Journal of Dairy Science back issues from June 2003:
Factors affecting stall use for different freestall bases
Jun 01, 2003; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to compare stall use (stall occupancy and cow position) by barn side for factors affecting stall use. A closed circuit television system recorded stall use four times per day for a 9-mo period starting May 9, 2001. Six factors were analyzed: stall ...
Genetic effects on stillbirth and calving difficulty in Swedish Holsteins at first and second calving
Jun 01, 2003; ... ABSTRACT In Swedish Holstein dairy cattle, genetic effects on stillbirth and calving difficulty were studied in 411,409 first- and 281,193 second-calvers. A linear single-trait sire-maternal grandsire model and a threshold model using a Gibbs sampling technique were used to analyse ...
Effects of increasing dietary protein on nutrient utilization of heifers1
Jun 01, 2003; ... ABSTRACT Four prepubertal Holstein heifers, average age 146.0 + or -3.6 d and 152.8 + or - 8.6 kg of body weight (BW), fitted with rumen cannulae were used to evaluate increasing levels of dietary protein with a constant metabolizable energy intake on rumen ammonia N concentrations, N ...
Genetic evaluations of dairy bulls for daughter energy balance profiles using linear type scores and body condition score analyzed using random regression
Jun 01, 2003; ... ABSTRACT The difference in body lipid between the start and end of lactation represents the body energy lost (or gained) in support of maintaining lactation including the nonproduction components of lactation. This source of energy is ignored in current genetic evaluations for production ...
Managing manure nutrients through multi-crop forage production
Jun 01, 2003; ... ABSTRACT Concentrated sources of dairy manure represent significant water pollution potential. The southern United States may be more vulnerable to water quality problems than some other regions because of climate, typical farm size, and cropping practices. Dairy manure can be an ...
Health and performance of Holstein calves that suckled or were hand-fed colostrum and were fed one of three physical forms of starter1
Jun 01, 2003; ... ABSTRACT Intake of colostrum by neonatal calves and early transition to calf starter are two important factors in successful calf programs. Thirty-one Holstein calves were used to determine health and performance of calves that were 1) allowed to remain with their dams for 3 d and suckle ...
Effects of propylene glycol or fat drench on plasma metabolites, liver composition, and production of dairy cows during the periparturient period1
Jun 01, 2003; ... ABSTRACT Forty-eight Holstein cows were used to determine the effects of short-term oral drenches of propylene glycol (PG) and Ca-soaps of palm oil fatty acids (fat) on plasma concentrations of key metabolites, liver composition, and milk production during the first 3 wk of lactation ....
Population-wide analysis of a QTL affecting milk-fat production in the Israeli Holstein population
Jun 01, 2003; ... ABSTRACT A population-wide linkage disequilibrium on bovine chromosome 14 between microsatellite ILSTS039 and DGAT1, a putative quantitative trait locus affecting milk production traits, was found in the Israeli Holstein population. A total of 394 bulls were genotyped for both DGAT1 and ...
Genetic relationships among body condition score, body weight, milk yield, and fertility in dairy cows
Jun 01, 2003; ... ABSTRACT Genetic (co)variances between body condition score (BCS), body weight (BW), milk production, and fertility-related traits were estimated. The data analyzed included 8591 multiparous Holstein-Friesian cows with records for BCS, BW, milk production, and/or fertility from 78 ...
Mammary blood flow does not limit milk yield in lactating goats1
Jun 01, 2003; ... ABSTRACT There is a close relationship between mammary blood flow (MBF) and milk production, but whether MBF is limiting milk yield has not been determined. Five lactating goats received close arterial (external pudic) infusion of PBS or the nitric oxide donor diethylamine NONOate (0.5 ...
Effects of cutting height and maturity on the nutritive value of corn silage for lactating cows1,2
Jun 01, 2003; ... ABSTRACT We studied the effect of increasing the cutting height of whole-plant corn at the time of harvest from 12.7 (NC) to 45.7 (HC) cm on yield and nutritive value of silage for dairy cows. Three leafy corn silage hybrids were harvested at NC and HC at about 34% dry matter (E) and 41% ...
