Journal of Dairy Science back issues from May 2006:
ADSA Foundation Scholar Award: Implementing Waste Solutions for Dairy and Livestock Farms
May 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT Water quality in the United States is threatened by contamination with nutrients, primarily nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Animal manure can be a valuable resource for farmers, providing nutrients, improving soil structure, and increasing vegetative cover to reduce erosion ...
Grassland: A Global Resource
May 01, 2006; ... Book Review. Grassland: A Global Resource D. A. McGilloway, ed. Wageningen Academic Publishers, PO Box 220, NL-6700, Wageningen, The Netherlands; www.wageningen academic.com. ISBN 907699871 X. This book contains a compilation of 4 plenary papers and 29 invited papers presented at the XX ...
Increasing the Protein Content of Ice Cream1
May 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT Vanilla ice cream was made with a mix composition of 10.5% milk fat, 10.5% milk SNF, 12% beet sugar, and 4% corn syrup solids. None of the batches made contained stabilizer or emulsifier. The control (treatment 1) contained 3.78% protein. Treatments 2 and 5 contained 30% more ...
Journal of Dairy Science 2005 Editorial Report
May 01, 2006; ... I bring you greetings on behalf of the editors for the Journal of Dairy Science (JDS). Thanks to Dr. Steve Nickerson from the University of Georgia for serving as Editor-in-Chief for JDS until the end of 2005. Dr. Nickerson has provided outstanding leadership to JDS and he witnessed an ...
NEWS AND EVENTS
May 01, 2006; ... Positions Available. . . The deadline for the submission of position announcements for publication in the Journal of Dairy Science is the 25th day of the month, two months preceding the month of issue. For example, ads submitted by May 25 will be printed in the July issue of the ...
Rapid Determination of Swiss Cheese Composition by Fourier Transform Infrared/Attenuated Total Reflectance Spectroscopy
May 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT There is a need for rapid and simple techniques that can be used to predict the quality of cheese. The aim of this research was to develop a simple and rapid screening tool for monitoring Swiss cheese composition by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Twenty Swiss ...
A Survey of Extractable Persistent Organochlorine Pollutants in Chinese Commercial Yogurt
May 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT Eighteen Chinese commercial brands of yogurt were collected from supermarkets from December 2002 to April 2003, for characterization of organochlorine pesticides (OCP) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB). Besides monitoring OCP and PCB by gas chromatography, the levels of ...
Leptin Does Not Act Directly on Mammary Epithelial Cells in Prepubertal Dairy Heifers
May 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT The mammary gland of prepubertal dairy heifers consists of parenchyma expanding into the stroma, a matrix of connective and adipose tissue. High planes of nutrition increase stromal mass, but inhibit growth of parenchyma. The parenchyma consists of epithelial cells proliferating ...
Effects of a Lactobacillus casei Synbiotic on Serum Lipoprotein, Intestinal Microflora, and Organic Acids in Rats
May 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT The main aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of 3 synbiotic diets: 1) containing Lactobacillus casei ASCC 292 and fructooligosaccharides (LF diet); 2) containing L. casei ASCC 292 and maltodextrin (LM diet); and 3) containing L. casei ASCC 292, ...
Probiotic Cheese Production Using Lactobacillus casei Cells Immobilized on Fruit Pieces
May 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT Lactobacillus casei cells were immobilized on fruit (apple and pear) pieces and the immobilized biocatalysts were used separately as adjuncts in probiotic cheese making. In parallel, cheese with free L. casei cells and cheese only from renneted milk were prepared. The produced ...
Interaction of Brine Concentration, Brine Temperature, and Presalting on Salt Penetration in Ragusano Cheese1
May 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT Thirty-one 3.6-kg blocks of Ragusano cheese were made on each of 6 different days (in different weeks) starting with a different batch of milk on each day. On d 1, 3, and 5, the cheeses were not presalted and on d 2, 4, and 6, all cheeses were presalted (PS). One of the 31 ...
Nonstarter Lactic Acid Bacteria Biofilms and Calcium Lactate Crystals in Cheddar Cheese
May 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT A sanitized cheese plant was swabbed for the presence of nonstarter lactic acid bacteria (NSLAB) biofilms. Swabs were analyzed to determine the sources and microorganisms responsible for contamination. In pilot plant experiments, cheese vats filled with standard cheese milk ...
Comparison of Two Strategies for Systemic Antibiotic Treatment of Dairy Cows with Retained Fetal Membranes: Preventive vs. Selective Treatment
May 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a blanket systemic preventive treatment (PT) of cows having retained fetal membranes (RFM) with 1 mg/kg of ceftiofur administered the first day after calving regardless of their body temperature. This strategy was ...
