Journal of Dairy Science back issues from January 2007:
NEWS AND ANNOUNCEMENTS
Jan 01, 2007; ... ADSA Member News ... ADSA Announces Search for Director, DISCOVER Conferences After successfully launching the DISCOVER Conferences Series in 1997, and then directing each of the next 11 conferences, Bill Baumgardt has decided that the time has come to pass the reins. Accordingly, ...
Influence of Calcium and Phosphorus, Lactose, and Salt-to-Moisture Ratio on Cheddar Cheese Quality: pH Changes During Ripening
Jan 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The pH of cheese is an important attribute that influences its quality. Substantial changes in cheese pH are often observed during ripening. A combined effect of calcium, phosphorus, residual lactose, and salt-to-moisture ratio (S/M) of the cheese on the changes in cheese pH ...
Effects of Ultra-High Pressure Homogenization on the Cheese-Making Properties of Milk
Jan 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The effects of single- or 2-stage ultra-high pressure homogenization (UHPH; 100 to 330 MPa) at an inlet temperature of 30°C on the cheese-making properties of bovine milk were investigated. Effects were compared with those from raw, heat-pasteurized (72°C for 15 s), and ...
Application of Fluorescence Spectroscopy for Monitoring Changes in Nonfat Dry Milk During Storage
Jan 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine if fluorescence spectroscopy could be used to characterize the biochemical characteristics of nonfat dry milk (NDM) caused by manufacturing and storage conditions. Nine low-heat NDM samples were collected from 3 manufacturers and ...
Lactoferrin and Immunoglobulin Contents in Camel's Milk (Camelus bactrianus, Camelus dromedarius, and Hybrids) from Kazakhstan
Jan 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Lactoferrin (Lf) and IgG were estimated in camel's milk from Kazakhstan, where 2 species of camels (Camelus bactrianus, Camelus dromedarius) and their hybrids cohabit. The concentrations of Lf and IgG were determined according to 3 variation factors: region (n = 4), season (n = ...
Lipolysis in Cheddar Cheese Made from Raw, Thermized, and Pasteurized Milks
Jan 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The evolution of free fatty acids (FFA) was monitored over 168 d of ripening in Cheddar cheeses manufactured from good quality raw milk (RM), thermized milk (TM; 65°C × 15 s), and pasteurized milk (PM; 72°C × 15 s). Heat treatment of the milk reduced the level and diversity of ...
The Formation of Calcium Lactate Crystals is Responsible for Concentrated Acid Whey Thickening
Jan 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The use of spray drying for dehydration of acid whey is generally limited by the appearance of uncontrolled thickening and solidifying of the whey mass during the lactose crystallization step. The origin of this physical change is still unknown and probably linked to complex ...
Inhibitory Activities of Bovine Macromolecular Whey Proteins on Rotavirus Infections In Vitro and In Vivo
Jan 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Rotavirus is a major cause of infantile viral gastroenteritis and can lead to severe and sometimes lethal dehydration. Previous studies have shown that breast-fed children are better protected against symptomatic infections, and that the milk fat globule protein lactadherin ...
Evidence for Fibril-Like Structure in Bovine Casein Micelles
Jan 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The addition of Congo red (CR) dye to diluted raw skim milk resulted in a red shift indicative of the presence of fibril-like structures. Thioflavin T (ThT) is another dye that very specifically binds to protein fibrils, and when added to undiluted raw skim milk, the classic 485 ...
Characteristics of Reduced Fat Milks As Influenced By the Incorporation of Folic Acid
Jan 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Folic acid plays an important role in the prevention of neural tube defects (e.g., spina bifida and anencephaly), heart defects, facial clefts, urinary abnormalities, and limb deficiencies. Milk and milk products serve as a potential source for folic acid fortification because ...
Response of Two Salmonella enterica Strains Inoculated in Model Cheese Treated with High Hydrostatic Pressure
Jan 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to determine the response to high hydrostatic pressure and the ability for survival, recovery, and growth of 2 strains of Salmonella enterica (Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella typhimurium) inoculated in a washed-curd model cheese produced with and ...
Effect of Protein-to-Fat Ratio of Milk on the Composition, Manufacturing Efficiency, and Yield of Cheddar Cheese
Jan 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Twenty-three Cheddar cheeses were prepared from milks with a protein content of 3.66% (wt/wt) and with different protein-to-fat ratio (PFR) in the range 0.70 to 1.15; the PFR of each milk differed by 0.02. For statistical analysis, the 23 cheeses were divided into 3 PFR groups: ...
