Journal of Dairy Science back issues from April 2007:
NEWS AND ANNOUNCEMENTS
Apr 01, 2007; ... ADSA Member News ... Notice of Proposed Changes to the ADSA Association and ADSA Foundation ByLaws ADSA Association ByLaw Change Background: The ADSA Association Bylaws currently require both the President and the Executive Director to sign all contracts. This requirement ...
Invited Review: Sensory and Mechanical Properties of Cheese Texture1
Apr 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Instrumental mechanical properties (instrumental tests that measure force and deformation over time) of cheese and cheese texture (sensory perception of cheese structure) are critical attributes. Accurate measurement of these properties requires both instrumental and sensory ...
Effect of Trisodium Citrate on Rheological and Physical Properties and Microstructure of Yogurt
Apr 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The effect of trisodium citrate (TSC) on the rheological and physical properties and microstructure of yogurt was investigated. Reconstituted skim milk was heated at 85°C for 30 min, and various concentrations (5 to 40 mM) of TSC were added to the milk, which was then readjusted ...
Biofilm Ecology of Wooden Shelves Used in Ripening the French Raw Milk Smear Cheese Reblochon de Savoie
Apr 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Little work has been carried out on the microbiology of wooden shelves supporting cheese during ripening, and the safety of their use during cheese ripening has frequently been asked. Microbial characterization (enumerations on specific growth media) and description of their ...
Composition, Physiochemical Properties, Nitrogen Fraction Distribution, and Amino Acid Profile of Donkey Milk
Apr 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT This study investigated the changes in chemical composition, nitrogen fraction distribution, and AA profile of milk samples obtained during lactation from the Jiangyue breed of donkey in Northwest China. Results showed that donkey milk contained 9.53% total solids, 1.57% ...
The Effect of Heat Stress and Lameness on Time Budgets of Lactating Dairy Cows
Apr 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Time budgets for 14 cows housed in a 3-row free-stall pen were obtained for 4 filming sessions timed to capture different climatic conditions, with a range in mean pen temperature-humidity index from 56.2 to 73.8. Mean lying time decreased from 10.9 to 7.9 h/d from the coolest ...
Filtration of Milk Fat Globule Membrane Fragments from Acid Buttermilk Cheese Whey
Apr 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The proteins and polar lipids present in milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) fragments are gaining attention for their technological and nutritional properties. These MFGM fragments are preferentially enriched in side streams of the dairy industry, like butter serum, buttermilk, ...
Role of Leptin on Growth Hormone and Prolactin Secretion by Bovine Pituitary Explants
Apr 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Leptin is an important hormone regulating nutritional status in humans and animals. Its most relevant activity is at the hypothalamic level, where it modulates food behavior, thermogenesis, and secretion of several pituitary hormones. The exact mechanisms underlying these ...
Milking Cows Once Daily Influences Behavior and Udder Firmness at Peak and Mid Lactation
Apr 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Our aim was to evaluate the effects of once-daily milking on the welfare of dairy cows in a pastoral-based farming system. There are concerns that cows milked only once daily may experience discomfort associated with udder distension. We evaluated the behavior, including lying ...
Effect of Natural Cheese Characteristics on Process Cheese Properties
Apr 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Natural cheese is the major ingredient utilized to manufacture process cheese. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of natural cheese characteristics on the chemical and functional properties of process cheese. Three replicates of 8 natural (Cheddar) ...
Antibiogram and Coagulase Diversity in Staphylococcal Enterotoxin-Producing Staphylococcus aureus from Bovine Mastitis
Apr 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT We investigated antibiogram and coagulase gene diversity in staphylococcal enterotoxin (StE)-producing Staphylococcus aureus isolated from raw milk samples of cows infected with mastitis from 140 dairy farms in Korea between 1997 and 2004. Of the 696 Staph. aureus isolates ...
Short Communication: Effect of Vacuum and Ratio on the Performance of a Monoblock Silicone Milking Liner
Apr 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The vacuum and teat-cup chamber ratio are important operating parameters that affect milking performance by milking machines. In addition, the design and composition of materials are major elements affecting the performance characteristics of (teat-cup) milking machine liners ....
Effects of Increasing Milking Frequency During the Last 28 Days of Gestation on Milk Production, Dry Matter Intake, and Energy Balance in Dairy Cows
Apr 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Forty-eight Holstein cows were used in a randomized block design to evaluate different dry period lengths and prepartum milking frequencies (MF) on subsequent milk production, milk composition, solids-corrected milk production, dry matter intake (DMI), and energy balance ....
The Effect of Season on Somatic Cell Count and the Incidence of Clinical Mastitis
Apr 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Bulk milk somatic cell count (BMSCC), individual cow somatic cell count (ICSCC), and incidence rate of clinical mastitis (IRCM) are all udder health parameters. So far, no studies have been reported on the effect of season on BMSCC, IRCM, and ICSCC in the same herds and period ...
Screening for Subclinical Ketosis in Dairy Cattle by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry
Apr 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Subclinical ketosis is a metabolic disorder in high-producing dairy cattle that can be detected by ketone bodies in milk: acetone (Ac), acetoacetate (AcAc), and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry is to a growing extent used for ...
Impacts of Dystocia on Health and Survival of Dairy Calves
Apr 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The objectives of this study were to determine incidence of stillbirths and heifer-calf morbidity and mortality, and their association with dystocia on 3 Colorado dairies. A total of 7,380 calvings produced 7,788 calves on 3 Colorado dairy operations between October 1, 2001, and ...
