Journal of Dairy Science back issues from November 2005:
NEWS AND EVENTS
Nov 01, 2005; ... Positions Available. . . The deadline for the submission of position announcements for publication in the Journal of Dairy Science is the 25th day of the month, two months preceding the month of issue. For example, ads submitted by May 25 will be printed in the July issue of the ...
Compositional Factors Associated with Calcium Lactate Crystallization in Smoked Cheddar Cheese
Nov 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Previous researchers have observed that surface crystals of calcium lactate sometimes develop on some Cheddar cheese samples but not on other samples produced from the same vat of milk. The causes of within-vat variation in crystallization behavior have not been identified. This ...
Quantitative Determination of Thermally Derived Off-Flavor Compounds in Milk Using Solid-Phase Microextraction and Gas Chromatography
Nov 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Many volatile compounds generated during the thermal processing of milk have been associated with cooked, stale, and sulfurous notes in milk and are considered as off-flavor by most consumers. A headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME)/gas chromatographic technique for ...
Influence of Starter Culture on Flavor and Headspace Volatile Profiles of Fermented Whey and Whey Produced from Fermented Milk
Nov 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Rennet whey and skim milk were compared as media for fermentation by commercial cheese, yogurt, and probiotic starter cultures. Effect of culture, medium, and their interaction on flavor was assessed and compared by sensory descriptive analysis and headspace volatile analysis by ...
Gas-Flushed Packaging Contributes to Calcium Lactate Crystals in Cheddar Cheese
Nov 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Gas-flushed packaging is commonly used for cheese shreds and cubes to prevent aggregation and loss of individual identity. Appearance of a white haze on cubed cheese is unappealing to consumers, who may refrain from buying, resulting in lost revenue to manufacturers. The ...
Influence of Calcium, pH, and Moisture on Protein Matrix Structure and Functionality in Direct-Acidified Nonfat Mozzarella Cheese
Nov 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Influence of calcium, moisture, and pH on structure and functionality of direct-acid, nonfat Mozzarella cheese was studied. Acetic acid and citric acid were used to acidify milk to pH 5.8 and 5.3 with the aim of producing cheeses with 70 and 66% moisture, and 0.6 and 0.3% ...
The Occurrence of Staphylococcus aureus on a Farm with Small-Scale Production of Raw Milk Cheese
Nov 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT In recent years, the small-scale production of raw milk products has increased in Norway, and there is some concern that such foods may pose a risk of staphylococcal food poisoning to consumers. The aim of the study was to evaluate potential sources of contamination of raw milk ...
Relationship Between Physical Properties of Casein Micelles and Rheology of Skim Milk Concentrate
Nov 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT The properties of casein micelles in milk concentrates are of interest for the use of ultrafiltered (UF) skim milk concentrates in dairy products, and for the general understanding of colloidal stability and behavior of the casein micelle. The rheological behavior of UF skim ...
Response of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Staphylococcus aureus to the Thermal Stress Occurring in Model Manufactures of Grana Padano Cheese
Nov 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of temperature in the technology of production of Grana cheese against Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Staphylococcus aureus. According to the technology of production, the ...
Impact of Modifications in Acid Development on the Insoluble Calcium Content and Rheological Properties of Cheddar Cheese
Nov 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Cheddar cheese was made from milk concentrated by reverse osmosis (RO) to increase the lactose content or from whole milk. Manufacturing parameters (pH at coagulant addition, whey drainage, and milling) were altered to produce cheeses with different total Ca contents and low pH ...
Characterization of Dried Whey Protein Concentrate and Isolate Flavor
Nov 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT The flavor of whey protein concentrates (WPC 80) and whey protein isolates (WPI) was studied using instrumental and sensory techniques. Four WPC 80 and 4 WPI, less than 3 mo old, were collected in duplicate from 6 manufacturers in the United States. Samples were rehydrated and ...
Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase I in Liver of Periparturient Dairy Cows: Effects of Prepartum Intake, Postpartum Induction of Ketosis, and Periparturient Disorders*
Nov 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Thirty-five multiparous Holstein cows were used to determine the role of mitochondrial carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I) in liver on peripartal adaptations of fatty acid metabolism. From dry-off to parturition, cows were fed a diet at either ad libitum (n = 17) or ...
The Effect of Raw Milk Microbial Flora on the Sensory Characteristics of Salers-Type Cheeses
Nov 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT The sensory characteristics of Salers Protected Denomination of Origin raw-milk cheeses are linked to the biochemical composition of the raw material (milk) and to the resultant microbial community. To evaluate the influence of the microbial community on sensory characteristics, ...
Meta-Analysis to Assess Effect of Prepubertal Average Daily Gain of Holstein Heifers on First-Lactation Production*
Nov 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Decreased mammary development has been observed as prepubertal average daily gain (ADG) is increased; however, responses in first-lactation milk production to alterations in prepubertal ADG have been inconsistent across several experiments. Due to the continuous nature of ADG, ...