Effects of High Pressure Treatment on Volatile Profile During Ripening of Ewe Milk Cheese
Jan 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The effect of high-pressure treatment on the volatile profile of ewe milk cheeses was investigated. Cheeses were submitted to 200, 300, 400 and 500 MPa at 2 stages of ripening (after 1 and 15 d of manufacturing) and volatile compounds were assayed at 15 and 60 d of ripening ....
Effects of Feeding Fish Meal and n-3 Fatty Acids on Milk Yield and Metabolic Responses in Early Lactating Dairy Cows
Jan 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The study was designed to test the effects of feeding fish meal (FM) and specific n-3 fatty acids on milk yield and composition, dry matter intake, plasma concentrations of metabolic hormones and metabolites, and liver triglyceride accumulation in early lactating cows. From 5 to ...
Effects of Feeding Fish Meal and n-3 Fatty Acids on Ovarian and Uterine Responses in Early Lactating Dairy Cows
Jan 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The study was designed to test the effects of dietary supplementation with fish meal or specific n-3 fatty acids on ovarian activity and uterine responses in early lactating cows. From 5 to 50 d in milk (DIM), cows were fed diets that were isonitrogenous, isoenergetic, and ...
Effect of Continuous Milking and Bovine Somatotropin Supplementation on Mammary Epithelial Cell Turnover
Jan 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Objectives were to determine effects of continuous milking (CM) and bovine somatotropin (bST) administration on 1) mammary epithelial cell (MEC) proliferation, apoptosis, and ultrastructure during late gestation and early lactation, 2) expression of genes associated with ...
The Association Between Reproductive Performance and Milk Yield in Chilean Holstein Cattle
Jan 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between reproductive performance and milk yield in central-southern Chilean Holstein cattle that calved from 1990 to 2003. The analysis included 150,457 lactations obtained from a certified recording system ....
Curli Production and Genetic Relationships Among Escherichia coli from Cases of Bovine Mastitis
Jan 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Curli are adhesive surface structures produced by some Escherichia coli and Salmonella strains that bind host proteins and activate inflammatory mediators. In this study, 61 E. coli isolates from 36 clinical cases of bovine mastitis were characterized using enterobacterial ...
Altered Vocalization Rate During the Estrous Cycle in Dairy Cattle
Jan 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Correct detection of estrus is a problem in dairy herds. In practice, several procedures exist for detection of estrus besides conventional visual observation by humans. These procedures deliver very different results regarding detection of estrus. It is known that the calls of ...
Subclinical and Clinical Mastitis in Heifers Following the Use of a Teat Sealant Precalving
Jan 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT This study investigated the effect in heifers of infusion of a bismuth subnitrate teat-canal sealant and bacterial intramammary infection (IMI) precalving on prevalence of postcalving IMI and incidence of clinical mastitis in the first 2 wk postcalving. Glands (n = 1,020) from ...
Effects of Genotype by Environment Interactions on Milk Yield, Energy Balance, and Protein Balance
Jan 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Increases in genetic merit for milk yield are associated with increases in mobilization of body reserves. This study assessed the effects of genotype by environment (G×E) interactions on milk yield and energy and protein balances. Heifers (n = 100) with high or low genetic merit ...
Effects of Management and Genetics on Udder Health and Milk Composition in Dairy Cows
Jan 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Milk production per cow has increased significantly as a result of breeding, feeding, and other management factors. This study aims to address concerns about udder health risks for low- and high-producing dairy cows. In a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design, Holstein-Friesian heifers (n ...
The Profitability of Automatic Milking on Dutch Dairy Farms
Jan 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Several studies have reported on the profitability of automatic milking based on different simulation models, but a data-based study using actual farm data has been lacking. The objective of this study was to analyze the profitability of dairy farms having an automatic milking ...
Treatment Practices and Quantification of Antimicrobial Drug Usage in Conventional and Organic Dairy Farms in Wisconsin
Jan 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to develop a method to quantify antimicrobial drug usage and treatment practices on conventional and organic dairy farms that had been recruited to represent a broad spectrum of potential exposure to antimicrobial drugs. Data on disease prevalence ...
Relationship Between Antimicrobial Drug Usage and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Gram-Positive Mastitis Pathogens
Jan 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to analyze relationships between usage of antimicrobial drugs on dairy farms and results of antimicrobial susceptibility testing of mastitis pathogens. Exposure to selected antimicrobial drugs (n = 10) was standardized by calculation of the number ...
Regulation of Interferon-Stimulated Genes in Peripheral Blood Leukocytes in Pregnant and Bred, Nonpregnant Dairy Cows
Jan 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT In ruminants, pregnancy results in up-regulation of a large number of IFN-stimulated genes (ISG) in the uterus. Recently, one of these genes was also shown to increase in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) during early pregnancy in sheep. Our working hypothesis is that conceptus ...
