Journal of Dairy Science back issues from July 2004:
Structural Analysis of a New Anti-Hypertensive Peptide ([beta]-Lactosin B) Isolated from a Commercial Whey Product
Jul 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities and anti-hypertensive activities in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) of 12 kinds of commercial peptides of food additive grade were measured. Four peptide products derived from milk proteins showed strong ...
Influence of Starter Culture Ratios and Warm Room Treatment on Free Fatty Acid and Amino Acid in Swiss Cheese
Jul 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Quantification of water-soluble volatile free fatty acids (FFA) and free amino acids (FAA) was performed as a ripening index and an indirect measure of flavor development in Swiss-type cheeses. The objective of this research was to assess the effect of warm room treatment (WRT) ...
Characterization of Nutty Flavor in Cheddar Cheese
Jul 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT The objectives of this study were to determine the volatile components responsible for the sensory perception of nutty flavor in Cheddar cheese. Cheddar cheeses with and without nutty flavors were selected by descriptive sensory analysis. Volatile aroma components from Cheddar ...
A New Probiotic Cheese with Antioxidative and Antimicrobial Activity
Jul 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT The aim of our study was to develop an original probiotic cheese based on the Estonian open-texture, smear-ripened, semisoft cheese "Pikantne." Cheese was produced by two methods using cheese starter cultures (Probat 505) in combination with 0.04% of probiotic Lactobacillus ...
Differential Effects of Interferon-[tau] on the Prostaglandin Synthetic Pathway in Bovine Endometrial Cells Treated with Phorbol Ester*
Jul 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Rationale for these experiments was to evaluate the dose effects of bovine interferon-[tau] (IFN-[tau]) on the prostaglandin secretory pathway of immortalized bovine endometrial (BEND) cells in response to phorbol 12, 13-dibutyrate (PdBu) and to characterize similar responses in ...
Fertility of Holstein Dairy Heifers after Synchronization of Ovulation and Timed AI or AI after Removed Tail Chalk
Jul 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Nonlactating Holstein dairy heifers (n = 352) 13 mo of age were managed using a 42-d artificial insemination (AI) breeding period in which they received AI after removed tail chalk evaluated once daily. At AI breeding period onset (d 0), heifers were randomly assigned to receive ...
Effect of Clinical Mastitis on the Lactation Curve: A Mixed Model Estimation Using Daily Milk Weights
Jul 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to estimate the milk production losses associated with clinical mastitis using mixed linear models and correlation structures that have not been available previously. Data used included computer-recorded daily milk yields and detailed and accurate ...
Effects of Milk Production Capacity and Metabolic Status on HPA Function in Early Postpartum Dairy Cows
Jul 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Increasing milk yields in modern dairy cows cause concern that high yield may impair the cows' health and welfare, for example, via negative effects on metabolic status and hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) function. This study aims to investigate whether a high level ...
Genetic Variation and Heritability of the Antibody Response to Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in Danish Holstein Cows
Jul 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to estimate the genetic variation and the heritability of the ability to establish an immune response by producing antibodies to My cobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Antibody levels were determined using an ELISA and measuring optical ...
Effects of Dietary Glucogenic Precursors and Fat on Feed Intake and Carbohydrate Status of Transition Dairy Cows*
Jul 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Twenty-four multiparous Holstein cows were used to determine the effects of dietary fat and glucose precursors on energy status and lactation. The treatment group (T) received 409 g/d (DM basis) of a combination of calcium salts of fatty acids, calcium propionate, and propylene ...
Peripartal Propylene Glycol Supplementation and Metabolism, Animal Health, Fertility, and Production in Dairy Cows
Jul 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT The effect of peripartal supplementation with concentrate enriched at 10% propylene glycol (PG) on metabolism, animal health, fertility, and milk production was studied using 234 cows from 8 dairy farms with production averages of 8019 to 10,656 kg/yr. The feeding schedule for ...
Macromineral Digestion by Lactating Dairy Cows: Estimating Phosphorus Excretion via Manure*
Jul 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Data from 8 experiments involving 39 diverse dietary treatments and 162 Holstein cows were used to derive equations that estimate manure excretion of P by lactating dairy cows. Within an experiment, diets were formulated to have similar P concentrations and to meet or slightly ...
Influence of Corn Variety and Cutting Height on Nutritive Value of Silage Fed to Lactating Dairy Cows
Jul 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Two corn varieties predicted to differ in digestibility were harvested at 2 cutting heights (10.2 or 30.5 cm) to determine effects on the nutrient content of the resulting silage, nutrient intake, nutrient digestibility, and production of lactating cows fed such corn silage ...
A Meta-Analysis Examining the Relationship Among Dietary Factors, Dry Matter Intake, and Milk and Milk Protein Yield in Dairy Cows
Jul 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT This meta-analysis was undertaken to determine the impact of dietary components on dry matter intake (DMI), milk yield (MY), and milk protein yield (MPY) in Holstein dairy cows. Diets (n = 846) from 256 feeding trials published in Volumes 73 through 83 of the Journal of Dairy ...