Effect of Milking Frequency and Diet on Milk Production, Energy Balance, and Reproduction in Dairy Cows
May 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine the effects of reduced milking frequency and increased dietary energy density in early lactation on milk production, energy balance, and subsequent fertility. Sixty-six spring-calving, multiparous Holstein-Friesian cows were assigned ...
Acute Phase Proteins in Bovine Milk in an Experimental Model of Staphylococcus aureus Subclinical Mastitis
May 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT The objectives were to establish the origin of 2 acute phase proteins in milk during subclinical bovine mastitis and to characterize the relationship between those proteins in milk and blood. Haptoglobin (Hp) and mammary-associated serum amyloid A (M-SAA3) appear in milk during ...
Risk Factors for Reduced Locomotion in Dairy Cattle on Nineteen Farms in The Netherlands
May 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT A 3-point locomotion scoring system was used that incorporated the position of the back of cows while standing and when walking to investigate risk factors for elevated locomotion scores of 1,450 dairy cows on 19 farms in The Netherlands. Each of the farms was visited twice in ...
A Conjugated Linoleic Acid Supplement Containing trans-10, cis-12 Reduces Milk Fat Synthesis in Lactating Sheep1
May 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT The efficacy of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplements containing trans-10, cis-12 for reducing milk fat synthesis has been well documented in dairy cows, but studies with other ruminant species are less convincing, and there have been no investigations of this in sheep ....
Endoscopic Examination and Tissue Sampling of the Bovine Teat and Udder Cistern
May 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the application of an endoscopic technique to investigate the teat and udder cisterns of the bovine mammary gland, and to biopsy tissues within the cisterns. An anesthetic protocol for application in standing animals was designed, using a ...
Prevention of Fatty Liver in Transition Dairy Cows by Subcutaneous Injections of Glucagon1
May 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT The main objective of this study was to test the extent to which injecting glucagon subcutaneously for 14 d beginning at d 2 postpartum would prevent fatty liver development in transition dairy cows. Twenty-four multiparous Holstein cows were fed 6 kg of cracked corn in addition ...
Evaluation of Net Energy Expenditures of Dairy Cows According to Body Weight Changes over a Full Lactation
May 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT Equations that predict daily dry matter intake (DMI) of a lactating cow could be evaluated by comparing the predicted accumulation of energy in body weight (BW) over the course of lactation with the observed BW evolution. However, to do so requires that first the energy balance ...
Prediction of Dry Matter Intake Throughout Lactation in a Dynamic Model of Dairy Cow Performance
May 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT In the dynamic modeling of dairy cow performance over a full lactation, the difference between net energy intake and net energy used for maintenance, growth, and output in milk accumulates in body reserves. A simple dynamic model of net energy balance was constructed to select, ...
NutriDense Corn Grain and Corn Silage for Dairy Cows
May 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT Twenty multiparous Holstein cows, 4 of them surgically fitted with ruminal cannulas, were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square to compare the effects of whole-plant silage and grain produced from NutriDense (ND), leafy NutriDense (LND), or a conventional yellow dent (YD) ...
Effect of Total Mixed Ration Composition on Fermentation and Efficiency of Ruminal Microbial Crude Protein Synthesis In Vitro
May 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT The goal of this study was to identify dietary factors that affect fermentation and efficiency of microbial crude protein (CP^sub M^) synthesis in the rumen in vitro. We used 16 total mixed, dairy cow rations with known digestibilities that varied in ingredient composition and ...
Effect of Total Mixed Ration Composition on Amino Acid Profiles of Different Fractions of Ruminal Microbes In Vitro
May 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT The objective was to study the variation in the amino acid profile of microbial fractions obtained after feeding 16 total mixed rations for dairy cows in a Rusitec. Each ration was incubated for 15 d in 3-fold replicate. The rations showed high variation in the inclusion level ...
Variation of Milk Citrate with Stage of Lactation and De Novo Fatty Acid Synthesis in Dairy Cows
May 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT Citrate is a normal constituent of milk that affects milk-processing characteristics. It is an intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and plays an indirect role in fat synthesis by providing reducing equivalents in the form of NADPH. The objective of this study was to ...
Effects of Methionine and Lysine on Fermentation In Vitro and In Vivo, Nutrient Flow to the Intestine, and Milk Production1
May 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT Three experiments were conducted to investigate the feasibility of using crystalline methionine and lysine as protein supplements for lactating Holstein cows. In the first experiment, Met (DL-methionine) and Lys (Llysine-HCl) were added to diets used in continuous culture ...
Effect of Ruminally Protected Methionine on Splanchnic Metabolism of Amino Acids in Lactating Dairy Cows1
May 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT The effect of ruminally protected Met (RPM) on splanchnic metabolism was measured in 3 primiparous and 3 multiparous Holstein cows. Doses of RPM (0,36, and 72 g/d) were tested in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design, over 3 consecutive 14-d experimental periods. A mixed ration ...