Milk yield and mammary growth effects due to increased milking frequency during early lactation
Jun 01, 2003; ... ABSTRACT Increased milking frequency (IMF) at the beginning of lactation has been shown to increase milk yield not only during IMF but also after its cessation. The objectives of this experiment evaluated the effects of increased milking frequency initiated during early lactation on ...
Effects of heat-stress on production in dairy cattle
Jun 01, 2003; ... ABSTRACT The southeastern United States is characterized as humid subtropical and is subject to extended periods of high ambient temperature and relative humidity. Because the primary nonevaporative means of cooling for the cow (radiation, conduction, convection) become less effective ...
Lactation performance by dairy cows fed supplemental biotin and a B-vitamin blend
Jun 01, 2003; ... ABSTRACT The objective of Trial 1 was to evaluate in dairy cows the effects of dietary supplementation with biotin and a B-vitamin blend on dry matter intake (DMI), milk yield, composition and component yields, total tract nutrient digestion, and plasma metabolites. Twenty-four ...
Milk production and feed intake of Holstein cows given short (30-d) or normal (60-d) dry periods
Jun 01, 2003; ... ABSTRACT Eighty-four Holstein cows were utilized to evaluate effects of dry period (60 d vs. 30 d), with or without estradiol cypionate (ECP) injections to accelerate mammary involution, on prepartum and postpartum dry matter intake (DMI), body weight (BW), body condition score (BCS), ...
Fractionized milk composition during removal of colostrum and mature milk
Jun 01, 2003; ... ABSTRACT Experiments were designed to study compositional differences in colostrum and mature milk and during the course of milk removal. Fractionized milk samples during the course of machine milking were analyzed in single (right rear) quarters in the cisternal fraction, after 25, 50, ...
Prevalence of claw disorders in Dutch dairy cows exposed to several floor systems
Jun 01, 2003; ... ABSTRACT Claw health was examined in an observational study on Dutch dairy farms with either a slatted floor (SL), slatted floor with manure scraper (SL-SCR), solid concrete floor (SCF), a straw yard (SY), or a zero-grazing feeding system (ZG). Hooves of cows' hind legs were examined for ...
Concentrations of progesterone in milk of cows administered an intravaginal progesterone insert
Jun 01, 2003; ... ABSTRACT Milk from pregnant cows contains concentrations of progesterone (P4) considered safe for human consumption. The objective of this study was to determine if concentrations of P4 in milk during administration of an intravaginal progesterone insert (CIDR insert) are less than ...
Technical note: Calibration of a simple udder volume measurement technique
Jun 01, 2003; ... ABSTRACT A simple technique to measure udder volume in dairy cows using aluminum foil was developed and used to characterize empty udder volume (EUV) in a dual purpose herd (Bos taurus x B. indicus). The technique was calibrated by comparing cows' actual milk yield with the difference ...
Hypocalcemia reduces endogenous glucose production in hyperketonemic sheep
Jun 01, 2003; ... ABSTRACT In previous experiments it has been shown that hyperketonemia lowered plasma glucose concentration in sheep and depressed endogenous glucose production by approximately 30%. This facilitates the onset of pregnancy toxemia. In the last trimester of gestation, hyperketonemia in ...
Insulin-like growth factor-I and its binding proteins in colostrum compared to measures in serum of holstein neonates1
Jun 01, 2003; ... ABSTRACT Colostral insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) may be beneficial in the development of gastrointestinal tracts of bovine neonates. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine relationships among concentrations of IGF-I and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP) in colostrum used at two ...
The effect of two traffic situations on the behavior and performance of cows in an automatic milking system
Jun 01, 2003; ... ABSTRACT Two cow traffic situations were tested sequentially in an automatic milking system (AMS) for effects on cow behavior, effective use of the barn, and milking capacity. The first situation was forced cow traffic: 63 cows had to pass through the AMS to go from the lying area to the ...
