Journal of Dairy Science back issues from November 2006:
NEWS AND EVENTS
Nov 01, 2006; ... Positions Available. .. The deadline for the submission of position announcements for publication in the Journal of Dairy Science is the 25th day of the month, two months preceding the month of issue. For example, ads submitted by May 25 will be printed in the July issue of the ...
Letter to the Editor: The Suckling-Micturition Reflex in Cows
Nov 01, 2006; ... In our years of observation, confirmed over a large population of cows, suckling of the udder by the calf invariably leads to micturition in the cow, especially during the early postpartum period. We undertook a study to explain this suckling-micturition reflex. In our study, we monitored 30 ...
Ionic Calcium Determination in Skim Milk with Molecular Probes and Front-Face Fluorescence Spectroscopy: Simple Linear Regression
Nov 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to determine if the ionic calcium content of skim milk could be determined using molecular probes and front-face fluorescence spectroscopy. Current methods for determining ionic calcium are not sensitive, overestimate ionic calcium, or require ...
Improving the Yield of Mozzarella Cheese by Phospholipase Treatment of Milk
Nov 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT Part-skim Mozzarella cheese was manufactured from milk hydrolyzed with fungal phospholipase A^sup 1^ prior to renneting. The phospholipase treatment reduced fat losses in whey and cooking water and increased cheese yield as a result of improved fat and moisture retention in the ...
Comparison of the Compositional, Microbiological, Biochemical, and Volatile Profile Characteristics of Nine Italian Ewes' Milk Cheeses
Nov 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT Nine Italian ewes' milk cheeses were compared for compositional, microbiological, biochemical, and volatile profile characteristics. Mean values for the gross composition were rather similar among cheeses. The lowest pH values were found for cheeses that used primary starters ....
Cheese pH, Protein Concentration, and Formation of Calcium Lactate Crystals
Nov 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT The occurrence of calcium lactate crystals (CLC) in hard cheeses is a continual expense to the cheese industry, as consumers fail to purchase cheeses with this quality defect. This research investigates the effects of the protein concentration of cheese milk and the pH of cheese ...
Detection and Quantification of Capsular Exopolysaccharides from Streptococcus thermophilus Using Lectin Probes
Nov 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to use fluorescently labeled lectins to develop a convenient and reliable method to determine the relative abundance of capsular polysaccharides (CPS) at the surface of Streptococcus thermophilus MR-1C cells. Fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled peanut ...
Evaluation of Environmental Sampling and Culture to Determine Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis Distribution and Herd Infection Status on US Dairy Operations
Nov 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT The objectives of this study were to determine the distribution of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) in the environment and assess the relationship between the culture status of MAP in the farm environment and herd infection status. The National Animal Health ...
Short Communication: Regulation of Milk Fat Yield and Fatty Acid Composition by Insulin
Nov 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT Diet-induced milk fat depression in dairy cows has been known for many years and several theories have been proposed. One that continues to receive support is the glucogenic-insulin theory. Previous studies testing this theory using a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp have had ...
Milking Frequency, Estradiol Cypionate, and Somatotropin Influence Lactation and Reproduction in Dairy Cows1
Nov 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT Our objectives were to determine lactational and reproductive outcomes in response to increased milking frequency (MF), injection of estradiol cypionate (ECP), and treatment with bovine somatotropin (bST). Lactating dairy cows (n = 144) were blocked by lactation number (1 vs ....
Effect of Cis-Urocanic Acid on Bovine Neutrophil Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species
Nov 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT Neutrophils play a fundamental role in the host innate immune response during mastitis and other bacterial-mediated diseases of cattle. One of the critical mechanisms by which neutrophils contribute to host innate immune defenses is through their ability to phagocytose and kill ...
Short Communication: In Vitro Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Prototheca wickerhamii and Prototheca zopfii Isolated from Bovine Mastitis
Nov 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT Bovine mastitis caused by Prototheca spp. can assume high significance because of economic losses and the potential risk to public health. Studies on the susceptibility of Prototheca spp. to antimicrobials have demonstrated its high level of resistance. We report the ...
Reproduction in Dairy Cows Following Progesterone Insert Presynchronization and Resynchronization Protocols
Nov 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of an intravaginal insert containing progesterone (CIDR, controlled internal drug releasing) administered in presynchronization and resynchronization protocols on cyclicity, detection of estrus, pregnancy rate, and ...
Omitting the Dry-Off Period Negatively Affects Colostrum and Milk Yield in Dairy Goats
Nov 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT Seventeen pregnant multiparous Murciano-Granadina dairy goats, kept in a semi-intensive exploitation system with once daily milking throughout lactation and 1 kidding per year (milk yield, 577 L/300 d), were used to study the effects of dry-off period length on performance ...
Risk Factors Associated with Cryptosporidium Infection on Dairy Farms in a New York State Watershed
Nov 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence of Cryptosporidium parvum-like oocyst shedding on dairy farms in a watershed in New York State and to identify the factors that put animals at risk. A proportional sample of dairy herds in the targeted area was ...