Straw-Thawing Method Interacts with Sire and Extender to Influence Sperm Motility and Conception Rates of Dairy Cows
Nov 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Influence of interactions of straw-thawing method with sire and extender type (milk or egg yolk-based) on postthaw sperm motility and conception rates of dairy cows was assessed. In experiment 1, sperm from 10 Holstein sires were frozen in egg yolk citrate and heated whole-milk ...
Effects of Week of Lactation and Genetic Selection for Milk Yield on Milk Fatty Acid Composition in Holstein Cows*
Nov 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Control (CL) and select line (SL) dairy cows (n = 22) managed identically but differing in milk yield (>4100 kg/305 d) were used to determine differences in milk fatty acid profile as lactation progressed. Milk yield was recorded daily and milk samples were collected during ...
Monitoring Indices of Cow Comfort in Free-Stall-Housed Dairy Herds*
Nov 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Indices of cow comfort are used widely by consultants in the dairy industry, with a general understanding that they are representative of lying behavior. This study examines the influence of stall base type (sand or a geotextile mattress filled with rubber crumbs) and time of ...
Effect of Increased Milking Frequency in Early Lactation With or Without Recombinant Bovine Somatotropin*
Nov 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Multiparous Holstein cows (n = 300) were assigned to 1 of 2 milking frequency treatments at parturition. Cows were either milked 6 times (6×) or 3 times (3×) daily to determine effects on early lactation milk yields and subsequent lactation persistency with or without use of ...
Continuous-Data Diagnostic Tests for Paratuberculosis as a Multistage Disease
Nov 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT We devised a general method for interpretation of multistage diseases using continuous-data diagnostic tests. As an example, we used paratuberculosis as a multistage infection with 2 stages of infection as well as a noninfected state. Using data from a Danish research project, a ...
Effect of Pregnancy and Extended Lactation on Milk Production in Dairy Goats Milked Once Daily
Nov 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Thirty multiparous Murciano-Granadina dairy goats milked once daily were used to study the lactational effects of an extended 24-mo kidding interval (K24; n = 14) compared with the traditional 12-mo kidding interval (K12; n = 16). Goats were divided into 2 groups at wk 29 of ...
Bulk Tank Somatic Cell Counts Analyzed by Statistical Process Control Tools to Identify and Monitor Subclinical Mastitis Incidence
Nov 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between monthly Dairy Herd Improvement (DHI) subclinical mastitis and new infection rate estimates and daily bulk tank somatic cell count (SCC) summarized by statistical process control tools. Dairy Herd Improvement ...
Metabolic Fates of Ammonia-N in Ruminal Epithelial and Duodenal Mucosal Cells Isolated from Growing Sheep
Nov 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this experiment was to determine the capability of ruminant gut tissues to detoxify ammonia-N using short-term incubations of isolated cells in vitro. Ruminal epithelial cells (REC) and duodenal mucosal cells (DMC) were isolated from growing Texel-Polypay ram ...
Feeding Patterns and Performance of Cows in Controlled Cow Traffic in Automatic Milking Systems
Nov 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Two groups of dairy cows monitored from 3 to 19 wk postpartum were subjected to 2 different cow traffic routines in an automatic milking system with control gates and an open waiting area. Using different time settings in the control gates, the groups of cows were separated by ...
Quantitative Risk Assessment of Cryptosporidium Species Infection in Dairy Calves
Nov 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Cryptosporidium parvum is a zoonotic protozoan that infects many different mammals including cattle and humans. Cryptosporidiosis has become a concern for dairy producers because of the direct losses due to calves not performing well and the potential for environmental ...
Short Communication: Prediction of Mean Particle Size and Proportion of Very Long Fiber Particles from Simplified Sieving Results
Nov 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Mean particle size of alfalfa silage and corn silage can be predicted based on material retained above a screen with square-hole diagonal of 9 mm. The regression equation is mean particle length (mm) = 1.16 + 13.00 × cumulative fraction of as-fed mass trapped on or above the ...
Lactational Response of Cows Fed Condensed Corn Distillers Solubles*
Nov 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Fifteen Holstein cows (6 multiparous and 9 primiparous) in early lactation were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design with 5-wk periods to evaluate the use of condensed corn distillers solubles (CCDS) in the total mixed ration. Diets were control (0%), low (5%), or high ...
Expression of Nuclear Receptor and Target Genes in Liver and Intestine of Neonatal Calves Fed Colostrum and Vitamin A
Nov 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Nuclear receptors (NR), including retinoic acid and retinoid X receptors (RAR, RXR), pregnane X receptor (PXR), constitutive androstane receptor, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARα) modify the expression of other genes, such as cytochrome p450 enzymes ...