Effects of carbon dioxide on bacterial growth parameters in milk as measured by conductivity
Jun 01, 2003; ... ABSTRACT Inhibition of bacterial growth by dissolved carbon dioxide (CO2) has been well established in many foods including dairy foods. However, the effects of dissolved CO2 on spicific growth parameters such as length of lag phase, time to maximum growth rate, and numbers of organisms ...
The effect of application of cold natural smoke on the ripening of cheddar cheese
Jun 01, 2003; ... ABSTRACT The present study was undertaken to study the effects of application of natural wood smoke on ripening of Cheddar cheese, and to determine the effects of smoking before or after ripening on cheese quality. A 20-kg block of Cheddar cheese obtained immediately after pressing was ...
Design and performance of statistical process control charts applied to estrous detection efficiency1
Jun 01, 2003; ... ABSTRACT Statistical process control (SPC) charts to monitor production processes have not been widely used in dairy management. Shewhart and cumulative sum (cusum) control charts were designed to determine true changes in estrous detection efficiency (EDE) amidst normal variation in ...
ADSA Foundation Scholar Award-An integrated science-based approach to dairy food safety: Listeria monocytogenes as a model system
Jun 01, 2003; ... ABSTRACT Transmission of food-and milkborne pathogens often involves complex interactions among the pathogen, the environment, and one or multiple host species. A complete understanding of these interactions is critical to allow the development of science-based, effective intervention ...
Evaluation of screening test for detection of antimicrobial residues in ewe milk
Jun 01, 2003; ... ABSTRACT The effects of preservatives (potassium dichromate and sodium azide), heat treatment (untreated and 82[degrees]C/10 min), and lactation stage upon the response of the microbial tests (BRT AiM and Delvotest) utilized for the detection of residues of antimicrobial substances in ...
Expression of milk-derived antihypertensive peptide in Escherichia coli
Jun 01, 2003; ... ABSTRACT Many angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory peptides (ACEIP) have been identified in recent years. Among all the literatures available thus far, almost all the ACEIP were obtained by means of enzymatic hydrolysis. However, little information was available on antihypertensive ...
Impact of nisin producing culture and liposome-encapsulated nisin of ripening of Lactobacillus added-cheddar cheese
Jun 01, 2003; ... ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the effects of incorporating liposome-encapsulated nisin Z, nisin Z producing Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis biovar. diacetylactis UL719, or Lactobacillus casei-casei L2A adjunct culture into cheese milk on textural, physicochemical and sensory ...
Erratum
Jun 01, 2003; ... The name of a co-author, M. C. Thurmond, was inadvertently omitted for the article titled "The effect of left displacement of abomasum corrected by toggle-pin suture on lactation, reproduction, and health of Holstein dairy cows" (J. Dairy Sci ....
Heritabilities and correlations among body condition score, dairy form and selected linear type traits
Jun 01, 2003; ... ABSTRACT The objectives of this study were to estimate the heritability of body condition score (BCS) with data that could be used to generate genetic evaluations for BCS in the US, and to estimate the relationship among BCS, dairy form and selected type traits. Body condition score and ...
Comparison of the National Research Council-2001 model with the Dutch system (DVE/OEB) in the prediction of nutrient supply to dairy cows from forages
Jun 01, 2003; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to compare the DVE/OEB system (DVE = truly absorbed protein in the small intestine; OEB = degraded protein balance) and the NRC-2001 model in the prediction of supply of protein to dairy cows from selected forages: alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. cv ....
Associations of a polymorphic AP-2 binding site in the 5'-flanking region of the bovine [beta]-lactoglobulin gene with milk proteins
Jun 01, 2003; ... ABSTRACT Studies on a polymorphic position (R10) in an Activator-Protein-2 (AP-2) binding site of the bovine [beta]-Lactoglobulin ([beta]-Lg) gene promoter region and quantitative traits of individual milk proteins were based on material from 79 German Holstein Friesian (HF) and 61 ...
Altering soluble and potentially rumen degradable protein for prepubertal Holstein heifers1
Jun 01, 2003; ... ABSTRACT Four prepubertal Holstein heifers, average age 184 + or - 2.1 d and 169.1 + or - 15.8 kg of body weight, fitted with rumen cannulae were used to evaluate effects of altering the soluble CP and potentially rumen degradable protein fractions of diets containing 16% CP and 71.5% ...
