Recently added articles from Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology:
External Influences on Nocturnal Thermally Driven Flows in a Deep Valley
Jan 01, 2009; ... ABSTRACT The dynamics that govern the evolution of nighttime flows in a deep valley, California's Owens Valley, are analyzed. Measurements from the Terrain-Induced Rotor Experiment (T-REX) reveal a pronounced valleywind system with often nonclassical flow evolution. Two cases with a weak ...
Twenty Years of Polar Winds from AVHRR: Validation and Comparison with ERA-40
Jan 01, 2009; ... ABSTRACT Recent studies have shown that the Arctic climate has changed markedly over the past 20 years. Two major reanalysis products that can be used for studying recent changes unfortunately exhibit relatively large errors in the wind field over the Arctic where there are few ...
Freezing Drizzle Detection with WSR-88D Radars
Jan 01, 2009; ... ABSTRACT This study describes a freezing drizzle detection algorithm based on the Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) measured radar reflectivity. Although radar returns from freezing drizzle and light snow are similar - <5 dBZ and spatially uniform - freezing drizzle ...
Sensitivity Study of Cloud-Resolving Convective Simulations with WRF Using Two Bulk Microphysical Parameterizations: Ice-Phase Microphysics versus Sedimentation Effects
Jan 01, 2009; ... ABSTRACT This study examines the relative importance of ice-phase microphysics and sedimentation velocity for hydrometeors in bulk microphysics schemes. The two bulk microphysics schemes having the same number of prognostic water substances, the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) ...
Finescale Evaluation of Drought in a Tropical Setting: Case Study in Sri Lanka
Jan 01, 2009; ... ABSTRACT In regions of climatic heterogeneity, finescale assessment of drought risk is needed for policy making and drought management, mitigation, and adaptation. The relationship between drought relief payments (a proxy for drought risk) and meteorological drought indicators is ...
A 5-yr 40-km-Resolution Global Climatology of Superrefraction for Ground-Based Weather Radars
Jan 01, 2009; ... ABSTRACT The propagation of electromagnetic waves emitted from ground-based meteorological radars is determined by the stratification of the atmosphere. In extreme superrefractive situations characterized by strong temperature inversions or strong vertical gradients of moisture, the ...
On the Relationship between North Atlantic Sea Surface Temperatures and U.S. Hurricane Landfall Risk
Jan 01, 2009; ... ABSTRACT In the recent literature, considerable attention has been paid to the relationship between climate signals and tropical cyclone activity. Much of the research has focused on Atlantic Ocean basin activity while less attention has been given to landfall frequency and the ...
A Spatial Analysis of Radar Reflectivity Regions within Hurricane Charley (2004)
Jan 01, 2009; ... ABSTRACT Regions of 35-dBZ radar reflectivity returns are examined within a landfalling hurricane to determine whether these regions are composed of stratiform, convective, or transition-type precipitation. After calculating spatial attributes of the reflectivity regions such as ...
Neural Network Model to Predict a Storm Surge
Jan 01, 2009; ... ABSTRACT The southeastern coast of Brazil is frequently affected by meteorological disturbances such as cold fronts, which are sometimes associated with intense extratropical cyclones. These disturbances cause oscillations on the sea surface, generating low-frequency motions. The ...
Discontinuities due to Joining Precipitation Station Observations in Canada
Jan 01, 2009; ... ABSTRACT When a climatological station is relocated or is closing, it is often possible to join the climate observations of a nearby site to create a longer time series. However, joining climate observations can sometimes introduce artificial discontinuity that affects the trend. A ...
Evaluation of Satellite Estimates of Land Surface Temperature from GOES over the United States
Jan 01, 2009; ... ABSTRACT A comprehensive evaluation of split-window and triple-window algorithms to estimate land surface temperature (LST) from Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) that were previously described by Sun and Pinker is presented. The evaluation of the split-window ...
CORRIGENDUM
Jan 01, 2009; ... Because of a production error, the author affiliations in "Uncertainties in Air Toxics Calculated by the Dispersion Models AERMOD and ISCST3 in the Houston Ship Channel Area," by Steven R. Hanna, Robert Paine, David Heinold, Elizabeth Kintigh, and Dan Baker, which appeared in the Journal of ...
Modeling Optical Turbulence and Seeing over Mauna Kea: Verification and Algorithm Refinement*
Dec 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT An optical turbulence algorithm has been running operationally since April 2005 at the Mauna Kea Weather Center. The algorithm makes use of information on turbulence kinetic energy provided by a planetary boundary layer scheme available in the Pennsylvania State University-NCAR ...
An Empirical Analysis of Bulk C^sup 2^^sub n^ Models over Water
Dec 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT This article examines some of the difficulties associated with the determination of C^sup 2^^sub n^ over water in a coastal region using a bulk model. The analysis shows the need to supplement bulk models with elements that do not belong to traditional Monin-Obukhov ...
A Fast Three-Dimensional Approximation for the Calculation of Surface Irradiance in Large-Eddy Simulation Models
Dec 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Cloud-resolving models-in particular, large-eddy simulation (LES) models-are important tools to improve the understanding of cloud-radiation interactions. A method is presented for accurate, yet fast, three-dimensional calculation of surface shortwave irradiance within an LES ...
A Local Ensemble Prediction System for Fog and Low Clouds: Construction, Bayesian Model Averaging Calibration, and Validation
Dec 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT At main international airports, air traffic safety and economic issues related to poor visibility conditions are crucial. Meteorologists face the challenge of supplying airport authorities with accurate forecasts of fog and cloud ceiling. These events are difficult to forecast ...
Storms and Lightning Activity in Greece during the Warm Periods of 2003-06
Dec 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Lightning activity over Greece during the warm season (May-September) of the years 2003-06 is investigated in relation to the synoptic meteorological conditions that prevailed in the region. The study is based on the use of cloud-to-ground lightning activity data from the Met ...
L-Moment Estimators as Applied to Gamma Drop Size Distributions
Dec 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT The traditional approach with experimental raindrop size data has been to use the method of moments in the fitting procedure to estimate the parameters for the raindrop size distribution function. However, the moment method is known to be biased and can have substantial errors ....
Sensitivity of Low-Level Winds Simulated by the WRF Model in California's Central Valley to Uncertainties in the Large-Scale Forcing and Soil Initialization
Dec 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT The sensitivity of the Weather and Research Forecasting (WRF) model-simulated low-level winds in the Central Valley (CV) of California to uncertainties in the atmospheric forcing and soil initialization is investigated using scatter diagrams for a 5-day period in which ...
Optimization of the Regional Spatial Distribution of Wind Power Plants to Minimize the Variability of Wind Energy Input into Power Supply Systems
Dec 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT In contrast to conventional power generation, wind energy is not a controllable resource because of its stochastic nature, and the cumulative energy input of several wind power plants into the electric grid may cause undesired fluctuations in the power system. To mitigate this ...