Milk Production from Holstein Half Udders After Concurrent Thirty- and Seventy-Day Dry Periods*,[dagger]
Nov 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to use a within-cow, half-udder model to compare the effect of cessation of milk removal from mammary quarters within respective half udders at either 30 or 70 d before expected calving date (ECD) on the ability of the half udders to subsequently ...
The Effect of Production Level on Feed Intake, Milk Yield, and Endocrine Responses to Two Fatty Acid Supplements in Lactating Cows*
Nov 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Animal responses to dietary treatment may interact with metabolic state, which differs for cows across a wide range of milk yield. Responses to dietary saturated vs. unsaturated fatty acid (FA) supplement was evaluated using 32 multiparous Holstein cows arranged in a crossover ...
Effect of Dietary Level of Rumen-Degraded Protein on Production and Nitrogen Metabolism in Lactating Dairy Cows*
Nov 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Twenty-eight (8 with ruminaL cannulas) lactating Holstein cows were assigned to 4 × 4 Latin squares and fed diets with different levels of rumen-degraded protein (RDP) to study the effect of RDP on production and N metabolism. Diets contained [dry matter (DM) basis] 37% corn ...
Effects of the Osteopontin Gene Variants on Milk Production Traits in Dairy Cattle
Nov 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Osteopontin (OPN) is a highly phosphorylated glycoprotein whose gene has been cloned and sequenced in different species. Several whole genome scans have identified quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting milk production traits on bovine chromosome 6 close to the osteopontin gene ...
Biohydrogenation of Fatty Acids and Digestibility of Fresh Alfalfa or Alfalfa Hay Plus Sucrose in Continuous Culture*
Nov 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT The pattern of biohydrogenation of fatty acids from fresh alfalfa or alfalfa hay supplemented with 3 concentrations (0, 4, and 8%) of sucrose was studied at a constant pH of 6.2. Four continuous culture fermenters were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design to test the hypothesis ...
Growth, Reproduction, and Lactation in Somatic Cell Cloned Cows with Short Telomeres
Nov 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT We previously showed that telomere lengths of 10 somatic cell cloned cows were significantly shorter than normal. In this study, we investigated growth, reproduction, and lactation in these animals to determine if shortened telomeres have any effect on these characteristics. Six ...
High-Concentrate Diets and Polyunsaturated Oils Alter Trans and Conjugated Isomers in Bovine Rumen, Blood, and Milk
Nov 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Three Holstein cows were fed a high-concentrate diet (65:35 concentrate to forage) supplemented with either 5% sunflower oil (SO), 5% linseed oil (LO), or 2.5% fish oil (FO) to examine effects on biohydrogenation and fatty acid profiles in rumen, blood plasma, and milk. Diets ...
Disinfection of Dairy and Animal Farm Wastewater with Radiofrequency Power
Nov 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Radiofrequency (RF) power was investigated as a new, physical (nonchemical), thermal process to disinfect wastewater from dairy and animal facilities. Samples (n = 38) from 8 dairy, 2 calf, and 3 swine facilities in California were collected over a 3-yr period and characterized ...
Comparison of Four Markers for Quantifying Microbial Protein Flow from the Rumen of Lactating Dairy Cows*
Nov 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Eight ruminally cannulated lactating cows from a study on the effects of dietary rumen degraded protein (RDP) on production and N metabolism were used to compare ^sup 15^N, total purines, amino acid (AA) profiles, and urinary excretion of purine derivatives (PD) as microbial ...
Effect of Abomasal Pectin Infusion on Digestion and Nitrogen Balance in Lactating Dairy Cows
Nov 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Two experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that increasing carbohydrate fermentation in the large intestine would increase intestinal conversion of blood urea N to microbial protein, thereby reducing urinary N output. In experiment 1, 3 multiparous Holstein cows were ...
Detection of Quantitative Trait Loci Influencing Conformation Traits and Calving Ease in Holstein-Friesian Cattle
Nov 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT An extension of our previous genome scan of a North American Holstein-Friesian population was conducted to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting conformation traits. Resource families consisted of 1404 sons of 10 elite sires. Genome coverage was estimated to be 2713.5 ...
Genetic Relationships for Dairy Performance Between Large-Scale and Small-Scale Farm Conditions
Nov 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Genotype by environment interaction can be detected via the estimation of genetic correlations between environments under an animal model based on data comprising genetic links between the strata. Genetic correlations were estimated for protein yield of Holstein cows within and ...
2005 ADSA-ASAS Sectional Awards
Nov 01, 2005; ... 2005 Northeast ADSA-ASAS Distinguished Service Award W. Ray Stricklin is this year's recipient of the 2005 Northeast ADSA-ASAS Distinguished Service Award. Dr. Stricklin's entire career as an animal scientist, beginning as a graduate student at Penn State and continuing at the University ...