A Comparison of Purine Derivatives Excretion with Conventional Methods as Indices of Microbial Yield in Dairy Cows
Jul 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Three multiparous, ruminally and duodenally cannulated Holstein-Friesian milking cows (558 ± 14 kg BW) with a mean milk yield of 19.9 ± 1.4 kg/d in their 4th mo of lactation were fed a mixed diet of forage and concentrate at 100, 85, and 75% of ad libitum intake in a 3 × 3 Latin ...
Effects of Replacing Roughage with Soy Hulls on Feeding Behavior and Milk Production of Dairy Cows Under Hot Weather Conditions
Jul 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Two total mixed rations (TMR) containing different proportions of roughage neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were fed to lactating cows under Israeli summer conditions, and the effects on feeding behavior and milk production were measured. Forty-two lactating cows were divided into ...
The Effects of Subacute Ruminal Acidosis on Sodium Bicarbonate-Supplemented Water Intake for Lactating Dairy Cows
Jul 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Four multiparous ruminally fistulated Holstein dairy cows were used in an 8-wk experiment utilizing a repeated measures block design to determine the effects of subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) on supplemented water intake. Animals were subjected to SARA, which was induced by ...
Lactation Performance of Holstein Cows Fed Fescue, Orchardgrass, or Alfalfa Silage
Jul 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Perennial grasses are increasingly being used as an integral part of nutrient management plans, but fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) is often overlooked because of perceived intake problems. A 30-d study was conducted to evaluate the lactation performance of cows fed a ...
Relationship of Test-Day Somatic Cell Score with Test-Day and Lactation Milk Yields
Jul 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT To determine the relationship of test-day (TD) somatic cell score (SCS) to TD and lactation milk yields, 1,320,590 records from Holstein first and second calvings from 1995 through 2002 were examined. All lactations had recorded yield and SCS for at least the first 4 TD. Least ...
Development of a National Genetic Evaluation for Cow Fertility
Jul 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT A national fertility evaluation was developed based on pregnancy rate, which measures the percentage of nonpregnant cows becoming pregnant within each 21-d opportunity period. Data for evaluation are days open, which are calculated as date pregnant minus previous calving date ....
Phosphorus Reduction Through Precision Feeding of Dairy Cattle
Jul 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT A study was conducted on 4 dairy farms in the Cannonsville Reservoir Basin (Delaware County, NY) to identify feeding strategies in commercial dairy herds that will reduce manure phosphorus and mass farm phosphorus balance. Lactating cow diets on all 4 farms were evaluated ...
Effect of Calcium on Microstructure and Meltability of Part Skim Mozzarella Cheese*
Jul 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT The role of calcium in the microstructure of part skim Mozzarella cheese was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Part skim Mozzarella cheeses with 4 calcium levels (control 0.65%, T^sub 1^ 0.48%, T^sub 2^, 0.42%, and ...
Evaluation of Mozzarella Cheese Stretchability by the Ring-and-Ball Method
Jul 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT The functional quality of Mozzarella cheese is defined by its ability to melt and stretch. Currently used methods to evaluate the stretchability of Mozzarella cheese are empirical and lack control of moisture loss and temperature. The typical fork test, the imitative tensile ...
Properties of Sodium Caseinate Film-Forming Dispersions and Films
Jul 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT The flow properties of sodium casemate (NaCAS) film-forming dispersions were studied as a function of protein and glycerol concentration. Apparent viscosity vs. concentration profiles showed a disruption at about 10% (wt/wt) NaCAS. This was interpreted in terms of protein-water ...
Improving Stall Design: Use of 3-D Kinematics to Measure Space Use by Dairy Cows when Lying Down
Jul 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Uncomfortable stalls reduce the time cows spend resting and are a risk factor for lameness. Although recommendations for stall dimensions are available, little research supports these recommendations. In this study, kinematic techniques were used to provide the first accurate ...
Individual Variation in the Milk Yield Response to Bovine Somatotropin in Dairy Cows
Jul 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT The objective was to relate the short-term milk yield response (MYR) following use of exogenous bovine somatotropin (bST) to changes in plasma concentrations of metabolites and hormones. Twenty-four Holstein cows (52 ± 4.1 d postpartum) received daily subcutaneous injections of ...
Claw Hardness of Dairy Cows: Relationship to Water Content and Claw Lesions
Jul 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Lameness of dairy cows is a major welfare and economic problem. Degree of hardness of claws may influence chances for injury or for claw lesions, and exposure of claws to moisture may make them soft. To assess the relationship among hardness of the claw horn, quantity and rate ...
Duration of Infection and Strain Variation in Streptococcus uberis Isolated from Cows' Milk
Jul 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT The duration of infection and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) types of bovine intramammary Streptococcus uberis isolates were examined. Milk samples were collected in duplicate from all 4 glands of 503 cows from 5 herds within 1 to 3 d of parturition and from 113 cows ...
