Journal of Dairy Science back issues from July 2006:
NEWS AND EVENTS
Jul 01, 2006; ... Positions Available. . . The deadline for the submission of position announcements for publication in the Journal of Dairy Science is the 25th day of the month, two months preceding the month of issue. For example, ads submitted by May 25 will be printed in the July issue of the ...
Short Communication: Effect of Exopolysaccharide Isolated from "Viili" on the Adhesion of Probiotics and Pathogens to Intestinal Mucus
Jul 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT The strong ropy character of the Scandinavian fermented milk viili is conferred by the exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by lactococcal strains. These biopolymers can be responsible for some health benefits. We have assessed the influence of the EPS fraction isolated from ...
Impact of Gelation Conditions and Structural Breakdown on the Physical and Sensory Properties of Stirred Yogurts
Jul 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT The objectives of this research were to understand structure-function relationships between the initial yogurt gels and stirred yogurts made from these gels. Yogurt gels were made from milk preheated at 75 or 85°C for 30 min and incubated at 32, 38, or 44°C. Yogurt gels were ...
True Ileal Amino Acid Digestibility of Goat and Cow Milk Infant Formulas
Jul 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT Goat milk is used as an alternative to cow milk for the production of infant formulas. However, little is known about the protein quality and, specifically, about the digestible AA pattern of goat milk formulas compared with their cow milk counterparts. In this study, the true ...
Modeling of Lactose Crystallization and Color Changes in Model Infant Foods
Jul 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT Lactose crystallization and color changes in formulas containing β-lactoglobulin and gelatinized starch were investigated. Model infant formulas were prepared by colyophilization of 3 components (lactose, β-lactoglobulin, and gelatinized starch). A mixture design was ...
Casein Breakdown in Terrincho Ovine Cheese: Comparison with Bovine Cheese and with Bovine/Ovine Cheeses
Jul 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT Terrincho cheese is an uncooked, pressed cheese made from raw whole ovine milk from the "Churra da Terra Quente" breed. It requires a minimum ripening time of 30 d. A detailed evaluation of the effect of ripening time on the breakdown of the casein fractions, along with the ...
An Investigation of the Use of the MicroFoss as an Indicator of the Shelf Life of Pasteurized Fluid Milk1
Jul 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT The MicroFoss method was evaluated for its effectiveness as an indicator of fluid milk shelf life. Half-gallon, 2% fat fluid milk samples (n = 90) were obtained from a milk processing plant on 3 occasions postpasteurization and evaluated for shelf life. Sensory evaluation was ...
Sensory Evaluation of Whey and Sweet Cream Buttermilk1
Jul 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to characterize the sensory attributes of sweet cream buttermilk (CBM) and a nontraditional product, whey buttermilk (WBM). Whey buttermilk results from processing whey cream into butter. The products were evaluated as fresh liquid buttermilk ...
A Survey of Foodborne Pathogens in Bulk Tank Milk and Raw Milk Consumption Among Farm Families in Pennsylvania
Jul 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT A 2-part study was conducted to determine the risk of exposure to human pathogens from raw milk. The first part of the study focused on determining raw milk consumption habits of dairy producers. A total of 248 dairy producers from 16 counties in Pennsylvania were surveyed ....
Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Herd Somatic Cell Score in France
Jul 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT Spatial and temporal patterns of annual milk somatic cell score (ASCS) were explored in French dairy herds between 1996 and 2000 to detect regional singularities for risk of mastitis. A new cluster detection method was used, which was adapted to continuous variables and which ...
Effect of Sire Fertility and Timing of Artificial Insemination in a Presynch + Ovsynch Protocol on First-Service Pregnancy Rates
Jul 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT Sire fertility may influence pregnancy rate (PR) by differences in sperm survival in the female reproductive system and time required for capacitation and transport of sperm to site of fertilization. A predicted fertility index, Estimated Relative Conception Rate, was used to ...
