Journal of Dairy Science back issues from May 2004:
Letter to the Editor: Plea for Using the Term n-7 Fatty Acids in Place of C18:2 cis-9, trans-11, and C18:1 trans-11 or Their Trivial Names Rumenic Acid and Vaccenic Acid Rather than the Generic Term Conjugated Linoleic Acids
May 01, 2004; ... G. Ellen1 and A. Elgersma2 1 NIZO food research PO box 20, 6710 BA Ede, The Netherlands 2 Department of Plant Sciences Wageningen University, Haarweg 333, 6709 RZ Wageningen, The Netherlands Starting in the 1990s, an ever-increasing number of papers about conjugated ...
Purification and Characterization of a Pregastric Esterase From a Hygienized Kid Rennet Paste
May 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Rennet pastes obtained by maceration of gastric tissues from suckling kids are used traditionally to produce some artisanal cheeses in Spain. Besides milkclotting function, rennet pastes provide proteolytic activity and lipolytic system, essentially pregastric, necessary in the ...
Evaluation of Salt Whey as an Ingredient in Processed Cheese
May 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this research was to determine whether salt whey, obtained from a traditional Cheddar cheese manufacturing process, could be used as an ingredient in processed cheese. Due to its high salinity level, salt whey is underutilized and leads to disposal costs ....
Lactose/[beta]-Lactoglobulin Interaction During Storage of Model Whey Powders
May 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the presence or absence of interaction between lactose and [beta]-lactoglobulin during storage of model whey powders at different water activities (a^sub w^). Model whey powders were prepared by colyophilization of lactose with ...
Predominant Microflora of Downgraded Danish Bulk Tank Milk
May 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT The microflora of downgraded Danish bulk tank milk was examined to identify the main causes of increased microbial counts. Seventy-five representative samples with a microbial count exceeding 3.0 × 10^sup 4^ cfu/mL were selected for a more detailed microbial examination. A total ...
Gelation of Casein-Whey Protein Mixtures
May 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Heated milk consists of a mixture of whey protein-coated casein micelles and soluble whey protein aggregates. The acid-induced gelation properties of heated milk are consistently different from those of unheated milk-i.e., a shift in gelation pH, stronger gels, and a different ...
Impact of Source and Level of Calcium Fortification on the Heat Stability of Reconstituted Skim Milk Powder
May 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Calcium enrichment of food and dairy products has gained interest with the increased awareness about the importance of higher calcium intake. Calcium plays many important roles in the human body. Dairy products are an excellent source of dietary calcium, which can be further ...
Differential Effects of Steroids and Retinoids on Bovine Myelopoiesis in Vitro
May 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Pregnancy and parturition are associated with physiological changes caused by steroid hormones. Alterations in number, maturity, and function of polymorphonuclear leukocytes observed in dairy cows at parturition suggest a common causative relationship with steroid hormones. This ...
Changes in Cisternal Udder Compartment Induced by Milking Interval in Dairy Goats Milked Once or Twice Daily
May 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Fourteen Murciano-Granadina dairy goats were used to evaluate udder compartments (cisternal and alveolar) and cisternal recoil after an oxytocin (OT) challenge at different milking intervals (8, 16, and 24 h) during wk 7 of lactation. Goats were milked once (1×; n = 7) or twice ...
Effect of Rubber Flooring in Front of the Feed Bunk on the Time Budgets of Dairy Cattle
May 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this experiment was to study the effect of rubber flooring in front of the feed bunk on the immediate behavioral response of dairy cattle. Four groups of 12 dairy cattle were alternately housed in sections of a free-stall barn with either 1.85 m of rubber ...
Use of Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) Enrichments to Examine the Effects of trans-8, cis-10 CLA, and cis-11, trans-13 CLA on Milk-Fat Synthesis*
May 01, 2004; ... Abstract Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplements have typically been comprised of 4 isomers (trans-8, cis-10; cis-9, trans-11; trans-10, cis-12; and cis-11, trans-I3 CLA). Abomasal infusion of pure isomers has shown that trans-W, cis-12 CLA is a potent inhibitor of milk-fat synthesis, ...
Systematic Clinical Examinations for Identification of Latent Udder Health Types in Danish Dairy Herds
May 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the applicability of systematic clinical examinations of udders as an additional tool for the evaluation of udder health status on dairy farms. During 2000, each of the 16 dairy farms was visited 5 times; 20 cows per farm were ...
