European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care back issues from June 2004:
Contraceptive use and behavior in the 21st century: a comprehensive study across five European countries
Jun 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Objective The choice of currently available contraceptive methods has increased considerably in recent years, offering women of reproductive age a variety of different methods dependent on their needs and lifestyle. In order to determine the pattern of use of current methods in ...
Resistance against contraception or medical contraceptive methods: a qualitative study on women and men in Istanbul
Jun 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Objectives This research was carried out to reveal the attitudes of men and women about contraception in the Umraniye district of Istanbul. Methods Focus group discussions were used for data collection. Data from 20 groups of married people (ten groups of men and ten of ...
Family planning in the Southeast Anatolian Project Region
Jun 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate contraceptive use by women of reproductive age in the Southeast Anatolian Project Region and the promotion of the use of family planning services. Methods An optimum sample size to represent the rural and urban area of the ...
The role of combined oral contraceptives in the management of acne and seborrhea
Jun 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Acne and seborrhea (or facial oiliness) are related androgenic skin disorders which affect a high proportion of women after menarche. They can have a negative effect on psychological well-being and social life. Androgens play an important role in the pathogenesis of acne through ...
The condom in relation to prevention of sexually transmitted infections and as a contraceptive method in Sweden
Jun 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Objective To analyze in detail the latest Swedish population survey regarding condom use in order to gain a deeper knowledge of the characteristics of women and men using or not using condoms at a time when the number of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) had started to ...
Cytomegalovirus excretion in pregnant women in the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey
Jun 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Aim The study was carried out to determine the viral excretion rate of cytomegalovirus (CMV) in pregnant women in the eastern Black Sea region of Turkey, and to observe how it compared with that in western countries. Method Cervical excretion of cytomegalovirus by ...
Knowledge and attitudes towards emergency contraception of health-care providers in a region with a high birth rate
Jun 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Objective To assess the knowledge of, attitude towards and practices of emergency contraception among health-care providers at a university hospital located in a region with a high birth rate. Methods The survey was conducted among 214 health-care providers working at a ...
STIs - trends and epidemiology
Jun 01, 2004; ... Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a major public health problem in Europe. Their substantial morbidity and disproportionate burden upon women, marginalized communities, and those with high-risk sexual lifestyles continue to drive their prioritisation in European public health ....
Integrated sexual health services
Jun 01, 2004; ... Integrated sexual health services are designed to overcome the problems of the separation of medical specialisation - across most of Europe - between Gynaecology and (Demiato)-Venereology, which had disadvantages for women's health. An holistic approach takes the patient's needs as the central ...
Benefit and harm
Jun 01, 2004; ... On 25 May 1905 in London, Professor Sir Dugald Baird of Aberdeen delivered a lecture entitled 77»· l:ijtii freedom. Published in the UMJ, it became a classic. To Roosevelt's (bur freedoms - freedom of speech and worship and freedom from want and fear - Baird added a fifth: "freedom from the ...
Contraception from a holistic perspective - a user view
Jun 01, 2004; ... Patients, consumers, users, clients are all terms for women and men who receive sexual health services. The reality is whatever we call people we see for information, advice, support and treatment - without them we would have no role. The last 30 years has seen a huge change in the availability ...
Holistic approach to contraception - the role of provider
Jun 01, 2004; ... Holistic medicine is a system of health care which fosters a co-operative relationship among all those involved from those that require the service to all staff involved, leading towards optimal attainment of health and well being. With internet access and a more and often better informed ...
Contraception - the holistic approach regarding services - sustainable contraceptive health care: how, who, where
Jun 01, 2004; ... The health care system in a given country is organized on the basis of historical development ot the society, governmental policy and professionals and their interests. The political philosophy dictates whether the health care is totally dependent on the government as it was in Eastern ...
Opportunistic screening for Chlamydia trachomatis: establishing the national chlamydia screening programme in England
Jun 01, 2004; ... Background: The evidence for the potential damage from untreated genital chlamydial infection in women is strong. Epidemiologie studies have found high levels of asymptomatic infection among women and men. Local communities, regional health authorities, and national governments have developed a ...
Ethics/psychology
Jun 01, 2004; ... The ethical aspects of screening in sexual healthcare are often problematic for the clinician. Opposing ethical concepts can highlight conflict between the benefits to the individual and the good of society. The impact on the individual patient of screening is very important and is often ...