Effects of a polymer-coated urea product on nitrogen metabolism in lactating Holstein dairy cattle
Jun 01, 2003; ... ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of polymer-coated urea on nitrogen retention, rumen microbial growth, and milk production and composition. Coated urea (CU) that is more slowly hydrolyzed to ammonia than unprotected urea could potentially be used more ...
Mammary epithelial proliferation and estrogen receptor [alpha] expression in prepubertal heifers: Effects of ovariectomy and growth hormone
Jun 01, 2003; ... ABSTRACT The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of ovariectomy and growth hormone on mammary epithelial cell proliferation and estrogen receptor a (ER[alpha]) expression within the bovine mammary gland. Two experiments were performed. In the first experiment, eight ...
Metabolic responses of lactating dairy cows to single and multiple subcutaneous injections of glucagon1
Jun 01, 2003; ... ABSTRACT Continuous, intravenous infusions of glucagon improve carbohydrate status in lactating dairy cows without increasing concentrations of plasma NEFA. The objective was to test whether single subcutaneous injections and multiple subcutaneous injections of glucagon delivered at 8-h ...
Intravaginal progesterone insert to synchronize return to estrus of previously inseminated dairy cows1
Jun 01, 2003; ... ABSTRACT An intravaginal progesterone insert (CIDR insert; 1.38 g of progesterone) was evaluated for synchronization of returns to estrus (SR), conception rate (CR), and pregnancy rate (PR) in dairy cows previously artificially inseminated (AI). Healthy, nonpregnant, lactating Holstein ...
Effects of GnRH administered to cows at the onset of estrus on timing of ovulation, endocrine responses, and conception
Jun 01, 2003; ... ABSTRACT Two experiments examined effects of GnRH administered within 3 h after onset of estrus (OE) on ovulation and conception in dairy cows. In experiment 1, 46 cows received either saline, 250 [mu]g of GnRH, or 10 [mu]g of the GnRH analogue, Buserelin. Cows were observed for estrus, ...
Modeling the interaction of milking frequency and nutrition on mammary gland growth and lactation
Jun 01, 2003; ... ABSTRACT A mathematical model of biological mechanisms regulating lactation is constructed. In particular, the model allows prediction of the effect of milking frequency on milk yield and mammary regression, and the interaction of nutrition and milking frequency in determining yield ....
Ovarian follicular responses to high doses of pulsatile luteinizing hormone in lactating dairy cattle
Jun 01, 2003; ... ABSTRACT Two experiments in lactating dairy cows examined ovarian follicular responses to high, frequent doses of exogenous LH pulses at levels associated with follicular cysts. In Experiment I, estrus was synchronized in 12 cyclic lactating cows >40 d postpartum. Emergence of the ...
Production of free conjugated linoleic acid by Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei of human intestinal origin1
Jun 01, 2003; ... ABSTRACT A gas Chromatographic procedure was used for analysis of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers cis-9, trans-11-octadecadienoic; trans-10, cis-12 octadecadienoic; and trans-9, trans-11-octadecadienoic (c9t11, t10c12, t9t11) produced by lactobacilli. Four different cultures, two ...
Understanding the role of calcium in functionality of part skim mozzarella cheese1
Jun 01, 2003; ... ABSTRACT The impact of calcium on softening, melting, and flow characteristics of part skim Mozzarella cheese was evaluated. Four cheeses containing different calcium levels (viz. 0.65, 0.48, 0.42, and 0.35%) were manufactured by direct acidification using glucono-[delta]-lactone on four ...
Invited review: Treatment of cows with an extended postpartum anestrous interval
Jun 01, 2003; ... ABSTRACT Cows with an extended interval from calving to first ovulation (PPI) have increased intervals from calving to conception and are more likely to be culled compared with cows with a short PPI. In year-round calving dairy herds, between 11 and 38% of cows are reported as anestrus ...