Effects of Oxytocin Administration on Oxytocin Release and Milk Ejection
May 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT In experiment I, the effect of i.m. oxytocin (OT) injection (50 IU) on OT blood pattern was tested. Blood samples from 6 cows were collected for 2 h after OT injection either with or without milking. To test the effect of i.m. OT injection (50 IU) on milk ejection efficiency, ...
Free-Stall Dimensions: Effects on Preference and Stall Usage
May 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT In 2 experiments, free-stall dimensions were examined to determine how they affected stall preference, usage, cleanliness, and milk production in Holstein dairy cattle. In experiment 1, stall width (112 or 132 cm) and stall length (229 and 274 cm from curb to wall) were compared ...
Somatic Cell Count Distributions During Lactation Predict Clinical Mastitis
May 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT This research investigated somatic cell count (SCC) records during lactation, with the purpose of identifying distribution characteristics (mean and measures of variation) that were most closely associated with clinical mastitis. Three separate data sets were used, one ...
Effect of Dietary Energy and Somatotropin on Components of the Somatotropic Axis in Holstein Heifers*
May 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT The somatotropic axis, consisting of growth hormone (GH), GH receptor (GHR), insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF binding proteins (IGFBP), and IGF receptors, controls growth and mammary development in heifers. Manipulation of the axis with recombinant bovine somatotropin ...
Milk Protein Synthesis as a Function of Amino Acid Supply*
May 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Most prediction schemes of milk protein secretion overestimate milk protein yield from dairy cows at high protein intakes, thereby overestimating milk protein yield response to protein supplementation. This study was conducted to determine factors contributing to such an ...
The Effects of Buffered Propionic Acid-Based Additives Alone or Combined with Microbial Inoculation on the Fermentation of High Moisture Corn and Whole-Crop Barley
May 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Buffered propionic acid-based additives (BP) alone or in combination with a microbial inoculant containing lactic acid bacteria (MI) were mixed with ground, high moisture corn or whole-crop barley and ensiled in triplicate laboratory silos to investigate their effects on silage ...
Relative Acidifying Activity of Anionic Salts Commonly Used to Prevent Milk Fever
May 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT High cation diets can cause milk fever in dairy cows as they induce a metabolic alkalosis reducing the ability of the cow to maintain calcium homeostasis at the onset of lactation. Adding anions to the diet can offset the effect of the high cation forages by inducing a mild ...
Partial Replacement of Corn Grain by Hydrogenated Oil in Grazing Dairy Cows in Early Lactation
May 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Thirty-six grazing dairy cows were used to determine milk production and composition, and dry matter and energy intake when corn grain was partially replaced by hydrogenated oil in the concentrate. Four additional cows, each fitted with a ruminal cannula, were used in a ...
Bovine Somatotropin Increases Hepatic Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase mRNA in Lactating Dairy Cows*,[dagger]
May 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Somatotropin (ST) increases milk production and through coordinated changes in hepatic glucose synthesis and amino acid metabolism in dairy cows. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of ST on hepatic mRNA expression for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase ...
Sources of Variation in Rates of in Vitro Ruminal Protein Degradation1
May 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Rates and extents of ruminal protein degradation for casein, solvent soybean meal (SSBM), expeller soybean meal (ESBM), and alfalfa hay were estimated from net appearance of NH^sub 3^ and total amino acids in in vitro media containing 1 mMhydrazine and 30 mg/L of ...
Effect of Corn Hybrid and Chop Length of Whole-Plant Corn Silage on Digestion and Intake by Dairy Cows
May 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT The objectives of this experiment were to study the effects of corn hybrid and chop length of whole-plant corn silage (WPCS) on intake, and to quantify ruminal digestive processes that could help to identify factors limiting dry matter intake (DMI). Eight lactating cows and 4 ...
Feeding Behavior and Performance of Dairy Cows Fed Pelleted Nonroughage Fiber Byproducts
May 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT The potential of pellets made of soy hulls (SH) and corn gluten feed (CGF) to replace starchy pelleted supplement in diets of lactating cows was measured in a feeding regime comparable to automatic milking systems. Twenty-four cows were divided into 2 equal groups and fed for 7 ...