Treatment with Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone After First Timed Artificial Insemination Improves Fertility in Noncycling Lactating Dairy Cows
Nov 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT Lactating Holstein cows were assigned randomly to treatments to improve fertility after first postpartum timed artificial insemination (TAI). In Experiment 1, cows received no treatment (control; n = 9), a controlled internal drug releasing (CIDR) insert from 5 to 12 d after TAI ...
Importance of the Sampled Milk Fraction for the Prediction of Total Quarter Somatic Cell Count
Nov 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT This study investigated the changes in somatic cell counts (SCC) in different fractions of milk, with special emphasis on the foremilk and cisternal milk fractions. Therefore, in Experiment 1, quarter milk samples were defined as strict foremilk (F), cisternal milk (C), first ...
Effect of Rubber Flooring on Claw Health in Lactating Dairy Cows Housed in Free-Stall Barns
Nov 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT Multiparous dairy cows between 10 to 30 d in milk (DIM) were enrolled in a clinical trial to evaluate the effects of rubber flooring on the development of claw lesions, locomotion scores, clinical lameness, and rates of hoof growth and wear. Two groups of cows were housed in ...
Housing System, Milk Production, and Zero-Grazing Effects on Lameness and Leg Injury in Dairy Cows
Nov 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to assess the effect of grazing (G) vs. zero-grazing (ZG), level of milk production, and quality and type of housing system [free stalls (FS) and straw yards (SY)] on the prevalence of lameness and leg injuries in dairy cows. Observations were made on ...
Comparison of Models to Identify Lame Cows Based on Gait and Lesion Scores, and Limb Movement Variables
Nov 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT Bovine lameness results in pain and suffering in cattle and economic loss for producers. A system for automatically detecting lame cows was developed recently that measures vertical force components attributable to individual limbs. These measurements can be used to calculate a ...
Effects of Body Weight and Nutrition on Mammary Protein Expression Profiles in Holstein Heifers
Nov 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT A proteomics approach was used to characterize biochemical and cellular mechanisms governing effects of peripubertal feeding on heifer mammary development. Mammary parenchymal tissue from 24 Holstein heifers randomly assigned to treatments arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial design ...
Developmental and Nutritional Regulation of the Prepubertal Heifer Mammary Gland: I. Parenchyma and Fat Pad Mass and Composition
Nov 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT Prior to puberty, elevated nutrient intake has been shown to negatively affect prepubertal mammary development in the heifer. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of increased nutrient intake on mammary development in Holstein heifers at multiple body weights ...
Developmental and Nutritional Regulation of the Prepubertal Bovine Mammary Gland: II. Epithelial Cell Proliferation, Parenchymal Accretion Rate, and Allometric Growth
Nov 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT It is well documented that elevated nutrient intake prior to puberty reduces prepubertal mammary development in the bovine. The companion paper demonstrated that age at harvest is a primary determinant of parenchymal (PAR) mass and that any effects of elevated energy intake on ...
Feeding a Low Manganese Diet to Heifers During Gestation Impairs Fetal Growth and Development
Nov 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT A study was conducted to examine the effects of low dietary Mn on growth performance of pregnant heifers and fetal development of their offspring. Twenty pregnant Angus (n = 9) and Simmental (n = 11) heifers averaging 17 mo of age and 447.6 kg of initial body weight were used in ...
Effect of Feeding Frequency of a Total Mixed Ration on the Performance of High-Yielding Dairy Cows
Nov 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT Forty Finnish Ayrshire cows, 16 primiparous and 24 multiparous, were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments (FF1 or FF5). Total mixed ration (TMR) was fed once a day on the FF1 treatment and 5 times a day on the FF5 treatment. The experiment began at calving and continued to wk ...
Effect of Barley and Its Amylopectin Content on Ruminal Fermentation and Nitrogen Utilization in Lactating Dairy Cows
Nov 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT The effect of type of grain (corn vs. barley) and amylopectin content of barley grain (normal vs. waxy) on ruminal fermentation, digestibility, and utilization of ruminal ammonia nitrogen for milk protein synthesis was studied in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design trial with ...
Short Communication: Eicosatrienoic Acid and Docosatrienoic Acid Do Not Promote Vaccenic Acid Accumulation in Mixed Ruminal Cultures
Nov 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT Previous research found that docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n-3) was a component offish oil that promotes trans-C18:1 accumulation in ruminal cultures when incubated with linoleic acid. The objective of this study was to determine if eicosatrienoic acid (C20:3n-3) and docosatrienoic ...
Effect of Casein and Propionate Supply on Mammary Protein Metabolism in Lactating Dairy Cows
Nov 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT The effects of casein (CN) and propionate (C3) on mammary AA metabolism were determined in 3 multiparous Holstein cows fitted with both duodenal and ruminal cannulas and used in a replicated Youden square with six 14-d periods. Casein (743 g/d in the duodenum) and C3 (1,041 g/d ...
