins.(Book review)
Jun 01, 2007; ... Prions: The New Biology of Proteins Claudio Soto CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, 2005 ISBN: 9780849314421 Pages: 184; Price: US $139.95 Prions are believed to be the causative agents of a group of rapidly progressive neurodegenerative diseases called ...
Battle of the Genomes: The Struggle for Survival in a Microbial World.(Book review)
Jun 01, 2007; ... Battle of the Genomes: The Struggle for Survival in a Microbial World H.M. Lachman Science Publishers, Enfield, New Hampshire, USA, 2006 ISBN: 1578084326 Pages: 334; Price: US $29.95 Although this book's title promises the excitement of a 21st-century computer game, the cover ...
Atlas of Human Parasitology, 5th Edition.(Brief article)(Book review)
Jun 01, 2007; ... Atlas of Human Parasitology, 5th Edition Lawrence R. Ash and Thomas C. Orihel American Society for Clinical Pathology Press, Chicago, Illinois, USA, 2007 ISBN: 0891891676 Pages: 525; Price: US $200.00 The 5th edition of Ash and Orihel's Atlas of Human Parasitology is a superb, ...
Food Safety: Old Habits, New Perspectives.(Book review)
Jun 01, 2007; ... Food Safety: Old Habits, New Perspectives Phyllis Entis ASM Press, Herndon, Virginia, USA, 2007 ISBN: 9781555814175 Pages: 414; Price: US $49.95 Anyone who works in food safety sooner or later discovers that one of the most valuable tools for prevention is simply reading about ...
"What did I do to be so black and blue?" (1).(ABOUT THE COVER)(Cover story)
Jun 01, 2007; ... "What Did I Do to Be so Black and Blue?" (1) --Louis Armstrong "Our homes were very decorative, full of ... pattern ... color .... The people used this as a means of brightening their life," said Jacob Lawrence, attributing his love of vibrant color design to his ...
Upcoming infectious disease activities.(NEWS & NOTES)(Calendar)
Jun 01, 2007 ... June 17-23, 2007 Options for the Control of Influenza VI Toronto, Ontario, Canada http://www.optionsviconference.com June 24-28, 2007 Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology 34th Annual Conference and ...