Developmental Potential of Vitrified Holstein Cattle Embryos Fertilized In Vitro with Sex-Sorted Sperm
Jul 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a feasible way to utilize sex-sorted sperm to produce offspring of a predetermined sex in the livestock industry. The objective of the present study was to examine the effects of various factors on bovine IVF and to systematically improve the ...
Short Communication: Contribution of Vibration and Noise During Milking to the Somatic Cell Count of Milk
Jul 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT We investigated the hypothesis that somatic cell counts (SCO in milk are influenced by the vibration and noise experienced by dairy cows during milking. We therefore measured vibration and noise on 50 Swiss dairy farms (with herringbone, autotandem, side-by-side, or carousel ...
Bovine Claw and Limb Disorders Related to Reproductive Performance and Production Diseases
Jul 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT As part of a cross-sectional study of Norwegian Red Cattle, associations of lameness, lesions at the tarsus, claw shapes, and claw lesions with reproductive performance and production diseases were examined. Fifty-five tiestall herds and 57 freestall herds were sampled by ...
Acetyl CoA Carboxylase Shares Control of Fatty Acid Synthesis with Fatty Acid Synthase in Bovine Mammary Homogenate
Jul 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT The objectives of this research were to determine the flux control coefficients for acetyl CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthase using an in vitro preparation of bovine mammary homogenate. For an enzyme to be considered rate limiting with the use of metabolic control analysis, ...
Effect of Scraping Frequency in a Freestall Barn on Volatile Nitrogen Loss from Dairy Manure1
Jul 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of scraping frequency (2× vs. 6× daily) on N volatilization from manure on the floor of a dairy freestall barn. Three trials (crossover design) were conducted in the summers of 2001 and 2002, and in the winter of ...
The Effect of Digit Amputation or Arthrodesis Surgery on Culling and Milk Production in Holstein Dairy Cows
Jul 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT The objectives of the study were to evaluate the effects of digit amputation and arthrodesis surgery performed in the field on culling and milk production during the early postsurgical period. Cows from 3 commercial dairy farms in New York State were recruited for the study. A ...
Brisket Boards Reduce Freestall Use
Jul 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT We examined how the presence of a brisket board influenced cow preference, stall use, and position within the stall. When given a choice between stalls with or without a brisket board, 15 nonlactating cows spent 68% of their time lying in the stalls without a brisket board, ...
Milk Production of Dairy Cows Fed Wet Corn Gluten Feed During the Dry Period and Lactation1
Jul 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT An experiment was conducted with 36 primiparous and 40 multiparous Holstein cows to examine the effects of feeding wet corn gluten feed (WCGF) on 305-d milk production, dry matter (DM) intake, body condition score (BCS), and health. The experimental treatments included: 1) ...
Physically Effective Fiber: Method of Determination and Effects on Chewing, Ruminal Acidosis, and Digestion by Dairy Cows
Jul 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT A study was conducted to investigate the effects of physically effective neutral detergent fiber (peNDF) content of dairy cow diets containing corn silage as the sole forage on intake, chewing, ruminal pH, microbial protein synthesis, digestibility, and milk production. A second ...
Effect of Forage:Concentrate Ratio on Fatty Acid Composition of Rumen Bacteria Isolated From Ruminal and Duodenal Digesta
Jul 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT Four dairy cows were used to examine the effect of the dietary forage:concentrate ratio [35:65, 50:50, 65:35, and 80:20 on a dry matter (DM) basis] on the fatty acid composition of rumen bacteria isolated from the liquid (LAB) and solid (SAB) phase of the rumen and duodenal ...
Variations in Carotenoids, Fat-Soluble Micronutrients, and Color in Cows' Plasma and Milk Following Changes in Forage and Feeding Level
Jul 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT The main aim of this work was to assess factors affecting the secretion of carotenoids in cows' milk. Our objectives were 1) to determine the kinetics of the decrease in carotenoids in plasma, milk, and adipose tissues following a switch from a high- to a low- carotenoid diet; ...