Effects of Addition of Essential Oils and Monensin Premix on Digestion, Ruminal Fermentation, Milk Production, and Milk Composition in Dairy Cows1
Nov 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT Four ruminally cannulated, lactating Holstein cows were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design (28-d periods) with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments to study the effects of dietary addition of essential oils (0 vs. 2 g/d; EO) and monensin (0 vs. 350 mg/d; MO) on ...
Effects of Supplementing Concentrates Differing in Carbohydrate Composition in Veal Calf Diets: I. Animal Performance and Rumen Fermentation Characteristics1
Nov 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT The aim of this experiment was to examine the effects of concentrates in feed, differing in carbohydrate source, on the growth performance and rumen fermentation characteristics of veal calves. For this purpose, 160 Holstein Friesian × Dutch Friesian crossbred male calves were ...
Effects of Supplementing Concentrates Differing in Carbohydrate Composition in Veal Calf Diets: II. Rumen Development1
Nov 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this experiment was to examine the effects of concentrates in feed, differing in carbohydrate source, on the rumen development of veal calves. For this purpose, 160 male Holstein Friesian × Dutch Friesian crossbred calves were used in a complete randomized block ...
Effect of Different Forms of Methionine on Lactational Performance of Dairy Cows
Nov 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT Methionine is one of the first limiting AA in dairy cows. The use of rumen-protected Met to correct deficient diets is limited by the lack of a product that could be incorporated into a pelleted concentrate. The main objective of this trial was to test, at practical doses ...
Slow-Release Urea and Highly Fermentable Sugars in Diets Fed to Lactating Dairy Cows1
Nov 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT This experiment was designed to test the inclusion of highly fermentable sugars (FS) in dairy rations and their interactions with a slow-release urea (SU) product. The FS are a blend of liquid coproducts from the corn milling and cheese industries, and the SU is calcium chloride ...
Rumen Lipopolysaccharide and Inflammation During Grain Adaptation and Subacute Ruminal Acidosis in Steers
Nov 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT Three rumen-fistulated Jersey steers were gradually adapted to a wheat-barley concentrate over a 4-wk period. Adaptation steps consisted of four 1-wk periods during which steers were fed diets with forage-to-concentrate (F:C) ratios of 100:0, 79:21, 59:41, and 39:61. The forage ...
Short Communication: Genetic Analysis of Nonreturn Rate and Mastitis in First-Lactation Norwegian Red Cows
Nov 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT Associations between clinical mastitis (CM) and nonreturn rate within 56 d after first insemination (NR56) were examined in Norwegian Red (NRF) cows. Records on absence or presence of CM within each of the intervals, -30 to 30, 31 to 150, and 151 to 300 d after first calving, ...
Genetics of Body Condition Score in New Zealand Dairy Cows
Nov 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT Body condition score (BCS) data were collected on 169,661 first-parity cows from herds participating in progeny testing schemes and linear type assessment. Genetic and residual variances for BCS estimated across time using a quadratic random regression model were found to be ...
Effects of the Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 1 (STAT1) Gene on Milk Production Traits in Holstein Dairy Cattle
Nov 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT A functional candidate gene approach was used to search for genes affecting milk production traits in Holstein dairy cattle. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) was chosen because of its involvement in the development of the mammary gland. Using the pooled ...
Selection for Female Fertility Using Censored Fertility Traits and Investigation of the Relationship with Milk Production
Nov 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT Bivariate models (censored linear-linear and censored threshold-linear) were used to estimate genetic parameters for production and fertility traits in the Spanish Holstein population. Records on 71,217 lactations from 41,515 cows were used: 30 and 36% of lactations were ...
A Structural Equation Model for Describing Relationships Between Somatic Cell Score and Milk Yield in First-Lactation Dairy Cows
Nov 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT Relationships between production and diseases may involve recursive or simultaneous effects between traits. Four structural equation models (SEqM) for somatic cell score and milk yield, with varying specifications for the effects relating the 2 traits, were compared. Data ...
Detection and Characterization of Listeria monocytogenes in São Jorge (Portugal) Cheese Production
Nov 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that can cause serious invasive disease in humans. Because human listeriosis cases have previously been linked to consumption of contaminated cheese, control of this pathogen throughout the cheese production chain is of particular ...
Stochastic Models for Simulating Parallel, Rotary, and Side-Opening Milking Parlors
Nov 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT Simulation models of parallel, rotary, and side-opening milking parlors were built that could predict milking parlor performance according to herd size, number of milking stalls, labor quality, and cow characteristics. The models were validated by statistically comparing the ...
Aberrant Low Expression Level of Bovine (beta)-Lactoglobulin Is Associated with a C to A Transversion in the BLG Promoter Region
Nov 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT β-Lactoglobulin (β-LG) is the major whey protein in cow's milk. It is well established that the predominant 2 genetic variants, β-LG A and B, are differentially expressed. Extensive investigation of the genetic variation in the promoter region of the BLG gene ...