Journal of Climate back issues from June 2007:
ENSO Impact on the Space-Time Evolution of the Regional Asian Summer Monsoons
Jun 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT This study investigates how ENSO affects the space-time evolution of the Asian summer monsoon (ASM) precipitation and synoptic variables on a 5-day resolution over the entire ASM area. Cyclostationary EOF and regression methods were used to investigate the detailed evolution ...
Interannual to Decadal Predictability of Tropical and North Pacific Sea Surface Temperatures
Jun 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT A multivariate empirical model is used to show that predictability of the dominant patterns of tropical and North Pacific oceanic variability. El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO), is mostly limited to little more than a year, despite ...
Tropical Cyclone Changes in the Western North Pacific in a Global Warming Scenario
Jun 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The influence of global warming on the climatology of tropical cyclones in the western North Pacific basin is examined using the high-resolution International Pacific Research Center (IPRC) regional climate model forced by ocean temperatures and horizontal boundary fields taken ...
North Pacific Decadal Variability in the Community Climate System Model Version 2
Jun 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT North Pacific decadal oceanic and atmospheric variability is examined from a 650-yr control integration of the Community Climate System Model version 2. The dominant pattern of winter sea surface temperature (SST) variability is similar to the observed "Pacific decadal ...
Decadal Variability of the Kuroshio Extension: Observations and an Eddy-Resolving Model Hindcast*
Jun 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Low-frequency variability of the Kuroshio Extension (KE) is studied using observations and a multidecadal (1950-2003) hindcast by a high-resolution (0.1°), eddy-resolving, global ocean general circulation model for the Earth Simulator (OFES). In both the OFES hindcast and ...
The Role of the Indonesian Throughflow in the Indo-Pacific Climate Variability in the GFDL Coupled Climate Model
Jun 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The impacts of the Indonesian Through flow (ITF) on the tropical Indo-Pacific climate, particularly on the character of interannual variability, are explored using a coupled general circulation model (CGCM). A pair of CGCM experiments-a control experiment with an open ITF and a ...
El Niño-Southern Oscillation Simulation at 6000 Years before Present with the MRI-CGCM2.3: Effect of Flux Adjustment
Jun 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Modulation of El Niño-Southern Oscillation at the mid-Holocene [6000 yr before present (6 ka)] is investigated with a coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation model. The model is integrated for 300 yr with 6-ka and present (0 ka) insolation both with and without flux ...
West African Storm Tracks and Their Relationship to Atlantic Tropical Cyclones
Jun 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The automatic tracking technique used by Thorncroft and Hodges has been used to identify coherent vorticity structures at 850 hPa over West Africa and the tropical Atlantic in the 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis. The presence of two dominant source regions, north and south of 15°N over ...
Increasing Antarctic Sea Ice under Warming Atmospheric and Oceanic Conditions
Jun 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Estimates of sea ice extent based on satellite observations show an increasing Antarctic sea ice cover from 1979 to 2004 even though in situ observations show a prevailing warming trend in both the atmosphere and the ocean. This riddle is explored here using a global ...
Australian Rainfall and Surface Temperature Variations Associated with the Southern Hemisphere Annular Mode
Jun 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Daily variations in Australian rainfall and surface temperature associated with the Southern Hemisphere annular mode (SAM) are documented using observations for the period 1979-2005. The high index polarity of the SAM is characterized by a poleward contraction of the midlatitude ...
What Maintains the SST Front North of the Eastern Pacific Equatorial Cold Tongue?*
Jun 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT A coupled ocean-atmosphere regional model suggests a mechanism for formation of a sharp sea surface temperature (SST) front north of the equator in the eastern Pacific Ocean in boreal summer and fall. Meridional convergence of Ekman transport at 5°N is forced by eastward turning ...
Estimating Shortwave Radiative Forcing and Response in Climate Models
Jun 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Feedback analysis in climate models commonly involves decomposing any change in the system's energy balance into radiative forcing terms due to prescribed changes, and response terms due to the radiative effects of changes in model variables such as temperature, water vapor, ...
Adjustment of the Remote Tropical Climate to El Niño Conditions
Jun 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The adjustment of the tropical climate outside the Pacific (the "remote Tropics") to the abrupt onset of El Niño conditions is examined in a tropical atmosphere model that assumes simplified vertical structure and quasi-equilibrium (QE) convective closure. The El Niño signal is ...
Variability and Singularity of Seoul, South Korea, Rainy Season (1778-2004)
Jun 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The 227-yr daily precipitation record gathered for Seoul, South Korea, represents one of the longest instrumental measurements, which provides an exceptional opportunity for detecting climate singularity (a property of phase locking to annual cycle) of extreme weather events and ...
A Possible Link between the Weddell Polynya and the Southern Annular Mode*
Jun 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Shortly after the advent of the first imaging passive microwave sensor on board a research satellite an anomalous climate feature was observed within the Weddell Sea. During the years 1974-1976, a 250 × 10^sup 3^ km^sup 2^ area within the seasonal sea ice cover was virtually ...
Diagnosing Cloud Feedbacks in General Circulation Models
Jun 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT In this study, it is shown that the NCAR and GFDL GCMs exhibit a marked difference in climate sensitivity of clouds and radiative fluxes in response to doubled CO2 and ±2-K SST perturbations. The GFDL model predicted a substantial decrease in cloud amount and an increase in ...
Warming of the North Pacific Ocean: Local Air-Sea Coupling and Remote Climatic Impacts
Jun 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT In this paper, global climatic response to the North Pacific oceanic warming is investigated in a series of coupled ocean-atmosphere modeling experiments. In the model, an idealized heating is imposed over the North Pacific Ocean, while the ocean and atmosphere remain fully ...