Increasing the Physically Effective Fiber Content of Dairy Cow Diets May Lower Efficiency of Feed Use1
Jul 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT Barley silages varying in theoretical chop length were used to evaluate the effects of physically effective (pe) neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content of dairy cow diets on nutrient intakes, site and extent of digestion, microbial protein synthesis, and milk production. The ...
Evaluation of Palm Kernel Meal and Corn Distillers Grains in Corn Silage-Based Diets for Lactating Dairy Cows
Jul 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT The effects of increasing levels of solvent-extracted palm kernel meal (SPKM) and corn distillers dried grains (CDG) in corn silage-based diets on feed intake and milk production were examined in 2 experiments. In Experiment 1, 20 Holstein cows averaging 100 d in milk (DIM) (SD ...
Genotype by Environment Interaction for Milk Production Traits Between Organic and Conventional Dairy Cattle Production in The Netherlands
Jul 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT Estimates of genetic parameters for organic dairy farming have not been published previously, and neither is information available on the magnitude of genotype by environment interaction (G×E) between organic and conventional farming. However, organic farming is growing ...
Genetic Analysis of Persistency in the Israeli Holstein Population by the Multitrait Animal Model
Jul 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT Persistency was defined as the predicted milk production 180 d after peak divided by peak production (in %). Heritability of persistency in a multitrait analysis including parities 1 through 5 increased from 0.16 to 0.27 from first through third parity, and then declined through ...
Periparturient Climatic, Animal, and Management Factors Influencing the Incidence of Milk Fever in Grazing Systems
Jul 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT The objective of the present study was to quantify the climatic, animal, and management factors influencing incidence of milk fever (MF) in cows exposed to grazing systems. Data were extracted on 4,469 calvings of multiparous cows in a seasonal calving research herd between 1970 ...
Fertility Responses of Mexican Holstein Cows to US Sire Selection
Jul 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT Genetic relationships between 2 fertility traits and milk production were investigated using mature-equivalent lactation records of 55,162 daughters of 1,339 Holstein sires in Mexico and 499,401 daughters of 663 Holstein sires in the northeastern United States. Data sets ...
Algorithms for Dairy Barn Design: Resting, Feeding, and Exercise
Jul 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT This study presents a series of algorithms designed to assist farmers and other decision-makers in the design of dairy cattle housing. Four algorithms have been developed, each for a different basic design (2 rows head-to-head, 2 rows head-to-wall, 3 rows, or rows perpendicular ...
Calving Difficulty and Stillbirths of Pure Holsteins versus Crossbreds of Holstein with Normande, Montbeliarde, and Scandinavian Red
Jul 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT Pure Holstein cows and Normande/Holstein, Montbeliarde/Holstein, and Scandinavian Red/Holstein crossbred cows were compared for calving difficulty and stillbirth rates. Scandinavian Red was a combination of Norwegian Red and Swedish Red. All cows calved from June 2001 to August ...
2006 Midwestern Section Student Award Winners
Jul 01, 2006; ... Graduate Student Research Paper Competition-PhD Division Sponsored by Akey First Place Milton Gorocica-Buenfil obtained his BS in animal science and veterinary medicine at the Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan, Mexico, in 1998. After graduating, Milton managed a ...
Microstructure and Rheological Properties of Iranian White Cheese Coagulated at Various Temperatures
Jul 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT The effect of milk coagulation temperature on the composition, microstructure monitored using scanning electron micrographs, opacity measured by a Hunter lab system, and rheological behavior measured by uniaxial compression and small amplitude oscillatory shear were studied ....
Effect of Formulation and Manufacturing Parameters on Process Cheese Food Functionality-I. Trisodium Citrate
Jul 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this research was to use a Rapid Visco Analyzer to study the effect of natural cheese age, trisodium citrate (TSC) concentration, and mixing speed on process cheese food (PCF) functionality. In this study 3 replicates of natural cheese were manufactured, and a ...
