Journal of Dairy Science back issues from December 2006:
NEWS AND EVENTS
Dec 01, 2006; ... Positions Available. . . The deadline for the submission of position announcements for publication in the Journal of Dairy Science is the 25th day of the month, two months preceding the month of issue. For example, ads submitted by May 25 will be printed in the July issue of the ...
Heat Treatment of Whole Milk by the Direct Joule Effect-Experimental and Numerical Approaches to Fouling Mechanisms
Dec 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT The development of alternative technologies such as the direct Joule effect to pasteurize and sterilize food products is of great scientific and industrial interest. Our objective was 1) to gain insight into the ability to ensure ultra-high-temperature treatment of milk and 2) ...
Use of the Acoustic Impulse-Response Technique for the Nondestructive Assessment of Manchego Cheese Texture
Dec 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT Manchego cheese pieces were hit with an impact probe and the acoustic response was recorded, analyzed, and used to assess the textural characteristics of the cheese pieces. The textural parameters measured by traditional instrumental methods increased during ripening, although ...
Relation Between Consumers' Perceptions of Color and Texture of Dairy Desserts and Instrumental Measurements Using a Generalized Procrustes Analysis
Dec 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT Consumers' perceptions of the color and texture of 8 commercial vanilla dairy desserts were studied and related to color and rheological measurements. First, the 8 desserts were evaluated by a group of consumers by means of the Free Choice Profile. For both color and texture, a ...
Mineral Retention in Three-Week-Old Piglets Fed Goat and Cow Milk Infant Formulas
Dec 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT Goat milk and cow milk are commonly used in infant formula preparations and, as such, understanding the nutritional characteristics of infant formulas made from these milks is important. In this study, a goat milk infant formula was compared with an adapted (whey-enhanced) cow ...
Determination of the Antihypertensive Peptide LHLPLP in Fermented Milk by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Dec 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT Among different lactic acid bacteria isolated from raw milk, 4 Enterococcus faecalis strains have stood out as producers of fermented milk with potent antihypertensive activity. The peptide β-casein f(133-138), LHLPLP, was identified as one of the major peptides responsible ...
Fate of Staphylococcus aureus in Cheese Treated by Ultrahigh Pressure Homogenization and High Hydrostatic Pressure
Dec 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT We evaluated the influence of ultrahigh pressure homogenization (UHPH) treatment applied to milk containing Staphylococcus aureus CECT 976 before cheese making, and the benefit of applying a further high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) treatment to cheese. The evolution of Staph ....
Short Communication: Empirical and Mechanistic Evidence for the Role of Pyridoxal-5'-Phosphate in the Generation of Methanethiol from Methionine
Dec 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT The catabolism of the sulfur-containing AA Met to form flavor-active volatile sulfur compounds (VSC) is an important mechanism in flavor development during cheese maturation. Numerous enzymes catalyzing AA catabolism require the presence of the cofactor pyridoxal-5'-phosphate ...
Long-Term Persistence of Specific Genetic Types of Mastitis-Causing Staphylococcus aureus on Three Dairies
Dec 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) after SmaI digestion was used to investigate the persistence of specific genotypes of bovine mammary gland isolates of Staphylococcus aureus on 3 dairy herds. A total of 341 isolates of Staph. aureus were available from cows in 3 herds, ...
Age at Occurrence of Mycobacterium avium Subspecies paratuberculosis in Naturally Infected Dairy Cows
Dec 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT Paratuberculosis is a chronic infection of ruminants and other species caused by Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (Map). Establishing test strategies for paratuberculosis will require insight into the temporal aspects of certainty with a given test. In this study, the ...
Comparison of Two Estrus-Synchronization Protocols and Timed Artificial Insemination in Dairy Cattle
Dec 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the Ovsynch protocol with and without exogenous progesterone on pregnancy rate (PR) in cows in which estrous cycles were previously synchronized with 2 doses of PGF^sub 2α^ and that were not detected in estrus during ...
Characterization of Bacterial Susceptibility Isolates in Sixteen Dairy Farms in Taiwan
Dec 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT Bacteria were isolated from dairy cows, dairy farm environments, and dairy workers in 2 geographically different areas of eastern and northern Taiwan. Isolates were evaluated for antimicrobial susceptibility and the phylogenetics of isolated Escherichia coli O157:H7 were ...
Influence of Free-Stall Flooring on Comfort and Hygiene of Dairy Cows During Warm Climatic Conditions
Dec 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT An evaluation of behavioral and hygienic conditions was carried out with 4 materials used as free-stall flooring for dairy cows: polyethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and polypropylene vinyl acetate (PVA) mats, wood shavings, and solid manure. The free-stall type selected by cows was ...