Impact Mechanisms of Shallow Cumulus Convection on Tropical Climate Dynamics*
Jun 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Subtropical shallow cumulus convection is shown to play an important role in tropical climate dynamics. in which convective mixing between the atmospheric boundary layer and the tree troposphere initiates a chain of large-scale feedbacks. It is found that the presence of shallow ...
Observed Changes in the Lifetime and Amplitude of the Madden-Julian Oscillation Associated with Interannual ENSO Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies
Jun 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) is analyzed using the reanalysis zonal wind- and satellite outgoing longwave radiation-based indices of Wheeler and Hendon for the 1974-2005 period. The average lifetime of the MJO events varies with season (36 days for events whose central ...
Interdecadal Sea Surface Temperature Variability in the Equatorial Pacific Ocean. Part I: The Role of Off-Equatorial Wind Stresses and Oceanic Rossby Waves
Jun 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The Australian Bureau of Meteorology Research Centre CGCM and a linear first baroclinic-mode ocean shallow-water model (SWM) are used to investigate ocean dynamic forcing mechanisms of the equatorial Pacific Ocean interdecadal sea surface temperature (SST) variability. An EOF ...
A Hemispheric Mechanism for the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation
Jun 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The physical processes associated with the ~70-yr period climate mode, known as the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO), are examined. Based on analyses of observational data, a deterministic mechanism relying on atmosphere-ocean-sea ice interactions is proposed for the AMO ....
Mechanisms of Northern Tropical Atlantic Variability and Response to CO2 Doubling
Jun 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT A model study has been made of the mechanisms of the meridional mode in the northern tropical Atlantic (NTA) and the response to a doubling of atmospheric CO2. The numerical model consists of an atmospheric general circulation model (GCM) coupled to a passive mixed layer model ...
Southern Hemisphere Winter Extratropical Cyclone Characteristics and Vertical Organization Observed with the ERA-40 Data in 1979-2001
Jun 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The mean characteristics and trends of Southern Hemisphere (SH) winter extratropical cyclones occurring at six levels of the troposphere over the period 1979-2001 have been investigated using the 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40) data. Cyclonic systems were identified with the ...
Evidence for a Rapid Global Climate Shift across the Late 1960s
Jun 15, 2007; ... ABSTRACT It is shown that a number of important characteristics of the global atmospheric circulation and climate changed in a near-monotonic fashion over the decade, or less, centered on the late 1960s. These changes were largest or commonest in tropical regions, the Southern ...
Quantifying the Dependence of Westerly Wind Bursts on the Large-Scale Tropical Pacific SST
Jun 15, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The correlation between parameters characterizing observed westerly wind bursts (WWBs) in the equatorial Pacific and the large-scale SST is analyzed using singular value decomposition. The WWB parameters include the amplitude, location, scale, and probability of occurrence for a ...
Origins of Dry Air in the Tropics and Subtropics
Jun 15, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The humidity in the dry regions of the tropical and subtropical troposphere has a major impact on the ability of the atmosphere to radiate heat to space. The water vapor content in these regions is determined by their "origins," here defined as the last condensation event ...
A Bayesian Assessment of Climate Change Using Multimodel Ensembles. Part II: Regional and Seasonal Mean Surface Temperatures
Jun 15, 2007; ... ABSTRACT A Bayesian approach is applied to the observed regional and seasonal surface air temperature (SAT) changes using single-model ensembles (SMEs) with the ECHO-G model and multimodel ensembles (MMEs) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report ...
Control of Dry Season Evapotranspiration over the Amazonian Forest as Inferred from Observations at a Southern Amazon Forest Site
Jun 15, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The extent to which soil water storage can support an average dry season evapotranspiration (ET) is investigated using observations from the Rebio Jarú site for the period of 2000 to 2002. During the dry season, when total rainfall is less than 100 mm, the soil moisture storage ...
Statistical Prediction of Seasonal Mean Southern Hemisphere 500-hPa Geopotential Heights
Jun 15, 2007; ... ABSTRACT A recently developed variance decomposition approach is applied to predict seasonal mean 500-hPa geopotential height anomalies in the Southern Hemisphere. In terms of predictability of both the winter and summer height fields, the Southern Oscillation and the Southern Annular ...
CORRIGENDUM
Jun 15, 2007; ... C. M. BITZ Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Scuttle, Washington P. R. GENT National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado R. A. WOODGATE Polar Science Center, University of Washington, Scuttle, Washington M. M ....
A Bayesian Framework for Multimodel Regression
Jun 15, 2007; ... ABSTRACT This paper presents a framework based on Bayesian regression and constrained least squares methods for incorporating prior beliefs in a linear regression problem. Prior beliefs are essential in regression theory when the number of predictors is not a small fraction of the sample ...
Resolving the Regional Signature of the Annular Modes
Jun 15, 2007; ... ABSTRACT A sector EOF analysis applied to the extratropical tropospheric circulation extracts robust circulation patterns that represent the regional signature of the annular modes. These regional patterns are eastward-propagating, long baroclinic wave structures with the dipolar ...
Intraseasonal Convective Perturbations Related to the Seasonal March of the Indo-Pacific Monsoons
Jun 15, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The seasonal evolution of the 20-90-day intraseasonal variability (ISV) of the convection in the Indo-Pacific region presents intriguing features related to monsoon dynamics: (i) a sharp ISV maximum in May for the southern Bay of Bengal and in June for the eastern Arabian Sea, ...