Effect of Amount and Ruminal Degradability of Soybean Meal Protein on Performance of Lactating Dairy Cows1
May 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT Twenty-eight Holstein cows (4 with ruminal cannulas) were blocked by days in milk into 7 groups and then randomly assigned to 1 of 7 balanced 4 × 4 Latin square diet sequences. The diets contained [dry matter (DM) basis] 20% alfalfa silage, 35% corn silage, and 45% concentrate ...
Effect of Corn Silage Hybrid and Metabolizable Protein Supply on Nitrogen Metabolism of Lactating Dairy Cows1
May 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of corn silage hybrid and supply of metabolizable protein (MP) on manure excretion and N metabolism by lactating dairy cows. Eight Holstein cows in midlactation (replicated 4 × 4 Latin square with 21-d periods) were fed 1 of ...
Developmental Changes in the Kinetics of Glucose and Urea in Holstein Calves
May 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT Because weaning is the point when the nutrient composition of feed changes for the neonatal ruminant, the present experiment was conducted to assess the developmental changes in the kinetics of glucose and urea over this period, using stable isotopes of glucose and urea, at 4, ...
Short Communication: Canola Meal as a Substitute for Cottonseed Meal in Diet of Midlactation Holsteins
May 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT The growing demand by humans for monounsaturated vegetable oils has provided canola meal (CM) for use in dairy diets because it possesses an excellent nitrogen profile for rumen microbes. Six midlactation cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design with 3 periods of ...
Modeling Small-Scale Dairy Farms in Central Mexico Using Multi-Criteria Programming
May 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT Milk supply from Mexican dairy farms does not meet demand and small-scale farms can contribute toward closing the gap. Two multi-criteria programming techniques, goal programming and compromise programming, were used in a study of small-scale dairy farms in central Mexico. To ...
Effects of Replacing Grass Silage with Barley Silage in Dairy Cow Diets
May 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT This study examined the effects of gradually replacing grass silage with whole-crop barley silage on feed intake, ruminal and total tract digestibility, and milk yield in lactating dairy cows. Four dairy cows in early lactation, equipped with rumen cannulas, were fed 4 diets ...
Supplementation of 1% L-Glutamine to Milk Replacer Does Not Overcome the Growth Depression in Calves Caused by Soy Protein Concentrate1
May 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT Glutamine, an important fuel and biosynthetic precursor in intestinal epithelial cells, helps maintain intestinal integrity and function when supplemented to the diet of many species. The hypothesis tested here was that glutamine supplementation would overcome the decreased ...
Effect of Dietary Crude Protein Concentration on Ruminal Nitrogen Metabolism in Lactating Dairy Cows1
May 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT Ten lactating Holstein cows fitted with ruminal cannulas that were part of a larger feeding trial were blocked by days in milk into 2 groups and then randomly assigned to 1 of 2 incomplete 5 × 5 Latin squares. Diets contained [dry matter (DM) basis] 25% alfalfa silage, 25% corn ...
Effect of Dietary Crude Protein Concentration on Milk Production and Nitrogen Utilization in Lactating Dairy Cows1
May 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT Forty lactating Holstein cows, including 10 with ruminal cannulas, were blocked by days in milk into 8 groups and then randomly assigned to 1 of 8 incomplete 5 × 5 Latin squares to assess the effects of 5 levels of dietary crude protein (CP) on milk production and N use. Diets ...
Short Communication: Comparison of Protocols to Estimate Twenty-Four-Hour Fat and Protein Percentages for Herds with a Robotic Milking System
May 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT Currently, different protocols are used in various countries to estimate the 24-h fat and protein percentages for dairy cows that are milked with an automatic milking system. These protocols include estimating 24-h fat and protein percentages from 1) single samples from all ...
Dry Period Length to Maximize Production Across Adjacent Lactations and Lifetime Production
May 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT The primary objectives of this research were to determine the dry period lengths that maximize production across adjacent lactations and also dry period length that maximizes lifetime yield. Effect of days dry (DD) after lactations 1 through 3 were determined separately for both ...
Optimization of Dairy Cattle Breeding Programs for Different Environments with Genotype by Environment Interaction
May 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT Dairy cattle breeding organizations tend to sell semen to breeders operating in different environments and genotype × environment interaction may play a role. The objective of this study was to investigate optimization of dairy cattle breeding programs for 2 environments with ...
Association of the OLR1 Gene with Milk Composition in Holstein Dairy Cattle
May 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT Oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor (OLR1) is the major protein that binds, internalizes, and degrades oxidized low-density lipoprotein. The role of OLR1 in lipid metabolism and the results of previous wholegenome scan studies prompted the investigation of OLR1 as a ...
