Journal of Dairy Science back issues from September 2004:
Flow Characteristics of a Pilot-Scale High Temperature, Short Time Pasteurizer*
Sep 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT In this study, we present a method for determining the fastest moving particle (FMP) and residence time distribution (RTD) in a pilot-scale high temperature, short time (HTST) pasteurizer to ensure that laboratory or pilot-scale HTST apparatus meets the Pasteurized Milk ...
Short Communication: Seasonal Variation in cis-9, trans-11 Conjugated Linoleic Acid Content in Milk Fat from Nordic Countries
Sep 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT We investigated the content of cis-9, trans-11 isomer of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and its seasonal variation in bovine milk fat from Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. Milk samples were collected during winter and summer and analyzed using gas chromatography ....
Determination of Protein Concentration in Raw Milk by Mid-Infrared Fourier Transform Infrared/Attenuated Total Reflectance Spectroscopy
Sep 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT This study investigates the potential use of attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy in the mid-infrared range for determining protein concentration in raw cow milk. The determination of protein concentration is based on the characteristic absorbance of milk proteins, which ...
Comparison of Pilot-Scale and Rapid Visco Analyzer Process Cheese Manufacture
Sep 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Numerous formulation and processing parameters influence the functionality of process cheese. A small-scale manufacturing and analysis method could be used to evaluate the influence of formulation parameters and processing conditions on the functionality of process cheese. The ...
Reduction of Salt (NaCl) Losses During the Manufacture of Cheddar Cheese*
Sep 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of cheese-making technologies, including homogenization of cream, ultrafiltration, and vacuum condensing of milk, on the retention of salt in Cheddar cheese. One part of pasteurized, separated milk (0.58% fat) was ...
Technical Note: Protein Conjugate-Based Immunoassay of Whole Milk Progesterone
Sep 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT The objectives were to develop a novel protein conjugate-based ELISA test for whole milk progesterone with a dynamic range capable of fully profiling estrous cycles in the dairy cow and to study effects of whole milk medium on antibody binding to progesterone-protein conjugates ....
Towards an Optimum Mixing Protocol for On-Farm Bulk Milk Sampling
Sep 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT This paper describes the application of a bottom-sampling technique to dynamically monitor creaming and mixing in bulk milk tanks and determine optimum mixing protocols for milk sampling. Creaming onset in field experiments occurred between 40 and 50 min. Bottom-sampling data ...
Effect of Acidification and Heating on the Rheological Properties of Oil-Water Interfaces with Adsorbed Milk Proteins
Sep 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT The behavior of casein and whey proteins at the oil-water interface was studied using a dynamic drop tensiometer (DDT). The dilational modulus of the interface was measured for aqueous solutions of skim milk powder (SMP) and whey protein concentrate (WPC) with various additions ...
Testing White Line Strength in the Dairy Cow
Sep 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT The tensile strength of 576 pieces of white line horn collected over 6 mo from 14 dairy cows restricted to parity 1 or 2 was tested. None of the cows had ever been lame. Seven cows were randomly assigned to receive 20 mg/d biotin supplementation, and 7 were not supplemented ....
Bedding on Geotextile Mattresses: How Much is Needed to Improve Cow Comfort?
Sep 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT The objective of our study was to evaluate how the amount of sawdust bedding on mattresses affects dairy cattle behavior and preferences. Eleven nonlactating, multiparous cows were housed individually in pens with access to 3 free stalls. Each stall was fitted with a geotextile ...
Standardization of Milk Using Cold Ultrafiltration Retentates for the Manufacture of Parmesan Cheese
Sep 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT The effects of using cold ultrafiltered (UF) retentates (both whole and skim milk) on the coagulation, yield, composition, and ripening of Parmesan cheese were investigated. Milks for cheese making were made by blending cold UF retentates with partially skimmed milk to obtain ...
The Effect of Pasture Allowance and Supplementation on Feed Efficiency and Profitability of Dairy Systems[dagger]
Sep 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Partial budgeting was used to compare income over feed costs of high-yielding Holstein cows based on data from an experiment with 4 dietary treatments arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial. The factors were low (25 kg DM/ cow per day) and high (40 kg DM/cow per day) pasture allowance ...
Proteolysis in Milk During Experimental Escherichia coli Mastitis
Sep 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT This work consisted of the intramammary infections (IMI) of 8 heifers by high doses of Escherichia coli to study both the proteolytic activity in milk and the resulting peptides. Therefore, a milking kinetic has been followed, and several parameters have been studied, such as ...
Molecular Subtyping and Tracking of Listeria monocytogenes in Latin-Style Fresh-Cheese Processing Plants
Sep 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Latin-style fresh cheeses, which have been linked to at least 2 human listeriosis outbreaks in the United States, are considered to be high-risk foods for Listeria monocytogenes contamination. We evaluated L. monocytogenes contamination patterns in 3 Latin-style freshcheese ...