Predictive Modeling of Bacillus cereus Spores in Farm Tank Milk During Grazing and Housing Periods
Jan 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The shelf life of pasteurized dairy products depends partly on the concentration of Bacillus cereus spores in raw milk. Based on a translation of contamination pathways into chains of unit-operations, 2 simulation models were developed to quantitatively identify factors that ...
Effects of Varying Doses of Supplemental Conjugated Linoleic Acid on Production and Energetic Variables During the Transition Period1
Jan 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Supplementing a high dose of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) inhibits milk fat synthesis in dairy cows immediately postpartum. During negative net energy balance (EBAL), it appears that moderate CLA-induced milk fat depression causes a positive response in milk yield; ...
Herd-Level Risk Factors for Lameness in High-Producing Holstein Cows Housed in Freestall Barns
Jan 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to investigate the association of some herd-level factors with the prevalence of lameness in 53 high-production groups of Holstein cows housed on 50 commercial dairy farms having freestall barns in Minnesota. Cows in the high-production group (n = ...
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Postpartum Anovulatory Condition in Dairy Cows
Jan 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The objectives of this research were to determine the prevalence of the anovulatory condition within a temperate region of North America and identify cow-level and herd-level risk factors for this condition. A total of 1,341 cows from 18 herds were classified as cycling or ...
Plasma Concentrations of Gut Peptides in Dairy Cattle Increase after Calving
Jan 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Effects of transition from late gestation to early lactation on plasma concentrations of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), glucagon-like peptide 1-(7-36) amide (GLP-1), and cholecystokinin (CCK) have not been reported in cattle. The objective of the present ...
Interventions After Artificial Insemination: Conception Rates, Pregnancy Survival, and Ovarian Responses to Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone, Human Chorionic Gonadotropin, and Progesterone1
Jan 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT We hypothesized that increasing concentrations of progesterone (P4) after artificial insemination would increase fertility. Our objective was to assess changes in ovarian structures, incidence of ovulation, and change in serum P4 in response to GnRH, human chorionic gonadotropin ...
Fertility of Lactating Dairy Cows Administered Recombinant Bovine Somatotropin During Heat Stress
Jan 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Administration of recombinant bovine somatotropin (bST) to lactating dairy cows during heat stress increases milk yield, but it also can increase body temperature and may therefore compromise fertility. However, it is possible that bST treatment could increase fertility during ...
Effect of Protein Supply on Hepatic Synthesis of Plasma and Constitutive Proteins in Lactating Dairy Cows
Jan 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The effects of metabolizable protein (MP) supply on the synthesis of plasma total proteins and albumin, as well as total hepatic protein synthesis, were determined in 6 multicatheterized lactating Holstein cows. Three TMR formulated to supply the same amount of energy but ...
Performance of Lactating Dairy Cows Fed Whole Cottonseed Coated with Gelatinized Starch plus Urea or Yeast Culture
Jan 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Thirty lactating Holstein cows were used in an 8-wk randomized design trial to test the viability of select additives included in the gelatinized corn starch coating applied to whole cottonseed (WCS) on nutrient intake and digestibility and milk yield and composition. Treatments ...
Severity of Ruminal Acidosis in Primiparous Holstein Cows During the Periparturient Period
Jan 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The objectives of this study were: 1) to determine the effect of providing additional prepartum concentrate on the occurrence and severity of ruminal acidosis (RA) and lactational performance during the periparturient period in primiparous cows; and 2) to characterize the ...
Associations Among Body Condition Score, Body Weight, and Reproductive Performance in Seasonal-Calving Dairy Cattle
Jan 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The objective of the present study was to identify and quantify relationships between body condition score (BCS) and body weight (BW) in dairy cows with reproduction variables in pasture-based, seasonal-calving dairy herds. Over 2,500 lactation records from 897 spring-calving ...
Composition of Milk Fat from Cows Selected for Milk Fat Globule Size and Offered Either Fresh Pasture or a Corn Silage-Based Diet
Jan 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to examine the synthesis and composition of milk produced by dairy cows that secrete either small milk fat globules (SMFG) or large milk fat globules (LMFG), and to study their response to diets known to alter milk composition. Four groups of 3 ...
High Growth Rate Fails to Enhance Adaptive Immune Responses of Neonatal Calves and Is Associated with Reduced Lymphocyte Viability1
Jan 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of 3 targeted growth rates on adaptive (i.e., antigenspecific) immune responses of preruminant, milk replacer-fed calves. Calves (9.1 ± 2.4 d of age) were assigned randomly to one of 3 dietary treatments to achieve 3 ...