Influence of Air Intake on the Concentration of Free Fatty Acids and Vacuum Fluctuations During Automatic Milking
Dec 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT The main objective of the study was to determine whether the amount of air intake during quarter milking influences the concentration of free fatty acids (FFA) and vacuum fluctuations at the teat end when milking automatically. Air intake in the teat cup was restricted from the ...
Heat Stress Elicits Different Responses in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Brown Swiss and Holstein Cows1
Dec 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT This study was undertaken to assess whether peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) isolated from Brown Swiss (Br) and Holstein (Ho) cows and stimulated with concanavalin A differ in response to chronic exposure to incubation temperatures simulating conditions of hyperthermia ....
Evaluation of the Overall Accuracy of the DeLaval Cell Counter for Somatic Cell Counts in Ovine Milk
Dec 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT The DeLaval cell counter (DCC) is a portable device designed for on-farm somatic cell count (SCO analysis in bovine milk. This study evaluated the performance of the DCC when analyzing ovine milk. A total of 29 composite ovine milk samples, ranging between 20 × 10^sup 3^ and ...
Response to Conjugated Linoleic Acid in Dairy Cows Differing in Energy and Protein Status1
Dec 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT The trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomer inhibits milk fat synthesis, whereas milk yield and synthesis of other milk components generally remain unchanged in established lactation. However, in some CLA studies increases in milk yield, milk protein yield, or ...
Cell Turnover and Activity in Mammary Tissue During Lactation and the Dry Period in Dairy Cows
Dec 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT Milk yield of the dairy cow follows a pattern termed the lactation curve. We have investigated the cellular background for this pattern. Seven mammary biopsies were obtained from each of 10 cows: at the end of lactation (d 347, equal to d 77 before next parturition); during the ...
Mammary Response to Exogenous Prolactin or Frequent Milking During Early Lactation in Dairy Cows
Dec 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT Frequent milking of dairy cows during early lactation results in a persistent increase in milk yield; however, the mechanism underlying this effect is unknown. We hypothesized that increased exposure of the mammary gland to prolactin (PRL) mediates the milk yield response ....
Clinical Mastitis in Norwegian Herds After a Combined Selective Dry-Cow Therapy and Teat-Dipping Trial
Dec 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to see if introduction of a 2-yr combined selective dry-cow therapy and teatdipping trial would reduce clinical mastitis (CM) events in 164 Norwegian dairy herds. Three different penicillin or penicillin/dihydrostreptomycin-based dry-cow ...
Parenteral Administration of Glutamine Modulates Acute Phase Response in Postparturient Dairy Cows
Dec 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to investigate whether administration of L-Gln would affect mediators of acute phase response in postparturient dairy cows. Twenty-four multiparous Holstein cows were blocked by the expected day of calving and randomly assigned to 1 of the 3 ...
Effect of Stage of Lactation and Parity on Mammary Gland Cell Renewal1
Dec 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT Milk production is a function of the number and activity of mammary epithelial cells, regardless of stage of lactation. Milk yield is generally higher in multiparous cows than in primiparous cows, but persistency is usually greater in the latter group. We compared several ...
Photoperiod Affects Gene Expression of Leptin and Leptin Receptors in Adipose Tissue from Lactating Dairy Cows1
Dec 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT Leptin is mainly secreted by adipocytes and is implicated in the regulation of metabolic status, feed intake, and body condition. Day length (DL) can affect leptin gene expression and secretion. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of DL on gene expression of leptin ...
Effect of Automatic Milking Systems on Milk Yield in a Hot Environment
Dec 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT A comparative study was performed to evaluate differences in milk yield between an automatic milking system (AMS) and a conventional herringbone milking parlor system. Two herds of Italian-Friesian cows were reared in the same barn, located in the Po Valley in northern Italy ....
Endocrine Alterations Associated with Extended Time Interval Between Estrus and Ovulation in High-Yield Dairy Cows
Dec 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT Short fertile half-lives of the male and female gametes in the female tract necessitate accurate timing of artificial insemination. We examined the possible association between extension of the estrus to ovulation (E-O) interval and alterations in concentrations of estradiol, ...
Analysis of Reproductive Performance of Lactating Cows on Large Dairy Farms Using Machine Learning Algorithms
Dec 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT The fertility of lactating dairy cows is economically important, but the mean reproductive performance of Holstein cows has declined during the past 3 decades. Traits such as first-service conception rate and pregnancy status at 150 d in milk (DIM) are influenced by numerous ...
