Journal of Dairy Science back issues from March 2004:
Effects of Somatic Cell Count and Stage of Lactation on the Plasmin Activity and Cheese-Making Properties of Ewe Milk
Mar 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT The experiment was conducted from March to July 2002 using 5 intensively managed flocks of Southern Italy. In each flock, 2 groups of 50 ewes were created. The groups were designated LSCC (low somatic cell count [SCC]) when their milk SCC was lower than 500,000/mL and HSCC (high ...
Effect of the Metabolism of Urea on the Acidifying Activity of Streptococcus thermophilus
Mar 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT One of the main functions of Streptococcus thermophilus strains used in the dairy industry is the production of lactic acid. In cheese and fermented milk manufacturing processes, the pH evolution kinetics must be reproducible in order to ensure the good quality of the final ...
Influence of Residual Milk-Clotting Enzyme on α^sub s1^ Casein Hydrolysis During Ripening of Reggianito Argentino Cheese
Mar 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Milk-clotting enzyme is considered largely denatured after the cooking step in hard cheeses. Nevertheless, typical hydrolysis products derived from rennet action on α^sub s1^-casein have been detected during the ripening of hard cheeses. The aim of the present work was to ...
Mild to Moderate Clinical Mastitis: Efficacy of Intramammary Amoxicillin, Frequent Milk-Out, a Combined Intramammary Amoxicillin, and Frequent Milk-Out Treatment Versus No Treatment
Mar 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Study objectives were to determine the efficacy of 4 methods (intramammary amoxicillin, frequent milk-out, a combined intramammary amoxicillin and frequent milk-out, and no treatment) of managing mild to moderate clinical mastitis in a university dairy herd. Clinical and ...
Persistency of Adenoviral-Mediated Lysostaphin Expression in Goat Mammary Glands
Mar 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Gene therapy has great potential to enable synthesis of protein molecules in targeted cells of an animal. One application may be the production of antibacterial enzymes by the mammary gland as a means of preventing or treating mastitis. We have previously demonstrated that goat ...
Measurement of Bovine IgG by Indirect Competitive ELISA as a Means of Detecting Milk Adulteration
Mar 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to develop an assay capable of detecting adulteration of high premium milk with milk from cheaper sources. An indirect, competitive ELISA was developed for the rapid detection of cows' milk in the milk of goat, sheep, and buffalo. The assay uses a ...
Occurrence of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Smoked Cheese
Mar 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT The presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in smoked cheeses of different origin was studied. The samples were subjected to an initial extraction of fat and an alkaline treatment, extracted with cyclohexane, cleaned up by means of solid-phase extraction tubes, and ...
Comparison of Brown Midrib-6 and -18 Forage Sorghum with Conventional Sorghum and Corn Silage in Diets of Lactating Dairy Cows*
Mar 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Total mixed rations containing conventional forage sorghum, brown midrib (bmr)-6 forage sorghum, bmr-18 forage sorghum, or corn silage were fed to Holstein dairy cows to determine the effect on lactation, ruminal fermentation, and total tract nutrient digestion. Sixteen ...
The Effect of Protein Intake on Performance of Cows in Hot Environmental Temperatures
Mar 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Two trials were conducted with cows in commercial herds during midlactation to evaluate the effect of dietary crude protein (CP) concentration on the production, composition, and efficiency of milk production under hot ambient conditions. Cows were group-fed in trial 1, which ...
Factors Affecting Calcium Lactate and Liquid Expulsion Defects in Cheddar Cheese
Mar 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT This paper summarizes the results of 2 studies designed to investigate the influence of several manufacturing and curing treatments on the appearance of Cheddar cheese defects. Specifically, 2 defects, calcium lactate crystal formation and the expulsion of free liquid (weeping) ...
The Use of Test Day Information to Predict Energy Intake of Dairy Cows in Early Lactation
Mar 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT This study aimed to validate a previously developed model for the estimation of energy balance in high producing dairy cows from test day information during the first 12 wk of lactation. Monensin (an ionophor) increases the energy status of dairy cows. Gold standard for the ...
Unrestricted Feed Intake During the Dry Period Impairs the Postpartum Oxidation and Synthesis of Fatty Acids in the Liver of Dairy Cows
Mar 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to determine the activities of key hepatic enzymes of fatty acid synthesis and oxidation in cows that had excessive body fat at parturition. Dairy cows were allocated to either an experimental group or a control group. All cows were offered a total ...
Effect of Alfalfa Forage Preservation Method and Particle Length on Performance of Dairy Cows Fed Corn Silage-Based Diets and Tallow
Mar 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of including alfalfa preserved either as silage or long-stem or chopped hay on DMI and milk fat production of dairy cows fed corn silage-based diets with supplemental tallow (T). Fifteen Holstein cows that averaged 117 DIM were used ...
