Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology back issues from November 2008:
A Nonstationary Extreme Value Analysis for the Assessment of Changes in Extreme Annual Wind Speed over the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada
Nov 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Changes in the extreme annual wind speed in and around the Gulf of St. Lawrence (Canada) were investigated through a nonstationary extreme value analysis of the annual maximum 10-m wind speed obtained from the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) dataset as well as observed ...
Development of an Aerosol Retrieval Method: Description and Preliminary Tests
Nov 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT A cloud-nucleating aerosol retrieval method was developed. It allows the estimation of ice-forming nuclei and cloud condensation nuclei (IFN and CCN) for regions in which boundary layer clouds prevail. The method is based on the assumption that the periodical assimilation of ...
Some Influences of Background Flow Conditions on the Generation of Turbulence due to Gravity Wave Breaking above Deep Convection
Nov 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Deep moist convection generates turbulence in the clear air above and around developing clouds, penetrating convective updrafts and mature thunderstorms. This turbulence can be due to shearing instabilities caused by strong flow deformations near the cloud top, and also to ...
An Intercomparison of Model Simulations and VPR Estimates of the Vertical Structure of Warm Stratiform Rainfall during TWP-ICE
Nov 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT A model of rain shaft microphysics that solves the stochastic advection-coalescence-breakup equation in an atmospheric column was used to simulate the evolution of a stratiform rainfall event during the Tropical Warm Pool-International Cloud Experiment (TWP-ICE) in Darwin, ...
The Effect of Clustering on the Uncertainty of Differential Reflectivity Measurements
Nov 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT One of the most important avenues of recent meteorological radar research is the application of polarization techniques to improve radar rainfall estimation. A keystone in many of these methods is the so-called differential reflectivity Z^sub DR^, the ratio of the reflectivity ...
An Upper Threshold of Enhanced Global Shortwave Irradiance in the Troposphere Derived from Field Measurements in Tropical Mountains
Nov 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Extraordinarily high values of global irradiance (up to 1832 W m^sup -2^) incident upon a horizontal surface were observed during a 4-yr meteorological field campaign in the southern Ecuadorian Andes Mountains (4°S). The unexpected magnitude gave rise to a thorough revision of ...
On the Use of Cool Materials as a Heat Island Mitigation Strategy
Nov 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT The mitigation of the heat island effect can be achieved by the use of cool materials that are characterized by high solar reflectance and infrared emittance values. Several types of cool materials have been tested and their optical and thermal properties reveal that these ...
Plume Dispersion Anomalies in a Nocturnal Urban Boundary Layer in Complex Terrain
Nov 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT The URBAN 2000 experiments were conducted in the complex urban and topographical terrain in Salt Lake City, Utah, in stable nighttime conditions. Unexpected plume dispersion often arose because of the interaction of complex terrain and mountain-valley flow dynamics, drainage ...
A Comparison Study of Three Polar Grids
Nov 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT The circumference of a latitude circle decreases toward the Poles, making it difficult to present meteorological field variables on equally spaced grids with respect to latitude and longitude because of data aggregation. To identify the best method for displaying data at the ...
MODIS-Derived Spatially Complete Surface Albedo Products: Spatial and Temporal Pixel Distribution and Zonal Averages
Nov 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Five years (2000-04) of spatially complete snow-free land surface albedo data have been produced using high-quality-flagged diffuse bihemispherical (white sky) and direct-beam directional hemispherical (black sky) land surface albedo data derived from observations taken by the ...
Diagnosing the Intercept Parameter for Exponential Raindrop Size Distribution Based on Video Disdrometer Observations: Model Development
Nov 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT The exponential distribution N(D) = N^sub o^ exp(-AD) with a fixed intercept parameter N^sub o^ is most commonly used to represent raindrop size distribution (DSD) in rainfall estimation and in single-moment bulk microphysics parameterization schemes. Disdrometer observations ...
Advanced Rain/No-Rain Classification Methods for Microwave Radiometer Observations over Land
Nov 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Seto et al. developed rain/no-rain classification (RNC) methods over land for the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI). In this study, the methods are modified for application to other microwave radiometers. The previous methods match TMI ...
Operational Multiple-Doppler Wind Retrieval Inferred from Long-Range Radial Velocity Measurements
Nov 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT The recent deployment of an innovative triple pulse rise time (PRT) scheme within the French operational radar network allows for the simultaneous collection of reflectivity and radial velocity measurements up to a range of 250 km with no ambiguity. This achievement brings new ...
Mount Kenya Global Atmosphere Watch Station (MKN): Installation and Meteorological Characterization
Nov 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT The meteorological conditions at the Mount Kenya (station identifier MKN) tropical Global Atmosphere Watch Programme station are described. Like other stations in mountainous terrain, the site experiences thermally induced wind systems that disturb free tropospheric conditions ....
Dependence of Land Surface Albedo on Solar Zenith Angle: Observations and Model Parameterization
Nov 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT This study examines the dependence of surface albedo on solar zenith angle (SZA) over snow-free land surfaces using the intensive observations of surface shortwave fluxes made by the U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program and the National ...
Characteristics of Vertical Circulation in the Convective Boundary Layer over the Huaihe River Basin in China in the Early Summer of 2004
Nov 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to clarify the characteristics of the convective boundary layer (CBL) over a humid terrestrial area, the Huaihe River basin in China, which is covered by a large, nearly flat plain with uniform farmland. Data were collected in early summer 2004 using ...
Integrated Water Vapor Field and Multiscale Variations over China from GPS Measurements
Nov 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Water vapor plays a key role in the global hydrologic cycle and in climatic change. However, the distribution and variability of water vapor in the troposphere are not understood well-in particular, in China with the complex Tibetan Plateau and the influence of the Asian and ...
Limitations of Bispectral Infrared Cloud Phase Determination and Potential for Improvement
Nov 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Determining cloud thermodynamic phase using infrared satellite observations typically requires a priori assumptions about relationships between cloud phase and cloud temperature. In this study, limitations of an approach using two infrared channels with moderate spectral ...