Journal of Dairy Science back issues from April 2004:
ADSA Foundation Scholar Award: Defining Dairy Flavors
Apr 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Production and consumption of dairy foods continue to increase annually. Further, new ingredient applications for dairy foods continue to expand. With continued production and consumption, there is also increased competition. Increased competition exists regionally, nationally, ...
Short Communication: Growth Characteristics of Streptococcus uberis in UHT-Treated Milk
Apr 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Streptococcus uberis is an important environmental pathogen associated with bovine mastitis as well as with high total bacterial numbers in bulk tank milk. This study was conducted to determine whether S. uberis reproduction is likely to contribute to high bacterial numbers in ...
Invited Review: Formation of Keratins in the Bovine Claw: Roles of Hormones, Minerals, and Vitamins in Functional Claw Integrity
Apr 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Keratins are the characteristic structural proteins of the highly cornified epidermis of the skin, feathers, and hoof. Keratin proteins provide the structural basis for the unique properties of the biomaterial horn and its protective function against a wide range of ...
Changes in the Proportions of Soluble and Insoluble Calcium During the Ripening of Cheddar Cheese
Apr 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT In cheese, the concentration and form of residual Ca greatly influences texture. Two methods were used to determine the proportions of soluble (SOL) and insoluble (INSOL) Ca in Cheddar cheese during 4 mo of ripening. The first method was based on the acid-base buffering curves ...
Production of a High Gel Strength Whey Protein Concentrate from Cheese Whey
Apr 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT In order to develop a process for the production of a whey protein concentrate (WPC) with high gel strength and water-holding capacity from cheese whey, we analyzed 10 commercially available WPC with different functional properties. Protein composition and modification were ...
Effect of bST and Reproductive Management on Reproductive Performance of Holstein Dairy Cows*
Apr 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT The objective was to determine the effects of bovine somatotropin (bST) and two artificial insemination (AI) protocols on reproductive performance of Holstein cows. Lactating cows (n = 840) were assigned at 37 d in milk (DIM) to one of four treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial ...
Invited Review: [beta]-Lactoglobulin: Binding Properties, Structure, and Function
Apr 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT [beta]-Lactoglobulin ([beta]-LG) is the major whey protein of ruminant species and is also present in the milks of many, but not all, other species. Its amino-acid sequence and 3-dimensional structure show that it is a lipocalin, a widely diverse family, most of which bind small ...
Effects of Storage Time and Thawing Methods on the Recovery of Mycoplasma Species in Milk Samples from Cows with Intramammary Infections
Apr 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT This study was executed to determine the effects of storage and thawing on the viability of Mycoplasma spp. in milk from cows with intramammary infections. The trial was designed using a control sample and seven handling regimens subjected to two methods of thawing. There was a ...
Short Communication: Impact of Formulation on Ice Cream Microstructures: an Oscillation Thermo-Rheometry Study
Apr 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Oscillation thermo-rheometry was used to underline the existence of the different microstructures in ice cream. Varying ice cream formulations illustrated the impact of each ingredient, i.e., fat, proteins, and lipid emulsifiers, and their interactions on the establishment of ...
Effect of Simultaneous Thawing of Multiple 0.5-mL Straws of Semen and Sequence of Insemination on Conception Rate in Dairy Cattle
Apr 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT The objectives of this study were to determine 1) the effect of simultaneous thawing of multiple 0.5-mL straws of semen and sequence of insemination (first, second, third, or fourth) on conception rates in dairy cattle, 2) whether the conception rates achieved following AI by ...
Low Doses of Bovine Somatotropin During the Transition Period and Early Lactation Improves Milk Yield, Efficiency of Production, and Other Physiological Responses of Holstein Cows*
Apr 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT The objectives of this experiment were to determine whether low doses of bovine somatotropin (bST) during the transition period and early lactation period improved dry matter intake (DMI), body weight (BW), or body condition score (BCS); provoked positive changes in ...