Survey of Management Practices on Reproductive Performance of Dairy Cattle on Large US Commercial Farms
Dec 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT A survey regarding general management, sire selection, reproductive management, inseminator training and technique, heat abatement, body condition scoring, facility design and grouping, nutrition, employee training and management, and animal health and biosecurity was carried ...
Effect of Chestnut Tannin on Fermentation Quality, Proteolysis, and Protein Rumen Degradability of Alfalfa Silage
Dec 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT Two experiments were conducted on alfalfa to investigate the effects of the addition of commercial chestnut hydrolyzable tannin at ensiling on 1) silage fermentation quality in lab-scale silos and protein degradation in the rumen, and 2) silage fermentation quality and ...
Comparison of Net Portal Absorption with Predicted Flow of Digestible Amino Acids: Scope for Improving Current Models?
Dec 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT This study was undertaken to determine the relationship between measured net portal absorptions (NPA) and flows of digestible essential amino acids (EAA) predicted with the National Research Council model (NRC, 2001) or the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System model ...
Effects of Rumen Acid Load from Feed and Forage Particle Size on Ruminal pH and Dry Matter Intake in the Lactating Dairy Cow
Dec 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of level of concentrate acidogenic value (AV) and forage particle size on ruminal pH and feed intake in lactating dairy cows. Two isoenergetic (net energy for lactation = 1.5 ± 0.01 Mcal/kg) and isonitrogenous (crude ...
Mortality in Swedish Dairy Calves and Replacement Heifers
Dec 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT The mortality of 8,964 heifer calves born in 122 dairy herds in southwest Sweden in 1998 to 2000 was monitored from January 1998 until December 2000. Farmers were requested to send carcasses for necropsy from animals that died from 1 d of age to first calving. Age and seasonal ...
The Effects of Milk Feeding Method and Group Size on Feeding Behavior and Cross-Sucking in Group-Housed Dairy Calves
Dec 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT This study investigated the effect of teat feeding and group size on cross-sucking and competition for milk in dairy calves. Ninety-six Holstein-Friesian male and female calves were allocated to either pairs or groups of 6 and fed milk either from a bucket or via a teat. Calves ...
Evaluation of Various Sources of Corn Dried Distillers Grains Plus Solubles for Lactating Dairy Cattle1
Dec 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of feeding dried distillers grains plus solubles (DDGS) from different sources on milk production and composition in dairy cows. Eight multiparous and 4 primiparous Holstein cows were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin ...
Effects of Rumen-Protected Choline and Monensin on Milk Production and Metabolism of Periparturient Dairy Cows
Dec 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT Choline and monensin may be supplemented during the transition period with the objectives of aiding in fat metabolism and improving energy balance, respectively. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of supplementing rumen-protected choline (RPC) and ...
Metabolic Effects of Abomasal L-Carnitine Infusion and Feed Restriction in Lactating Holstein Cows
Dec 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT L-Carnitine is required for mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, but the effects of carnitine supplementation on nutrient metabolism during dry matter intake depression have not been determined in dairy cows. Studies in other species have revealed responses to L-carnitine that ...
Growth Characteristics of Calves Fed an Intensified Milk Replacer Regimen with Additional Lactoferrin1
Dec 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of lactoferrin addition to milk replacer varying in crude protein (CP) on dry matter intake, growth, and days medicated. Thirty-four Holstein heifer calves were assigned to 4 treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of ...
Genotype by Environment Interaction for Somatic Cell Score Across Bulk Milk Somatic Cell Count and Days in Milk
Dec 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this paper was to investigate the importance of a genotype × environment interaction (G × E) for somatic cell score (SCS) across levels of bulk milk somatic cell count (BMSCC), number of days in milk (DIM), and their interaction. Variance components were ...
Variation in Fatty Acid Contents of Milk and Milk Fat Within and Across Breeds
Dec 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT The aim of this research was to study the potential for selection of cows with a higher nutritional quality of milk fat by studying the differences in fatty acid profiles within and across the following breeds: Dual Purpose Belgian Blue, Holstein-Friesian, Jersey, Montbeliarde, ...
Selection for Milk Production and Persistency Using Eigenvectors of the Random Regression Coefficient Matrix
Dec 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships of the eigenvectors of the additive genetic random regression coefficient matrix (K) to selection responses and to determine how many eigenvectors are necessary in the breeding goal to explain the variation. The ...