Hormonal contraceptives for the medical treatment of endometriosis
Jun 01, 2004; ... Drugs used in the treatment of cndomctriosis are not cytorcductivc and quiescent implants have keen demonstrated in nearly all women treated with danazol, GnRH agonists and progestogens. Medical therapy is symptomatic and pain release at treatment suspension is the rule. Hormonal ...
Health benefits - breast and bone
Jun 01, 2004; ... The evidence for non-contraceptive benefits of hormonal contraception on breast and bone relates only to the combined oral contraceptive pill (COC). Most reviews on the topic state that the pill is associated with a reduced risk of benign breast disease (BBD) and that it is 'good for ...
Non-contraceptive effects - dysfunctional uterine bleeding
Jun 01, 2004; ... Menstrual disorders such as menorraghia and dysmenorrhea have been reported to seriously affect approximately 2.5 million women annually in the USA and cost US industry 8% of the total wage bill. Dysmenorrhea is probably the commonest form of menstrual disorder with a reported prevalence of ...
Abortion methods: European issues
Jun 01, 2004; ... Currently 3 methods are available Rir Unit trimester termination of pregnancy: surgical under general anaesthesia, surgical under local anaesthesia and medical. Interestingly, the frequency of these 3 methods vanes tremendously by country and also by region within a given country. The ...
Ethical and global aspects of abortion
Jun 01, 2004; ... Abortion, legal as well as illegal, has been known from ancient times. Probably since then pros and cons have been debated, and political as well as religious systems have stated their points of view very often, also in recent decades. For several decades a variety of Western societies ...
Abortion; influencing politics
Jun 01, 2004; ... Abortion is a response to unwanted pregnancy, and is a consequence of poor sexual education and poor (or unavailable) family planning services. As it is well known, yearly number of abortion all over the world, approach the number of 50 million. 40% of them are illegal and unsafe. Everyday more ...
Determinants of sexual and reproductive behaviour
Jun 01, 2004; ... Sexuality ami procreation in western societies have become more and more dissociated. Whereas in traditional Christian normative beliefs sexuality only existed in service of procreation it is estimated that approximately 95% of all human sexual encounters take place because of hedonistic motives ...
Individual risk perception in STI prevention
Jun 01, 2004; ... This communication reviews different approaches used to analyse the process of risk construction as concerns the sexual transmission of 1ST. Individualistic approaches focus on understanding how individual risk representation is constructed. Gonstructivist approaches consider that the process of ...
Diversity in sexual health: problems and dilemmas
Jun 01, 2004; ... The increase of migrant populations within western European societies leads to specific problems and dilemmas in the area of sexual and reproductive health and service provision. Specific groups differ with respect to their cultural background, religion, migration history and present living ...
The English national strategy for sexual health and HIV - working towards implementation
Jun 01, 2004; ... Introduction: The first ever National Strategy for Sexual Health and HIV was published for consultation on 27th July 2001. A 27-point Implementation Action Plan was published in june 2002. Key aims of the Strategy are to * reduce the transmission of HIV and Sexually Transmitted ...
Organisation of (specific) services
Jun 01, 2004; ... The author reports about an advisory centre for pregnancy, conflict of pregnancy, family planning, contraception, and interruption, called Profamilia chorweiler e.V. (e.V. means: 'registered society'), placed in a district of Cologne, where more than half of the inhabitants are not German ...
How do we communicate risk?
Jun 01, 2004; ... Wc do it badly, fur two quite different reasons: (1) the concept of probability of harm is difficult to convey and explain clearly, particularly in a brief consultation, and (2) we use the word 'risk' as a euphemism for 'harm', though strictly it denotes only 'probability'. We must ...
How we measure risk in epidemiological terms?
Jun 01, 2004; ... The word risk is used in many different and frequently misunderstood ways. The different types of risk used in epidemiology and public health will be defined and ...
Coping with scares
Jun 01, 2004; ... Synthetic sex steroid hormones have extensively been employed fur a great variety of indications, such as menstrual cycle disturbances, rnenopausal complaints, infertility, threatened or recurrent abortion, endometriosis, acne, adjuvant treatment of breast cancer and others. Substantial ...