Composition and Aroma Compounds of Ragusano Cheese: Native Pasture and Total Mixed Rations*
Apr 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Raw milk from 13 cows fed TMR supplemented with native pasture and from 13 cows fed only TMR on one farm was collected separately 4 times with an interval of 15 d between collections. Two blocks (14 kg each) of cheese were made from each milk. The objective was to determine the ...
Reduced-Fat Cheddar Cheese Manufactured Using a Novel Fat Removal Process*
Apr 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Normally, reduced-fat Cheddar cheese is made by removal of fat from milk prior to cheese making. Typical aged flavor may not develop when 50% reduced-fat Cheddar cheese is produced by this approach. Moreover, the texture of the reduced-fat cheeses produced by the current method ...
All-trans Retinoic Acid Is Increased in the Acute Phase-Related Hyporetinemia During Escherichia coli Mastitis
Apr 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Blood vitamin A profiles, including concentrations of retinol and its active metabolite retinoic acid, were assessed during the peripartum period and during experimentally induced Escherichia coli mastitis in heifers. Serum retinol decreased in all animals in the immediate ...
Relationships Between Milk Urea and Production, Nutrition, and Fertility Traits in Israeli Dairy Herds
Apr 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT The objectives of this study were to identify and evaluate production and environmental factors that influence milk urea (MU) in Israeli dairy herds, to analyze the relationships between MU concentration and nutritional variables, and to examine a possible association between MU ...
Factors Affecting Solubility of Calcium Lactate in Aqueous Solutions
Apr 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Calcium lactate (CaL^sub 2^) crystal formation on the surface of cheese continues to be a widespread problem for the cheese industry despite decades of research. To prevent those crystals from forming, it is necessary to keep the concentration of CaL^sub 2^ below saturation ...
The Effect of Housing and Methionine Intake on Hoof Horn Hemorrhages in Primiparous Lactating Holstein Cows
Apr 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT This study investigated the effects of housing and nutrition on the development of hoof horn disease (as identified by the appearance of hoof horn hemorrhages) in primiparous lactating Holstein cows. The first objective was to investigate whether replacing butyl rubber mats in ...
Ruminal Biohydrogenation in Holstein Cows Fed Soybean Fatty Acids as Amides or Calcium Salts
Apr 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Fatty amides of high oleate fats and calcium salts of palm oil were reported to resist biohydrogenation by ruminai microorganisms. This study was conducted to determine whether converting polyunsaturated fat sources to amides and calcium salts had equal ability to resist ...
Hot Topic: Effects of Frequent Milking in Early Lactation on Milk Yield and Udder Health
Apr 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT A field study was conducted to evaluate the influence of milking frequency (3 or 6 times/d [3x or 6x, respectively]) during the initial 21 d of lactation on milk and milk component yield and mammary gland health as indicated by somatic cell count. During 2 seasons, spring and ...
Fat Digestion in Veal Calves Fed Milk Replacers Low or High in Calcium and Containing Either Casein or Soy Protein Isolate
Apr 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT The hypothesis tested was that the inhibitory effect of dietary soy protein versus casein on fat digestion in veal calves would be smaller when diets were fed with high instead of low calcium content. Male calves, 1 wk of age, were fed 1 of 4 experimental milk replacers in a 2 × ...
Feeding 2-Hydroxy-4-(Methylthio)-Butanoic Acid to Periparturient Dairy Cows Improves Milk Production but not Hepatic Metabolism*
Apr 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Forty-eight Holstein cows, entering second or later lactation, were utilized to determine the effects of 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)-butanoic acid (HMB) on milk production, hepatic lipid metabolism, and gluconeogenesis during the periparturient period. Cows were fed one of 3 diets ...
Management Practices and Heifer Characteristics Associated with Early Lactation Somatic Cell Count of Belgian Dairy Heifers
Apr 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Associations between somatic cell counts (SCC) from heifers between 5 and 14 d in milk (DIM) and both herd-management practices and heifer characteristics were studied for 1912 heifers in 159 dairy herds in Flanders (Belgium). In higher-producing herds and in herds with an ...