Leptin Affects Prolactin Action on Milk Protein and Fat Synthesis in the Bovine Mammary Gland
Sep 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Leptin, a protein hormone produced and secreted predominantly by white adipose tissue, has a critical role in the regulation and coordination of energy metabolism. Identification of leptin in the milk of several mammals, including humans, led us to investigate its presence and ...
The Distribution of Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis in the Environment Surrounding Minnesota Dairy Farms
Sep 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to characterize the distribution of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis (Map) in the environment of infected and uninfected Minnesota dairy farms. Eighty herds known to be infected from Minnesota's Johne's Disease Control Program (JDCP) and 28 herds ...
Visceral Tissue Growth and Proliferation During the Bovine Lactation Cycle*[dagger]
Sep 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Twenty one multiparous, nonpregnant, lactating dairy cows were used to assess the impact of stage of lactation on visceral tissue mass and small intestinal cell proliferation. Cows were slaughtered at each of 4 stages of lactation: 14, 90, 120, and 240 d of lactation. With stage ...
Effect of Molasses Supplementation on the Production of Lactating Dairy Cows Fed Diets Based on Alfalfa and Corn Silage*
Sep 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Adding sugar to the diet has been reported to improve production in dairy cows. In each of 2 trials, 48 lactating Holsteins (8 with ruminal cannulas) were fed covariate diets for 2 wk, blocked by days in milk into 12 groups of 4, and then randomly assigned to diets based on ...
Prevalence of Salmonellae, Listeria monocytogenes, and Fecal Coliforms in Bulk Tank Milk on US Dairies*
Sep 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, and fecal coliforms in bulk tank milk in the United States. As part of the NAHMS Dairy 2002 survey, 861 bulk tank milk samples were collected from farms in 21 states. Milk was ...
Rapid Detection of Cows' Milk in Sheeps' and Goats' Milk by a Species-Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction Technique
Sep 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was developed for the specific identification of cows' milk in sheep's and goats' milk by using primers targeting the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene. The use of a forward primer complementary to a conserved DNA sequence, along with a reverse ...
Analysis of the MUC1 Gene and its Polymorphism in Capra hircus
Sep 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT The objective of our study was to demonstrate the existence of a repetitive region in the goat MUC1 gene and to develop a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol to analyze its polymorphism in different breeds. Using 2 primers derived from the bovine MUC1 sequence, a PCR ...
Genetic Relationships Between Persistency and Reproductive Performance in First-Lactation Canadian Holsteins
Sep 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT The main objective of this study was to estimate genetic relationships between lactation persistency and reproductive performance in first lactation. Relationships with day in milk at peak milk yield and estimated 305-d milk yield were also investigated. The data set contained ...
Development of an Optimal Index to Improve Lactation Yield and Persistency with the Least Selection Intensity
Sep 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT It is important to have improvement in both lactation milk yield and persistency. Modification of the lactation curve requires severe restrictions on selection criteria designed to simultaneously improve both milk yield and persistency. As a result, manipulating the lactation ...
Genetic Parameters for Clinical Mastitis, Somatic Cell Score, and Production in the First Three Lactations of Swedish Holstein Cows
Sep 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Using a mixed linear animal model, genetic parameters were estimated for clinical mastitis (MAST), lactation average somatic cell score (LSCS), and milk production traits in the first 3 lactations of more than 200,000 Swedish Holstein cows with first calving from 1995 to 2000 ....
Pregnancy Rates After Timed AI of Heifers Following Removal of Intravaginal Progesterone Inserts
Sep 01, 2004; ... I. D. Peeler,1 R. L. Nebel,1 R. E. Pearson,1 W. S. Swecker,2 and A. Garcia2 1 Department of Dairy Science and 2 Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24061 ABSTRACT Reproductive performance of ...
Relationships Among International Body Condition Scoring Systems
Sep 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Scoring body condition and assessing changes in the body condition of dairy cattle have become strategic tools in both farm management and research. Consequently, body condition score (BCS) is being researched extensively throughout the world. However, international sharing, ...
Characterization of Particles in Cream Cheese
Sep 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Cream cheese is used as a spread and as an ingredient in many food applications. A gritty or grainy mouthfeel is an undesirable textural defect that occurs in cream cheese. However, the factors that cause the textural defect are not well understood. The objectives of this study ...
Efficacy of a 0.1% Iodine Teat Dip Against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae During Experimental Challenge
Sep 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT An experimental challenge trial was performed according to the guidelines recommended by the National Mastitis Council (NMC). A 0.1% iodine teat dip (Quartermate with I-Tech) was examined. This product gave an 87.9% reduction of new intramammary infections with Staphylococcus ...
A Review of International Standards and the Scientific Literature on Farm Milk Bulk-Tank Sampling Protocols
Sep 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Adequate agitation is required to ensure homogeneity before sampling from on-farm bulk tanks, but excessive agitation may cause churning with a resulting loss of milk quality. Homogeneity can be assured by thorough mixing before a sample is taken and can also be combined with ...