New progestins
Jun 01, 2004; ... The progcstins have different pharmacologie properties depending upon the parent molecule, usually testosterone or progesterone, from which they are derived. Very small structural changes in the parent molecule may induce considerable differences in the activity of the derivative. The ...
Male steroidal contraception
Jun 01, 2004; ... Contraceptive methods for men have nut benefited from the advances in steroid chemistry in the last half century. This provides a stark contrast to female methods, which have bee» transformed and are available in a range of preparations enhancing compliance and efEcacy. Potential approaches to ...
Removal techniques for deep sub-dermal, sub-fascial & intramuscular Implanon contraceptive implants: Experience of a Fertility Control Unit
Jun 01, 2004; ... SESSION 1: DIFFERENT CONTRACEPTION METHODS Introduction: Implanon was launched in the United Kingdom in September 1999. Since then, thousands of women have used the implants, providing the women, their carers, and the manufacturers a wealth of post-marketing experience of the use of the ...
Study on the effects of a single implant containing nomegestrol acetate (UNIPLANT) on the hormonal profile, endometrial morphology and ultrasonographic evaluation of ovarian function
Jun 01, 2004; ... Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a single silastic implant containing 55 mg ±10% of nomegestrol acetate on the hormonal profile, endometrial morphology, cervical mucus, maturation index and evaluation of ovarian function by vaginal sonography, during one ...
A new highly effective subcutaneous contraceptive injection
Jun 01, 2004; ... Objectives: To assess [he efficacy, safety, and acceptability of a new formulation of depot medroxyprogesteronc acetate subcutaneous injection (DMl-1A-SC) administered every 3 months (12 to 13 weeks). Design & Methods: This phase 3, open-label, noncomparator, multinational, ...
A randomised controlled trial to determine the impact of fertility awareness education on the behaviour, knowledge and attitudes of condom users
Jun 01, 2004; ... This study was a collaborative effort between the University of Oxford and Georgetown University, Washington I)G. Aim: To assess the impact of fertility education on the behaviour, knowledge and attitudes of condom users. Design: A randomised controlled trial. Setting: ...
A comparison of Pearl indices and cumulative incidences for use in meta-analysis of contraception trials
Jun 01, 2004; ... Objectives: One of the issues encountered when performing meta-analysis of contraceptive trials is the variable way in which the outcomes are reported, as cumulative rates (Kaplan Meier curves), single or multiple decrement life-tables rates, or Pearl indices (events per 100 women-years). The ...
Ease of insertion, contraceptive efficacy and safety of new T-shaped levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine systems - First clinical report
Jun 01, 2004; ... Objective: The objective of the study is to evaluate ease of insertion, contraceptive performance and safety, in parous and nulliparous women, of two new T-shaped levonorgestrel (LNG)-releasing intrauterine systems (T-LNG-IUS), Femilis(TM) LNG-IUS and Femilis(TM) Slim LNG-IUS, releasing 20 µg of ...
Living comfort at 1 year after placement of subcutaneous etonorgestrel
Jun 01, 2004; ... The ctonogcstrcl iniplant contraceptive device (Iniplanon) was placed in the upper arm of 188 women in 2001 at the outpatient gynecology clinic of the general hospital of Tienen, Belgium. Patients were asked to fill out a questionnaire at placement and again at one year after placement ....
Contraceptive choice for young people
Jun 01, 2004; ... SESSION 2: SPECIAL GROUPS Introduction: Clinicians suggest that use of long-acting contraceptive methods such as Evra the contraceptive patch, NuvaRing the contraceptive vaginal ring and Implanon the contraceptive implant may help reduce teenage pregnancy rates. However, little is known ...
Use of alcohol among users of a Young People's Sexual Health Service
Jun 01, 2004; ... The use of alcohol by young people, and its links to antisocial and risk-taking behaviour, has been the subject of much government and media attention. Links to sexual risk-taking have been shown in some studies and not in others. In an effort to discover whether this link was important to our ...
VIP - Very Important Persons use contraception! Evaluation of a sexual education intervention among upper secondary school students in Sweden
Jun 01, 2004; ... Introduction: Swedish upper asecondary schools offer theoretical programs preparing the students for university studies and vocational programs preparing for various hand-craft professions. Investigations have shown that students on vocational programs have sexual intercourse at earlier ages and ...