Effect of Corn Particle Size on Site and Extent of Starch Digestion in Lactating Dairy Cows
May 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of corn particle size (CPS) on site and extent of starch digestion in lactating dairy cows. Animals were fitted with ruminal, duodenal, and ileal cannulas. Dry corn grain accounted for 36% of dry matter intake. In ...
Dietary Preference of Dairy Cows Grazing Ryegrass and White Clover
May 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT The dietary preference of lactating dairy cows grazing perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) was studied. Twelve groups of 2 lactating, Holstein-Friesian dairy cows grazed 1.2-ha plots containing conterminal monocultures of clover and ...
Effects of Fiber Content and Particle Size of Forage on the Flow of Microbial Amino Acids from Continuous Culture Fermenters*
May 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Eight dual-flow continuous culture fermenters (1320 mL) were used in two 10-d consecutive periods to study the effects of fiber content and particle size on rumen fermentation, nutrient flow, and the profile and flow of amino acids (AA) from microbial origin. Treatments were ...
Short Commuunication: Effect of Dietary Protein Depletion and Repletion on Skeletal Muscle Calpastatin During Early Lactation
May 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Sixteen multiparous Jersey cows were assigned at calving to one of 4 dietary treatments. An 18% crude protein (CP) diet was fed as a total mixed ration through 30 d in milk (DIM), and beginning at 31 DIM a 9, 12, 15, or 18% CP diet was fed through 58 DIM (depletion). All cows ...
Development and Analysis of a Rumen Tissue Sampling Procedure
May 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT A procedure for rumen tissue sampling was developed to determine treatment effects on rumen development and papillae growth in young calves and to improve repeatability in rumen tissue sampling techniques. Rumens were collected from 42 male Holstein calves from 4 separate ...
Effect of Inhibitor Concentration and End-Product Accumulation on Estimates of Ruminal in Vitro Protein Degradation*
May 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Effects of varying the concentrations of hydrazine sulfate (HS) and chloramphenicol (CAP), inhibitors of microbial-N uptake and protein synthesis, on rates of protein degradation estimated from net appearance of NH^sub 3^ and total amino acids (TAA) were studied in a ruminal in ...
Short Communication: Effect of Carbohydrate Fermentation Rate on Estimates of Mass Fermented and Milk Response*
May 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Current prediction equations were used to evaluate the effects of rates of fermentation of fiber or starch in individual feeds on amounts of carbohydrate fermented ruminally and milk yield responses. The small predicted increases in carbohydrate fermented and milk response ...
Higher Intake of DK265 Corn Silage by Dairy Cattle
May 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT In this experiment, intake of DK265 3-way corn hybrid by dairy cattle was compared specifically with intake 1) of its bm3 isogenic form, 2) of its 2 related single-way hybrids, and 3) of 2 controls that were registered hybrids of similar earliness. Both dry matter (DM) and ...
The Effects of Forage Provision and Group Size on the Behavior of Calves
May 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT The effects of providing alternative forages to individual or group-reared calves on their behavior were examined in 2 experiments. In experiment 1, 24 calves were reared in groups of 3 or individually in straw-bedded pens from age 1 to 7 wk. One-half of the calves in each ...
Comparison Between a Weibull Proportional Hazards Model and a Linear Model for Predicting the Genetic Merit of US Jersey Sires for Daughter Longevity
May 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Predicted transmitting abilities (PTA) of US Jersey sires for daughter longevity were calculated using a Weibull proportional hazards sire model and compared with predictions from a conventional linear animal model. Culling data from 268,008 Jersey cows with first calving from ...
Genotype × Environment Interaction for Yield and Somatic Cell Score with Automatic and Conventional Milking Systems
May 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to quantify genotype by environment interaction (G × E) between automatic milking systems (AMS) and conventional milking systems (CMS) for test-day milk, fat, and protein yield and for test-day somatic cell score (SCS) in The Netherlands. The G × ...
Tissue and External Insulation Estimates and Their Effects on Prediction of Energy Requirements and of Heat Stress
May 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Published data were used to develop improved equations to predict tissue insulation (TI) and external insulation (EI) and their effects on maintenance requirements of Holstein cattle. These are used to calculate lower critical temperature (LCT), energy cost of exposure to ...