Characterization of a New Virulent Phage (MLC-A) of Lactobacillus paracasei
Jul 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT A new virulent bacteriophage (MLC-A) was recently isolated in Argentina from a probiotic dairy product containing a strain of Lactobacillus paracasei. Observation of the lysate with an electron microscope revealed bacteriophage particles with an icosahedral capsid of 57 ± 2 nm; ...
Technical Note: A Rapid Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis Method for Analysis of Bifidobacteria
Jul 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) is a widely used and highly discriminatory molecular typing method that has been applied to bifidobacteria. However, published PFGE protocols used with bifidobacteria require between 5 and 7 d to complete. A rapid PFGE method was developed ...
Sensory, Functional, and Analytical Comparisons of Whey Butter with Other Butters1
Jul 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to characterize the sensory attributes of whey (WB), cultured (CB), and regular sweet cream (SB) unsalted butters produced at the Dairy Products Technology Center (experimental; n = 3) or obtained from commercial sources (n = 6). Nine judges were ...
Pharmacokinetics and Mammary Elimination of Imidocarb in Sheep and Goats
Jul 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT The pharmacokinetics and mammary excretion of imidocarb dipropionate, a therapeutic/prophylactic agent against a variety of tick-borne hemoparasitic diseases in domestic animals, have been investigated in sheep and goats. A commercial formulation of imidocarb dipropionate was ...
Leukocyte Populations and mRNA Expression of Inflammatory Factors in Quarter Milk Fractions at Different Somatic Cell Score Levels in Dairy Cows
Jul 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT The effect of somatic cell count (SCC) and milk fraction on milk composition, distribution of cell populations, and mRNA expression of various inflammatory parameters was studied. Therefore, quarter milk samples were defined as cisternal (C), first 400 g of alveolar (A1), and ...
Hoof Discomfort Changes How Dairy Cattle Distribute Their Body Weight
Jul 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT Lameness is a costly and widespread health and welfare problem in intensive dairy production, and reliable automated methods to detect lameness are needed. Lameness may be detected through the measurement of how cattle distribute their weight among their 4 legs, but this ...
Atypical Progesterone Profiles and Fertility in Swedish Dairy Cows
Jul 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT The incidence of normal and atypical progesterone profiles in Swedish dairy cows was studied. Data were collected from an experimental herd over 15 yr, and included 1,049 postpartum periods from 183 Swedish Holstein and 326 Swedish Red and White dairy cows. Milk progesterone ...
Short Communication: Disinfectant Containing a Complex of Skin Conditioners
Jul 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT The efficacies of 2 new teat dip formulations were tested against experimental challenge by contagious mastitis pathogens Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae over a 12-wk period. Formulations contained an iodine complex (0.5 or 1.0% iodine) and skin conditioning ...
Prevalence of Mastitis Pathogens and Their Resistance Against Antimicrobial Agents in Dairy Cows in Brandenburg, Germany
Jul 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT The primary objective of this study was to determine management practices concerning mastitis in Brandenburg, Germany, the prevalence of mastitis pathogens in dairy cows, and their resistance to selected antimicrobial agents. A further objective was to study the potential effect ...
Treatment of Cycling and Noncycling Lactating Dairy Cows with Progesterone During Ovsynch1
Jul 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT Our objective was to determine whether progesterone (P4) supplementation during an Ovsynch protocol would enhance fertility in lactating dairy cows. Lactating dairy cows (n = 634) at 6 locations were assigned randomly within lactation number and stage of lactation to receive the ...
Parturition and Hypocalcemia Blunts Calcium Signals in Immune Cells of Dairy Cattle1
Jul 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT The stress of parturition in the dairy cow is associated with increased susceptibility to infectious disease. During the periparturient period the demands for calcium are increased; these increased demands for calcium can result in subclinical or clinical hypocalcemia ....