Iron Uptake by Escherichia coli Cultured with Antibodies from Cows Immunized with High-Affinity Ferric Receptors*
Jul 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT The synergistic effects of immunoglobulin G (IgG) from cows vaccinated with ferric citrate receptor (FecA) and IgG from cows vaccinated with ferric enterobactin receptor (FepA) were measured in an in vitro iron uptake assay. Serum was isolated and pooled within treatment from ...
Postpartum Ovarian Follicular Dynamics and Estrous Activity in Lactating Dairy Cows
Jul 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT The objectives of this study were to characterize early postpartum follicular dynamics in dairy cows in relation to their estrual activity and subsequent reproductive performance using 50 (26 primiparous and 24 multiparous) lactating Holstein cows. Ovaries and uterine horns of ...
Effect of Age at First Calving on Some Productive and Longevity Traits in Iranian Holsteins of the Isfahan Province
Jul 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Production and pedigree data of Iranian Holsteins were collected from 1991 to the end of 2001 on 45 herds in Isfahan province. Data on culled cows (birth and culling dates) were used to estimate the effect of age at first calving on total lifetime and productive life; and the ...
An Economic Spreadsheet Model to Determine Optimal Breeding and Replacement Decisions for Dairy Cattle
Jul 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to describe a user-friendly spreadsheet culling model that was constructed to support economical, optimal breeding and replacement decisions on dairy farms. The model was based on the marginal net revenue technique. Inputs for the model can be entered ...
Macromineral Digestion by Lactating Dairy Cows: Factors Affecting Digestibility of Magnesium*
Jul 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT The objectives of this experiment were to determine dietary factors influencing the apparent digestibility of Mg by lactating dairy cows and to compare empirical apparent digestibility values with Mg absorption coefficients used in the dairy cattle nutrient requirement model of ...
Destruction of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, Salmonella spp., and Mycoplasma spp. in Raw Milk by a Commercial On-Farm High-Temperature, Short-Time Pasteurizer
Jul 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT The 2002 NAHM's Dairy Survey indicated that 87.2% of dairy farms in the United States feed waste milk to their neonatal calves. Although cost-effective, this practice can lead to increased calf morbidity and mortality due to ingestion of pathogenic agents. In an effort to reduce ...
Dietary Cation-Anion Difference Effects on Performance and Acid-Base Status of Lactating Dairy Cows: A Meta-Analysis*
Jul 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT A meta-analysis was conducted to examine potential empirical relationships between dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) (Na + K-Cl) and the response of lactating dairy cows. The database was developed from 12 studies published between 1984 and 1997 that included a total of 17 ...
Influence of Parturition and Diets Enriched in n-3 or n-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Immune Response of Dairy Cows During the Transition Period*
Jul 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT The objectives of this study were to evaluate the functional properties of immunocompetent cells in dairy cows fed diets enriched in n-3 or n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids during the transition period. Six weeks before calving, 21 primiparous and 27 multiparous pregnant Holstein ...
Effects of Silymarin, a Natural Hepatoprotector, in Periparturient Dairy Cows
Jul 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Silymarin, a natural acknowledged hepatoprotector used in humans to treat liver diseases, has been tested in dairy cows during peripartum, a period during which animals are subject to subclinical fatty liver. Ten grams of silymarin (76% pure extract consisting in flavonolignans, ...
Predicting Feed Intake of the Individual Dairy Cow
Jul 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT The voluntary feed intake of the dairy cow is an important variable in dairy operation but is impossible to measure individually when cows are kept in groups or grazing. Existing formulas that calculate dry matter intake (DMI) from ration and performance variables are not ...
Use of Early Lactation Days Open Records for Genetic Evaluation of Cow Fertility
Jul 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT National genetic evaluations for cow fertility were introduced by the USDA in February, 2003. These evaluations, reported as daughter pregnancy rate, are based on days open. One requirement of the evaluation system is that lactations be at least 250 d in milk (DIM) to be ...
Effect of Maternal Age on Milk Production Traits, Fertility, and Longevity in Cattle
Jul 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Longevity is the economically most important functional trait in cattle populations. However, with an increased productive lifespan, the number of offspring born by older dams increases. A higher maternal age might have negative effects on the performance of offspring. The ...
Variances of and Correlations Among Progeny Tests for Reproductive Traits of Cows Sired by AI Bulls
Jul 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Estimates of daughter fertility were computed using first artificial insemination (AI) breedings reported to the US Dairy Herd Improvement Association (DHIA) from 1995 through 1997. An animal model was used to compute estimated breeding values (EBV) of daughter groups with fixed ...
Type Trait (Co)Variance Components for Five Dairy Breeds
Jul 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT (Co)variance components were estimated for final score and 14 or 15 linear type traits for the Ayrshire, Brown Swiss, Guernsey, Jersey, and Milking Shorthorn breeds. Appraisals from 1995 or later were used. New estimates were calculated to accommodate changes in scoring of ...