Reported behavioural outcomes from RCT of a specially designed teacher-delivered sex education programme (SHARE) in Scotland: outcomes 2.5 years post-intervention
Jun 01, 2004; ... Objectives: Despite widespread support for school sex education, evidence of effectiveness from rigorous evaluations is still very limited. The purpose of this is to add to the current evidence by presenting the results of a R(IT that rigorously evaluated the effectiveness of a ...
Teen4.info: a qualitative study to develop and evaluate of a reproductive health website developed in partnership with teenagers and young parents from Oxford and Great Yarmouth
Jun 01, 2004; ... Introduction: The UK has the highest incidence of teenage pregnancy in Europe, which contributes to a high proportion of socially disadvantaged single parents. In addition to unhealthy lifestyles many are also infrequent attendees of antenatal health care systems and have poor pregnancy and ...
Effects of a gender-specific sexual health promotion program ('female doctor's lesson') in schools
Jun 01, 2004; ... Introduction: Numbers of pregnancies and abortions in young girls - particularly in very young girls from 1Uto14 years of age - have increased rapidly since 1996. Girls in that age group seem to overestimate their knowledge concerning sexuality, pregnancy and contraception as well as ...
Contraceptive behaviour: a psychoanalytic point of view
Jun 01, 2004; ... SESSION 3: IMPROVING ACCESS TO SERVICES Since modern contraception (M(I) developed, acceptability became a tool to seek an answer to what goes on in the 'black box' of contraceptive decisions: why a particular method is chosen; to use, not use or to misuse a contraceptive; why failures ...
'GO ASK EDITH': achieving a holistic approach to sexual health through Knowledge Management
Jun 01, 2004; ... Introduction: Knowledge Management is a multi disciplined approach to achieving organisational objectives by making the best use of knowledge. PPA Health has developed a knowledge management strategy to improve reproductive and sexual health outcomes for it's target population. Through designing ...
A termination of pregnancy Care Pathway: worth the effort?
Jun 01, 2004; ... Introduction: Termination of Pregnancy services in Hull were centralised under one consultant in 1994/5. This included a central booking line and a clinic doctors' perfbrma. However, co-ordination of elements of the service was difficult, duplication of work was evident and some aspects of the ...
The reproductive health needs of Somali women affected by female genital mutilation living in Manchester, United Kingdom
Jun 01, 2004; ... Background: Female genital mutilation (FGM), usually type 3 (the most severe form), affects over 90% of Somali women. FGM is illegal in the UK. There is a rapidly increasing Somali population in Manchester. In other parts of the UK, special African Well Woman Clinics have been set up to provide ...
How good is the provision of sexual health services for young people across England?
Jun 01, 2004; ... Background: One of the aims of the national Teenage Pregnancy Strategy in England is to halve under -IH conception rates by 2010. Improving provision of contraceptive services for young people is a major component of the strategy. Objective: to present a national picture of contraceptive ...
Improving access to abortion services: a local model
Jun 01, 2004; ... Local difficulties: Access to local services was poorly co-ordinated with considerable frustration and inconvenience to GPs, users and staff providing the service. There was very limited support for ultrasound scan services. There was also a limited choice of methods as only 23% of pregnancy ...
Self-administration of Depot Provera (DMPA) - the way forward?
Jun 01, 2004; ... SESSION 4: NEWDEVELOPMENTS IN CONTRACEPTION, SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH Introduction: Depo Provera (DMPA) is a popular method of contraception m the UK, but the need to attend for injection every 12 weeks involves costs to the health service and inconvenience to the user. A ...
A collaborative clinic between contraception and sexual health services and the adult congenital heart disease clinic
Jun 01, 2004; ... Background: The success of cardiac surgery has created a new medical community - the 'grown-up' congenital heart patients. Women with congenital heart disease may need specialist advice about contraception and pregnancy. Objective: To investigate whether women with congenital heart ...
Vaginohysteroscopic approach for Essure® procedure: the experience of 317 cases
Jun 01, 2004; ... Objective: To analyze the results of 317 cases of Essure " procedure in two Spanish hospitals in terms of efficacy, safety and patients' satisfaction. Design and methods: Retrospective observational study undergone between November 2002 and January 2004. Three-hundred and seventeen women ...