Effect of Essential Oil Active Compounds on Rumen Microbial Fermentation and Nutrient Flow in In Vitro Systems
Jul 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of several essential oil active compounds on rumen microbial fermentation. In the first experiment, 4 doses (5, 50, 500, and 5,000 mg/L) of 5 essential oil compounds were evaluated using in vitro 24-h batch culture of rumen ...
The Effect of Carbohydrate Source on Nitrogen Capture in Dairy Cows on Pasture1
Jul 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine if feeding carbohydrate supplements with faster degradation rates than corn to dairy cows grazing ryegrass would improve nitrogen capture, milk production, and components. Treatments were grain supplements based on: 1) corn (CORN), 2) ...
The Effect of Trace Mineral Fortification Level and Source on Performance of Dairy Cattle
Jul 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT Five hundred seventy-three cows, balanced by parity and 305-d mature equivalent at dry off, were assigned to 1 of 4 treatments: 1) 75% complexed trace minerals (CTM; 75C): Zn, Mn, Cu, and Co supplied at 75% of NRC (2001) guidelines by Zn-, Mn-, and Cu-specific AA complexes, and ...
Effects of Nonadditive Genetic Interactions, Inbreeding, and Recessive Defects on Embryo and Fetal Loss by Seventy Days
Jul 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT Lethal recessive genes that cause early embryo loss are difficult to detect. Nonreturn rate at 70 d after first insemination (NR) was evaluated as a trait of the embryo using 1,739,055 first-service records from 1,251 Holstein bulls represented as both service sires and sires of ...
Genetic Evaluation and Best Prediction of Lactation Persistency
Jul 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT Cows with high persistency tend to produce less milk than expected at the beginning of lactation and more than expected at the end. Best prediction of persistency was calculated as a function of a trait-specific standard lactation curve and a linear regression of test-day ...
Changes in Conception Rate, Calving Performance, and Calf Health and Survival From the Use of Crossbred Jersey × Holstein Sires as Mates for Holstein Dams
Jul 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT Differences in conception rates in matings of Holstein sires or F^sub 1^ Jersey × Holstein sires to Holstein dams in the University of Wisconsin-Madison experimental herd were evaluated, as were differences in birth weight, dystocia, serum protein, serum IgG, fecal consistency, ...
Precalibration Evaluation Procedures for Mid-Infrared Milk Analyzers1
Jul 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to present a detailed account of the precalibration procedures developed and implemented by the USDA Federal Milk Market Administrators (FMMA) for evaluating mid-infrared (MIR) milk analyzers. Mid-infrared analyzers specifically designed for milk ...
Production of Pure Holsteins Versus Crossbreds of Holstein with Normande, Montbeliarde, and Scandinavian Red
Jul 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT Pure Holsteins (n = 380) were compared to Normande/Holstein crossbreds (n = 245), Montbeliarde/Holstein crossbreds (n = 494), and Scandinavian Red/ Holstein crossbreds (n = 328) for 305-d milk, fat, and protein production during first lactation. Scandinavian Red was a mixture of ...
2006 Midwestern Section Awards
Jul 01, 2006; ... 2006 Young Animal/Dairy Science Leader Outstanding Extension Award Sponsor: Land O'Lakes, Purina Feed LLC Paul Fricke was raised on a production row crop and dairy farm just east of Papillion, Nebraska, where his father and uncle continue to farm today. After receiving a BS in ...
Trans-10, Trans-12 Conjugated Linoleic Acid Does Not Affect Milk Fat Yield but Reduces [Delta]^sup 9^-Desaturase Index in Dairy Cows1
Jul 01, 2006; ... Abstract Trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a potent inhibitor of milk fat synthesis, and the magnitude of milk fat depression is often correlated with the fat content of this isomer. However, the trans-10, cis-12 CLA content does not always correspond to the extent of ...