Technical Note: Assessment of Recovery Site of Mobile Nylon Bags for Measuring Ileal Digestibility of Starch in Dairy Cows
Jan 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate recovery site of mobile nylon bags for measuring ileal digestibility of ruminally undegraded starch in dairy cows. Eight feed samples of untreated and treated concentrates were examined. Three lactating cows equipped with rumen fistula ...
Short Communication: Detection of Quantitative Trait Loci Influencing Somatic Cell Score in Spanish Churra Sheep
Jan 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Eleven half-sib ovine families, including 1,421 Spanish Churra ewes, were analyzed for 181 microsatellite markers spanning the entire autosomic ovine genome. Using a multimarker regression method, a daughter experimental design was used to identify putative quantitative trait ...
Genetic Analysis of Postpartum Measures of Luteal Activity in Dairy Cows
Jan 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for measures of luteal activity during the first 60 d postpartum. Analyses were made with different sampling intervals to investigate the possibility of combining progesterone measurement with routinely performed ...
Genetic Analysis of Somatic Cell Scores in US Holsteins with a Bayesian Mixture Model
Jan 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to apply finite mixture models to field data for somatic cell scores (SCS) for estimation of genetic parameters. Data were approximately 170,000 test-day records for SCS from first-parity Holstein cows in Wisconsin. Five different models of ...
Genetic Parameters of Growth in Dairy Cattle and Associations Between Growth and Health Traits
Jan 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Body weight (BW) observations on dairy cattle taken on average 35 times between birth and 1,000 d of life were used to estimate daily heritabilities and predict daily breeding values for both pregnancy-adjusted BW (PABW) and growth rate. Daily heritabilities for PABW were ...
Development of a Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Genotyping Microarray Platform for the Identification of Bovine Milk Protein Genetic Polymorphisms
Jan 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to develop and validate a fast method for typing the main mutations of bovine milk protein genes by using microarray technology. An approach based on the ligation detection reaction (LDR) and a universal array (UA) was used. Polymorphisms in both ...
Linear and Curvilinear Effects of Inbreeding on Production Traits for Walloon Holstein Cows
Jan 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The nonlinear effects of inbreeding were studied by comparing linear and curvilinear regression models of phenotypic performances on inbreeding coefficients for production traits (milk, fat, and protein yields) of Hoistein cows in their first lactation. Three different ...
Detection of Quantitative Trait Loci Affecting Lameness and Leg Conformation Traits in Danish Holstein Cattle
Jan 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Lameness is an important factor for culling animals. Strong legs and feet improve herd life of dairy cows. Therefore, many countries include leg and feet conformation traits in their breeding programs, often as early predictors of longevity. However, few countries directly ...
Within-Herd Heritability Estimated with Daughter-Parent Regression for Yield and Somatic Cell Score
Jan 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Estimates of heritability within herd (h^sup 2^^sub WH^) that were generated with daughter-dam regression, daughter-sire regression, and REML were compared, and effects of adjusting lactation records for within-herd heritability on genetic evaluations were evaluated. Holstein ...
Nonparametric Analysis of the Impact of Inbreeding on Production in Jersey Cows
Jan 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Under dominance, the relationship between a quantitative trait and the inbreeding coefficient (F) is expected to be linear. Epistasis involving dominance effects or selection against inbred individuals can produce nonlinear patterns in the form of inbreeding depression. The form ...
Genetic Parameters for Yield Traits of Cows Treated or Not Treated with Bovine Somatotropin1
Jan 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to estimate genetic correlations between yield traits of cows treated with bovine somatotropin (bST) and the same yield traits of untreated cows. Lactation records from registered Holstein cows were divided by parity into 3 data sets: 1,2, and 3 ...
Evaluation of Protein Fractionation Systems Used in Formulating Rations for Dairy Cattle
Jan 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Production efficiency decreases when diets are not properly balanced for protein. Sensitivity analyses of the protein fractionation schemes used by the National Research Council Nutrient Requirement of Dairy Cattle (NRC) and the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System ...
Erratum
Jan 01, 2007; ... Evaluation of Various Sources of Corn Dried Distillers Grains Plus Solubles for Lactating Dairy Cattle D. H. Kleinschmit, D. J. Schingoethe, K. F. Kalscheur, and A. R. Hippen J. Dairy Sci ....
Prolactin-Induced Activation of Nuclear Factor [kappa]B in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells: Role in Chronic Mastitis
Jan 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT We sought to determine whether prolactin (PRL) could influence the neutrophilic inflammation that characterizes chronic mastitis. Most of the genes encoding inflammatory proteins depend on the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) for their expression. We addressed the hypothesis ...