A live 3D ultrasound system with colour Doppler to study the effect of sildenafil on erectile performance in patients with chronic and serious diseases presenting with erectile dysfunction
Jun 01, 2004; ... Introduction: Patients with chronic and serious diseases (CSD), have a higher incidence of erectile dysfunction (El)) affecting 60-80% of survivors. As the pathophysiology is poorly understood, GSl) men with El) often remain undiagnosed and untreated with significant affection of their quality ...
Can we trust symptoms?
Jun 01, 2004; ... Introduction: It is a common experience among gynaecologists that there is often a discrepancy between symptoms and signs with regard to diseases affecting the lower genital tract (LGTI), for example. Objectives: To correlate symptoms reported by women who had attended for contraceptive ...
Maintenance of spermatogenic suppression by etonogestrel implants with depot testosterone
Jun 01, 2004; ... Objective: Testosterone/progestogen combinations are currently the most promising approach to hormonal male contraception. We here investigated the effectiveness of the etonogestrel implant Implanon40 in combination with androgen replacement using testosterone pellets in maintaining ...
Novial® effectively reduces seborrhea and acne after four cycles of treatment
Jun 01, 2004; ... Objective: Scborrhca is a pre-condition to acne, characterized by oily skin and greasy hair. The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of an oral contraceptive (Novial "·) on racial seborrhea and acne compared with no hormonal treatment. Design and methods: In this ...
Maintenance of consistent ovulation inhibition with the 75 mcg desogestrel-only contraceptive pill Cerazette® after scheduled 12-hour delays in tablet-intake
Jun 01, 2004; ... Introduction: Gerazette® is an e.strogen-free, desogestrel-only contraceptive pill which (lifters from existing progestagen-only pills (POPs) in providing consistent ovulation inhibition. Traditional POPs primarily rely on the induction of a viscous cervical mucus, which hampers the penetration ...
Sexual behaviour and use of contraception among adolescents in Sweden
Jun 01, 2004; ... SESSION 5: EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION - SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR Aim: To investigate sexual behaviour among high school students in Sweden and to study if pornography has any influences on their sexual behaviour. Method: A cross sectional survey. 718 students, from 47 high school classes in ...
Impact of common contraceptive methods on sexuality - a study in Hong Kong Chinese women
Jun 01, 2004; ... Background: The combined oral contraceptive ((1OC) pills, injectables, intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) and female sterilization are the most common contraceptive methods used by women. Women's choice, compliance and satisfaction with the specific contraceptive methods are influenced by ...
Community pharmacy supply of emergency contraception: changes in user profiles over time
Jun 01, 2004; ... Introduction: The success of pharmacy availability of Hormonal Emergency Contraception (EHCl) has been demonstrated in the south London boroughs of Lambeth, Southwark and Lewisham through an innovative Health Action Zone (HAZ) pilot project. The project aimed to increase awareness of and access ...
Introduction of a 24-hour toll-free hotline for Youth Emergency Contraceptive services in a developing country
Jun 01, 2004; ... Introduction: EaHy evidence suggests that abortion rates among adolescents drop following access to information and use of emergency contraception (E(I). In a survey among women requesting termination of pregnancy (TOP) at Tygerberg Hospital (TUH), 40% had no knowledge of EC and 36% heard about ...
Emergency contraception and the media: an analysis of English national and regional newspaper coverage from September 2000 to September 2003
Jun 01, 2004; ... Background: In 1999, the Teenage Pregnancy Strategy was launched with the aims of halving under-IM conception rates and reducing social exclusion among teenage parents in England by 2010. The prevention of teenage pregnancy forms one of four major components of the Strategy. Improving ...
The remaining barriers to the use of emergency contraception: perception of pregnancy risk among women undergoing induced abortions
Jun 01, 2004; ... Objective: The purpose of this study is to assess the remaining barners of emergency contraception (EC) use in a context of expanded access (available over the counter) and high awareness about EC, in a population of women presenting for pregnancy termination. Particular attention will be drawn ...
Advance provision of emergency contraception through Family Planning Clinics: a feasibility study
Jun 01, 2004; ... Background: Oral Emergency Contraception (EC) is safe and effective. The earlier treatment is started after the episode of risk, the more effective it is likely to be. However, current organisation of family planning services limits access to EC out of hours. on weekends and holidays. Access has ...