Peripartum Serum Vitamin E, Retinol, and Beta-Carotene in Dairy Cattle and Their Associations with Disease
Mar 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Peripartum decreases in serum concentrations of vitamins A and E may contribute to impaired immune function in dairy cows. The objectives of this study were to describe peripartum serum concentrations of α-tocopherol, β-carotene, and retinol and their associations with ...
Fine Mapping of Milk Production QTL on BTA6 by Combined Linkage and Linkage Disequilibrium Analysis
Mar 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Combined linkage and linkage disequilibrium analysis were used to refine the position of a previously detected QTL affecting milk production traits on bovine chromosome 6. Through a series of single- and multitrait and single- and multipoint QTL analyses, the QTL could be ...
Fermentation Acids, Aerobic Fungal Growth, and Intake of Napiergrass Ensiled with Nonfiber Carbohydrates
Mar 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT This study evaluated fermentation characteristics and fungal numbers of napiergrass silages prepared with and without added raw or heated corn meal (10%, fresh-weight basis) at ensiling. Corn was added to napiergrass so that the silage would contain concentrate similar to that ...
Genetic Parameters for Stillbirth in Danish Holstein Cows Using a Bayesian Threshold Model
Mar 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to make an inference about the direct and maternal genetic variation of stillbirth for first-calving Holstein cows and to estimate the effect of breed and heterosis for original Danish black and white and Holstein-Friesian. A Bayesian threshold ...
Disappearance of Docosahexaenoic and Eicosapentaenoic Acids from Cultures of Mixed Ruminal Microorganisms
Mar 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Previous studies showed conflicting results regarding the ability of ruminal microorganisms to hydrogenate docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6, DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5, EPA). To determine the disappearance of DHA and EPA from mixed ruminal cultures, 2 ruminai in vitro ...
Performance of Holstein Clones in the United States
Mar 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Phenotypic and genetic performance of US Holstein clones from embryo splitting (ETS) and nuclear transfer (ETN) was documented for yield and fitness traits. Holstein Association USA has registered 2319 ETS and 215 ETN clones. The number of male clones has decreased. Animals ...
Minimizing Variations in Functionality of Whey Protein Concentrates from Different Sources*
Mar 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Enhancement in processing technology has improved the nutritional and functional properties of whey protein concentrates by increasing the content and quality of the protein, leading to their increased use in different food products. The extent of heat treatment affects the ...
Performance of Lactating Dairy Cows Fed Whole Cottonseed with Elevated Concentrations of Free Fatty Acids in the Oil
Mar 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Twenty-four multiparous cows were used in a 10-wk randomized block design trial to evaluate the effects of feeding whole cottonseed (WCS) containing increasing concentrations of free fatty acids (FFA) in the oil on nutrient intake and digestibility, milk yield and composition, ...
Production and Blood Parameters of Holstein Cows Treated Prepartum with Sodium Monensin or Propylene Glycol
Mar 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Forty-five multiparous Holstein cows were assigned to one of 3 treatments in a randomized complete block design. The objective was to evaluate the effects of sodium monensin (M) and propylene glycol (PPG) during the prepartum period on performance and metabolic parameters during ...
Designing the Automatic Milking Farm in a Hot Climate
Mar 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT A mathematical simulation model was used to assist 5 farmers in developing design criteria for inclusion of robotic milking systems in each farm situation. The barn layout influences arrivals of cows to the milking robot as well as other cow traffic and must be carefully ...
Random Regression Test-Day Models with Residuals Following a Student's-t Distribution
Mar 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT First-lactation milk yield test-day records of Canadian Holsteins were analyzed by single-trait random regression test-day models that assumed normal or Student's-t distribution for residuals. Objectives were to test the performance of the robust statistical models that use ...
Heritability and Correlations for Body Condition Score and Dairy Form Within and Across Lactation and Age
Mar 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT The objectives of the current study were to investigate the relationship between body condition score (BCS) and dairy form and changes in genetic parameters for BCS and dairy form within and across lactations and age. Body condition score and dairy form were obtained from the ...
Measurement of Gas Holes and Mechanical Openness in Cheese by Image Analysis*
Mar 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT A method to measure the amount of the surface area of cheese slices occupied by gas holes was developed to reflect the relative gas production among different cheeses. A digital camera mounted on a copy stand with lighting was used to make digital images of each slice of cheese ....
Moisture Content, Thickness, and Lesions of Sole Horn Associated with Thin Soles in Dairy Cattle
Mar 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Thin soles and resulting lameness are often associated with increased culling rates in large dairy operations. The moisture content of the sole horn may cause the horn to be softer, thus predisposing it to an increased rate of wear. For that reason, the first objective of this ...