Benefits of Cooperation Between Breeding Programs in the Presence of Genotype by Environment Interaction
May 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT Dairy cattle breeding programs and dairy farmers are selecting sires and dams across environments. Genotype × environment interaction (G × E) limits the possibilities for cooperation between breeding programs operating in different environments. The objectives of this study were ...
Short Communication: A Milk Trait-Associated Polymorphism in the Bovine Growth Hormone Receptor Gene Does Not Affect Receptor Signaling
May 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT Growth hormone (GH), also known as somatotropin, stimulates milk production in cows. At the tissue level, the action of GH is mediated by the GH receptor (GHR) and the receptor-activated intracellular signaling pathway involving Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and signal transducer and ...
Genetic and Phenotypic Relationships Among Locomotion Type Traits, Profit, Production, Longevity, and Fertility in Spanish Dairy Cows
May 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT The phenotypic and genetic relationships of 3 locomotion traits with profit, production, longevity, and fertility traits were studied to determine the importance of locomotion traits for dairy producers. Two data sets including official milk records and type classification ...
Influence of Prion Protein Genotypes on Milk Production Traits in Spanish Churra Sheep
May 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to analyze the possible relationships between milk production traits and prion protein genotypes in Spanish Churra sheep. For this purpose, 2 analyses were carried out. First, an association study was performed of the prion protein genotypes of 12,533 ...
Genetic Correlations Between Milk Production and Health and Fertility Depending on Herd Environment
May 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT High milk production in dairy cattle can have negative side effects on health and fertility traits. This paper explores the genetic relationship of milk yield with health and fertility depending on herd environment. A total of 71,720 lactations from heifers calving in 1997 to ...
Genetic Variation of Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis Infection in US Holsteins
May 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to estimate genetic variability of Mycobacterium avium ssp.paratuberculosis infection in US Holsteins. Blood and fecal samples were collected primarily from daughters of 12 bulls in their second or third lactation. Routine disease testing of the ...
Estimation of Genetic Correlations Among Countries in International Dairy Sire Evaluations with Structural Models
May 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT The increase in the number of participating countries and the lack of genetic ties between some countries has lead to statistical and computational difficulties in estimating the genetic (co)variance matrix needed for international sire evaluation of milk yield and other traits ....
Adoption of Security Systems By Dairy Farms to Address Bioterrorist Threats in the Intermountain United States1
May 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT Data generated from a survey of western dairy farms was used to determine the characteristics of dairy farmers who have undertaken to improve security measures on their farms during the past 2 or 3 yr. The findings suggest that decisions to improve on-farm security are ...
The Accuracy of Seven Mathematical Functions in Modeling Dairy Cattle Lactation Curves Based on Test-Day Records From Varying Sample Schemes
May 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT Daily milk yield over the course of the lactation follows a curvilinear pattern, so a suitable function is required to model this curve. In this study, 7 functions (Wood, Wilmink, Ali and Schaeffer, cubic splines, and 3 Legendre polynomials) were used to model the lactation ...
Prediction of Nitrogen Excretion in Dairy Farms Located in North Florida: A Comparison of Three Models1
May 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT The increasing N concentrations in surface and groundwater in north Florida emphasize the need to identify sources of N loss and ways to reduce them. The amount of N excretion produced by dairy farms and deposited into the Suwannee River agro-ecosystem is being heavily ...
Development and Daily Management of an Explicit Strategy of Nonuse of Antimicrobial Drugs in Twelve Danish Organic Dairy Herds
May 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT Promotion of animal health and well-being at the individual animal and herd level is an important goal in organic farming. At the same time, chemical products affecting the natural balance among living organisms are prohibited in all areas of the organic farm. From an animal ...
A Systems Comparison of Once- Versus Twice-Daily Milking of Pastured Dairy Cows
May 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to compare the effect of milking frequency (once vs. twice-daily milking) and breed (Holstein-Friesians vs. Jerseys) on milk and milk solids (MS; milk fat + milk protein), yield per cow, milk composition, somatic cell count and lactation length; ...
Erratum
May 01, 2006; ... Influence of Condensed Sweet Cream Buttermilk on the Manufacture, Yield, and Functionality of Pizza Cheese S. Govindasamy-Lucey, T. Lin, J. J. Jaeggi, M. E. Johnson, and J. A. Lucey J. Dairy Sci. 89:454-467 Because ...
Use of Chitosan for Selective Removal of [beta]-Lactoglobulin from Whey
May 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT A method is described for selective removal of undenatured β-lactoglobulin from cheese whey based on interactions between whey proteins and chitosan. Whey was previously clarified at pH 4.5 with addition of chitosan (25 mg/100 mL), and selective removal of ...