Abundance of mRNA of Apolipoprotein B^sub 100^, Apolipoprotein E, and Microsomal Triglyceride Transfer Protein in Liver from Periparturient Dairy Cows*
Sep 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Limited secretion of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) in dairy cows is strongly related to fatty liver and other metabolic disorders in the early postpartum. Currently, there is limited information on which roles apolipoprotein B^sub 100^ (ApoB^sub 100^), apolipoprotein E ...
Effects of Urea Infusion on the Uterine Luminal Environment of Dairy Cows
Sep 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Previous research indicates that high plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) concentrations are associated with decreased fertility in lactating dairy cows. The objective of this study was to monitor changes in the uterine environment during acute elevation of PUN. Lactating dairy cows (n = ...
Effect of Free Stall Surface on Daily Activity Patterns in Dairy Cows with Relevance to Lameness Prevalence
Sep 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Differences in behavior of nonlame cows, slightly lame cows, and moderately lame cows in 6 free stall barns with sand bedding (SAND) vs. 6 free stall barns with rubber-crumb geotextile mattress surfaces (MAT) were documented in Wisconsin dairy herds. All lactating cows in the 12 ...
Acute Bovine Laminitis: A New Induction Model Using Alimentary Oligofructose Overload
Sep 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Twelve dairy heifers were used to examine the clinical response of an alimentary oligofructose overload. Six animals were divided into 3 subgroups, and each was given a bolus dose of 13, 17, or 21 g/kg of oligofructose orally. The control group (n = 6) was sham-treated with tap ...
Economics of Delayed Replacement When Cow Performance is Seasonal*
Sep 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT An optimal dairy cow culling and replacement model was developed; it included the option to delay entering heifers into the herd after cows were culled. The objective was to investigate whether leaving a slot temporarily vacant, to enter a heifer at a more favorable time of the ...
Production and Health of Pasture-Fed Dairy Cattle Following Oral Treatment with the Ionophore Lasalocid
Sep 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of feeding the ionophore lasalocid on the productivity and health of seasonally calving, pasture-fed dairy cows. Dairy cows (n = 1020) from 4 herds were enrolled in a split-herd, prospective intervention study. Cows were blocked by ...
Effects of Amide-Protected and Lipid-Encapsulated Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) Supplements on Milk Fat Synthesis*
Sep 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT The trans-10, cis-12 isomer of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a potent inhibitor of milk fat synthesis; its ability to reduce milk fat output in a controlled manner as a feed supplement, has potential management applications in the dairy industry. The effectiveness of dietary ...
Effects of Barley Silage Chop Length on Productivity and Rumen Conditions of Lactating Dairy Cows Fed a Total Mixed Ration
Sep 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Barley silage, cut at the early dough stage, was chopped long (19 mm) or short (10 mm), ensiled, and incorporated into total mixed rations (TMR). The TMR contained (dry matter [DM] basis) either 58.0 or 41.4% concentrate and either short- or long-chopped barley silage. Reducing ...
Genetic Components of Days Open Under Heat Stress
Sep 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT A reaction norm approach was used to estimate the genetic parameters of days open (DO) with a model that accounted for heat stress. Data included DO records for Georgia, Tennessee, and North Carolina in the Southeastern United States. A fixed effect model included herd-year, ...
Multivariate Threshold Model Analysis of Clinical Mastitis in Multiparous Norwegian Dairy Cattle
Sep 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT A Bayesian multivariate threshold model was fitted to clinical mastitis (CM) records from 372,227 daughters of 2411 Norwegian Dairy Cattle (NRF) sires. All cases of veterinary-treated CM occurring from 30 d before first calving to culling or 300 d after third calving were ...
Economic Value of Female Fertility and its Relationship with Profit in Spanish Dairy Cattle
Sep 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT A data file of 225,085 inseminations and 120,713 lactations from 63,160 Holstein cows was analyzed to obtain female fertility economic value according to number of inseminations per service period (INS). Fertility cost (FCOST) was included in a bioeconomic model, taking into ...
Trace of Native Cattle in Japanese Holstein Assessed by Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Polymorphism
Sep 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT On the basis of sequence variation in the displacement loop region of mtDNA, 588 Japanese and North American Holstein cows were classified into 5 mitochondrial haplotypes, which were found in Japanese Black cattle. One of the haplotypes (named type 1), which was present at the ...
Use of Impact Testing to Predict Softness, Cow Preference, and Hardening Over Time of Stall Bases
Sep 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to assess the softness and durability of commercially available free-stall bases, and to determine the relationship of stall base softness to cow preference. Clegg impact values were recorded at the University of Wisconsin-Madison Arlington ...
Factors Affecting the Decision to Exit Dairy Farming: A Two-Stage Regression Analysis
Sep 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Substantial attention has focused on the dairy industry because of a concern that many producers are getting out of dairying. Although low milk prices are postulated as a primary reason for exits from dairying, other factors may be important as well. Data from a representative ...