Phenotypic and Genetic Influences on Test-Day Measures of Acetone Concentration in Milk
Apr 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT The objectives of this study were to estimate heritability of acetone concentration in milk, based on monthly samples of milk obtained as part of a routine milk testing program, and to evaluate the feasibility of using such data in a genetic evaluation program for selection ...
Short Communication: Influence of Staphylococcus aureus Intramammary Infection on Serum Copper, Zinc, and Iron Concentrations
Apr 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT The goal of the present study was to characterize changes in serum trace mineral concentrations in cattle with experimentally induced Staphylococcus aureus mastitis. Nine primiparous Holstein-Friesian cattle were challenged with approximately 150 cfu of Staph. aureus ATCC29740 ...
Journal of Dairy Science-2003
Apr 01, 2004; ... I am pleased to report that the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) once again recognized the Journal of Dairy Science (JDS) as the Number 1 journal out of 55 journals in the Agriculture, Dairy, and Animal Sciences category for 2002. This is certainly a great tribute to our editors, ...
Visceral Tissue Mass and Rumen Volume in Dairy Cows During the Transition from Late Gestation to Early Lactation
Apr 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT The objectives were to measure the effects of transition and supplemental barley or rumen-protected protein on visceral tissue mass in dairy cows and the effects of transition and barley on rumen volume and liquid turnover. Cows were individually fed a grass silagebased ...
Short Communication: Effects of Nonesterified Fatty Acids on Lymphocyte Function in Dairy Heifers
Apr 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT This in vitro study was performed to assess the effects of various concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) on lymphocyte function of heifers. Nine Hoistein heifers were studied. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were incubated with various concentrations of NEFA (O, ...
Prediction of Body Lipid Change in Pregnancy and Lactation
Apr 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT A simple method to predict the genetically driven pattern of body lipid change through pregnancy and lactation in dairy cattle is proposed. The rationale and evidence for genetically driven body lipid change have their basis in evolutionary considerations and in the homeorhetic ...
Short Communication: Docosahexaenoic Acid Promotes Vaccenic Acid Accumulation in Mixed Ruminal Cultures When Incubated with Linoleic Acid*
Apr 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Previous studies found that feeding dairy cows a blend of fish and soybean oils enhanced milk vaccenic acid (VA) and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) concentrations more than when the oils were fed separately. In these studies, the authors concluded that a component in fish oil ...
Pregnancy in Dairy Cows After Synchronized Ovulation Regimens With or Without Presynchronization and Progesterone1
Apr 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Two experiments examined pregnancy after synchronized ovulation (Ovsynch) with or without progesterone (P4) administered via controlled internal drug release (CIDR) intravaginal inserts. In experiment 1, 262 lactating cows in one herd were in 3 treatments: Ovsynch (n = 91), ...
Nitrogen Balance, Microbial Protein Production, and Milk Production in Dairy Cows Fed Fodder Beets and Potatoes, or Barley
Apr 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Fourteen multiparous midlactation dairy cows were used in a change-over experiment with 3 periods and 3 diets to evaluate the effects of fodder beets and potatoes on N metabolism, microbial protein production, and milk production. A basal ration of alfalfa/grass silage offered ...
Effect of Zinc Source and Dietary Level on Zinc Metabolism in Holstein Calves*
Apr 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Forty-eight Holstein male calves were stratified by origin and body weight and randomly assigned to one of 4 treatment groups. Dietary treatments were administered in 2 phases. In phase 1, treatment groups received the basal diet with no supplemental Zn (control), basal diet ...
The Survival of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in Raw and Pasteurized Milk and Milk Products*
Apr 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT The Foot-and-Mouth Disease virus (FMDV) is not a public health threat, but it is highly contagious to cloven-footed animals. The virus is shed into milk up to 33 h before there are apparent signs of the disease in dairy cows, and, in extreme cases, signs of disease may not ...
Electrical Conductivity of Milk: Ability to Predict Mastitis Status
Apr 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Electrical conductivity (EC) of milk has been introduced as an indicator trait for mastitis over the last decade, and it may be considered as a potential trait in a breeding program where selection for improved udder health is included. In this study, various EC traits were ...