Multiple-Trait Multiple-Country Genetic Evaluations for Udder Health Traits
Dec 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT International genetic bull evaluations of somatic cell counts (SCC) from 8 different Holstein populations and clinical mastitis from 3 of these populations were inferred simultaneously using a multiple-trait-multiple-country evaluation (MT-MACE) model. This model considered ...
Analysis of Milk Urea Nitrogen and Lactose and Their Effect on Longevity in Canadian Dairy Cattle
Dec 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to assess the phenotypic level of lactose and milk urea nitrogen concentration (MUN) and the association of these traits with functional survival of Canadian dairy cattle using a Weibull proportional hazards model. A total of 1,568,952 test-day records ...
Genetic Parameters and Evaluation of Rear Legs (Rear View) for Brown Swiss and Guernseys
Dec 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT Genetic parameters were estimated for rear legs (rear view; RLRV) and 15 current linear type traits of Brown Swiss and Guernsey dairy cattle. The Brown Swiss Cattle Breeders' Association of the USA and the American Guernsey Association began scoring RLRV in 2004. For Brown ...
Short Communication: Genetic Evaluation of the Interval from First to Last Insemination with Survival Analysis and Linear Models
Dec 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT Sire breeding values for the interval between the first and last insemination were predicted using 4 proportional hazards models (survival analyses) and 2 linear mixed models to determine which would result in a more accurate genetic evaluation. A stochastic simulation ...
Characterization of Holstein Heifer Fertility in the United States
Dec 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT The overall object of this research was to characterize US Holstein (virgin) heifer fertility. This included investigation of factors influencing heifer fertility and estimation of heritability, as well as correlations with cow fertility and first-lactation milk yield. A ...
Short Communication: A Polymorphism in ABCG2 in Bos indicus and Bos taurus Cattle Breeds
Dec 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT A single nucleotide change (A/C) in exon 14 is capable of encoding a substitution of tyrosine-581 to serine (Y581S) in the ABCG2 (ATP binding cassette, subfamily G, member 2) gene and affects milk production traits. The ABCG2^sup A^ allele decreases milk yield and increases ...
Forecasting Fluid Milk and Cheese Demands for the Next Decade
Dec 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT Predictions of future market demands and farm prices for dairy products are important determinants in developing marketing strategies and farm-production planning decisions. The objective of this report was to use current aggregate forecast data, combined with existing ...
Dairy Farm Cost Efficiency
Dec 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT A stochastic cost equation was estimated for US dairy farms using national data from the production year 2000 to determine how farmers might reduce their cost of production. Cost of producing a unit of milk was estimated into separate frontier (efficient) and inefficiency ...
Fertility and Survival of Pure Holsteins Versus Crossbreds of Holstein with Normande, Montbeliarde, and Scandinavian Red
Dec 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT First-calf pure Holsteins and Normande/Holstein, Montbeliarde/Holstein, and Scandinavian Red/Holstein crossbreds were compared for days to first breeding, first-service conception rate, days open, and survival. First-calf heifers were in 7 commercial dairies in California and ...
ADSA Presidential Report
Dec 01, 2006; ... It was a great honor for me to serve as your elected president of ADSA. The unique nature of ADSA that brings together both animal production and dairy foods processing is, and will continue to be, a great strength of ADSA. Centennial Celebration The 2006 Centennial Celebration ...
Awards Program of the American Dairy Science Association
Dec 01, 2006; ... The Annual Awards Program of the American Dairy Science Association and installation of new officers was held on July 11, 2006, at the Minneapolis Hilton, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Past President Mike Hutjens read the citations and representatives of the donors presented the awards. The ...
2006 Fellows of the American Dairy Science Association
Dec 01, 2006; ... The 2006 elected Fellows were recognized at the Awards Program of the American Dairy Science Association. Election to Fellow is one of the highest honors that the Association bestows. The Fellow's Award recognizes ADSA members for their distinguished service to the dairy industry for 20 years or ...
2006 ADSA-ASAS Sectional Awards
Dec 01, 2006; ... 2006 Northeast ADSA-ASAS Distinguished Service Award For more than 33 years as a research geneticist at USDA's Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory and now as a retired collaborator, Rex Powell has made numerous individual and team contributions to the development of genetic ...
Properties of Cholesterol-Reduced Butter Made with [beta]-Cyclodextrin and Added Evening Primrose Oil and Phytosterols
Dec 01, 2006; ... ABSTRACT The present study was carried out to examine changes in the chemical and sensory properties of butter in which the cholesterol was reduced and to which evening primrose oil (EPO) and phytosterols were added. Crosslinked β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) made from adipic acid was ...