Genetic Parameters and Trends in the Chilean Multibreed Dairy Cattle Population*
May 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Estimates of additive and nonadditive multibreed covariance components, genetic parameters, and predicted genetic values for first lactation 305-d mature equivalent (ME) milk yield, fat yield, and protein yield were computed using data from a sample of 3316 cows from the Chilean ...
Short Communication: Effects of Feeding Level on Energy Concentration in Grass Silage-Based Diets Offered to Dairy Cattle
May 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Twelve grass silages were offered to sheep as a sole diet at maintenance and to lactating dairy cows ad libitum as mixed silage and concentrates diets (n = 13 diets). Fecal and urinary energy outputs were measured for silages and mixed diets. Digestible energy (DE) and ...
Comparison of Volatile Compounds Produced in Model Cheese Medium Deacidified by Debaryomyces hansenii or Kluyveromyces marxianus
May 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT The aroma of a deacidified cheese medium is the result of the overall perception of a large number of molecules belonging to different classes. The volatile compound composition of (60%) cheese medium (pH 5.8) deacidified by Debaryomyces hansenii (DCM^sub Dh^) was compared with ...
On-Farm Management Decisions to Improve Beef Quality of Market Dairy Cows*,[dagger]
May 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT A 3-phase study was conducted to assess on-farm management decisions to reduce antibiotic residue violations and improve carcass characteristics in market (cull) dairy cows. In Phase 1, questionnaires were mailed to dairy producers (n = 142) to determine current on-farm ...
Effect of Feeding Space on the Inter-Cow Distance, Aggression, and Feeding Behavior of Free-Stall Housed Lactating Dairy Cows
May 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT The objectives of this study were to determine whether doubling the amount of feeding space from 0.5 to 1.0 m per cow leads to increased spacing between cows at the feeder, fewer aggressive social interactions among cows, and ultimately increased feeding activity. Twenty-four ...
Digestible Energy Values of Diets with Different Fat Supplements when Fed to Lactating Dairy Cows*
May 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT A total collection digestion trial using high producing lactating cows (average milk yield = 40.7 kg/d) was conducted to measure the effect of different fat supplements on dietary digestible energy (DE) concentrations and to calculate the DE value of the supplements. A diet with ...
Undesired Phenotypic and Genetic Trend for Stillbirth in Danish Holsteins
May 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the phenotypic and genetic trends for stillbirth in Danish Holsteins. Trends of calving difficulty and calf size were also evaluated. The second aim was to compare predicted transmitting abilities (PTA) of sires for stillbirth using ...
Genetic Comparison of Breeding Schemes Based on Semen Importation and Local Breeding Schemes: Framework and Application to Costa Rica
May 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Local breeding schemes for Holstein cattle of Costa Rica were compared with the current practice based on continuous semen importation (SI) by deterministic simulation. Comparison was made on the basis of genetic response and correlation between breeding goals. A local breeding ...
Genetic Analysis of the Israeli Holstein Dairy Cattle Population for Production and Nonproduction Traits with a Multitrait Animal Model
May 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Milk, fat, and protein production, somatic cell score (SCS), and female fertility in the Israeli Holstein dairy cattle population were analyzed using a multitrait animal model (AM) with parities 1 through 5 as separate traits. Female fertility was measured as the inverse of the ...
The Color of Brevibacterium linens Depends on the Yeast Used for Cheese Deacidification
May 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT The color of smear cheeses (Muenster) is traditionally thought to be due to the bacterial flora, e.g., Brevibacterium linens. This study was carried out to evaluate indirect effects of yeast on the color of B. linens. A 60% cheese medium was desacidified with Debaryomyces ...
A Modified Presynchronization Protocol Improves Fertility to Timed Artificial Insemination in Lactating Dairy Cows
May 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT To compare 2 hormonal protocols for submission of lactating dairy cows for timed artificial insemination (TAI), nonpregnant lactating Holstein cows (n = 269) >60 d in milk were randomly assigned to each of 2 treatments to receive TAI (TAI = d 0). Cows assigned to the first ...
An Economic Evaluation of Recombinant Bovine Somatotropin Approval in Japan
May 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT A comprehensive econometric model was developed to evaluate potential impacts of recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) approval in Japan. Three novel features of the analyses include 1) investigation of impact of rbST on herd-size structure, 2) determination of economic ...