A Study of the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors of French Dairy Farmers Toward the Farm Register
Apr 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Health organizations worldwide have advocated that treatment records be required to show that antibiotics are used prudently by veterinarians and farmers alike. In 2000, the French government passed legislation making a farm register mandatory for all farms that raise animals ...
Apparent Recovery of Duodenal Odd- and Branched-Chain Fatty Acids in Milk of Dairy Cows
Apr 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT This study compared flows of odd- and branched-chain fatty acids (OBCFA) at the duodenum with corresponding yields in milk. Four mid-lactation Holstein-Friesian dairy cows were offered 4 dietary treatments, based on different ratios of ryegrass silage and concentrates (80:20, ...
Long-Term Effects of Feeding Monensin on Methane Production in Lactating Dairy Cows
Apr 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine the long-term effects of feeding monensin on methane (CH^sub 4^) production in lactating dairy cows. Twenty-four lactating Holstein dairy cows (1.46 ± 0.17 parity; 620 ± 5.9 kg of live weight; 92.5 ± 2.62 d in milk) housed in a ...
Plasma Paraoxonase, Health, Inflammatory Conditions, and Liver Function in Transition Dairy Cows
Apr 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Paraoxonase (PON) is a liver protein with hydrolase activity that is released into the blood stream. Paraoxonase may serve as an index of liver function because it is drastically reduced in chronic liver damage. Sixty-seven periparturient dairy cows were used to evaluate the ...
Phlorizin Induces Lipolysis and Alters Meal Patterns in Both Early-and Late-Lactation Dairy Cows1
Apr 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Phlorizin is known to increase whole-body glucose demand, but it has also stimulated lipolysis in past studies in ruminants. Increased lipolysis complicates studies of dry matter intake (DMI) regulation by hepatic oxidation by providing the liver with additional oxidative ...
Effect of Direct-Fed Microbials on Performance, Diet Digestibility, and Rumen Characteristics of Holstein Dairy Cows1
Apr 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine the effect of feeding direct-fed microbial (DFM) products containing Lactobacillus acidophilus and Propionibacteria freudenreichii on the performance, nutrient digestibility, and rumen fermentation of Holstein dairy cows in ...
Effects of Different Protein Supplements on Omasal Nutrient Flow and Microbial Protein Synthesis in Lactating Dairy Cows1
Apr 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Eight ruminally cannulated Holstein cows that were part of a larger lactation trial were used in 2 replicated 4 × 4 Latin squares to quantify effects of supplementing protein as urea, solvent soybean meal (SSBM), cotton-seed meal (CSM), or canola meal (CM) on omasal nutrient ...
Effects of Different Protein Supplements on Milk Production and Nutrient Utilization in Lactating Dairy Cows1
Apr 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Sixteen (8 ruminally cannulated) multiparous and 8 primiparous lactating Holstein cows were used in 6 replicated 4 × 4 Latin squares to test the effects of feeding supplemental protein as urea, solvent soybean meal (SSBM), cottonseed meal (CSM), or canola meal (CM) on milk ...
Effect of Partial Replacement of Forage Neutral Detergent Fiber with By-Product Neutral Detergent Fiber in Close-Up Diets on Periparturient Performance of Dairy Cows
Apr 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine the effect of partial replacement of forage neutral detergent fiber (NDF) with by-product NDF in close-up diets of dairy cattle on periparturient metabolism and performance. Holstein cows (n = 45) and heifers (n = 19) were fed corn ...
Effect of Supplementing Myristic Acid in Dairy Cow Rations on Ruminal Methanogenesis and Fatty Acid Profile in Milk
Apr 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementing myristic acid in dairy cow rations on ruminal methanogenesis and the fatty acid profile in milk. Twelve multiparous Holstein dairy cows (710 ± 17.3 kg of live weight; 290 ± 41.9 d in milk) housed in a ...
Effect of Dietary Cation-Anion Difference and Dietary Crude Protein on Performance of Lactating Dairy Cows During Hot Weather
Apr 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Thirty-two lactating Holstein cows (225 ± 63 d in milk) were used in a 6-wk trial to determine the effect of dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) and dietary crude protein (CP) concentration on milk and component yield, acid-base status, and serum AA concentrations during hot ...
Influence of Holstein-Friesian Strain and Feed System on Body Weight and Body Condition Score Lactation Profiles
Apr 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The objective of the present study was to determine effects of strain of Holstein-Friesian and feed system on body weight (BW) and body condition score (BCS; scale of 1 to 5) lactation profiles in seasonal-calving, grass-based milk production systems. The 3 strains of ...
Effect of Cobalt Supplementation During Late Gestation and Early Lactation on Milk and Serum Measures1
Apr 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Thirty-six multiparous cows were assigned to a study to determine the effects of dietary Co supplementation during late gestation and early lactation on concentrations of Co in serum and liver, vitamin B12 concentrations in serum and milk, and milk yield. Nonlactating cows ...
Effect of Monensin Delivery Method on Dry Matter Intake, Body Condition Score, and Metabolic Parameters in Transition Dairy Cows
Apr 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT An investigation was conducted to compare the effects of the monensin controlled-release capsule, monensin sodium in feed, and a negative control on feed intake and metabolic parameters in a randomized and blinded clinical trial. A total of 136 Holstein cows and heifers were ...
Omasal Flow of Soluble Proteins, Peptides, and Free Amino Acids in Dairy Cows Fed Diets Supplemented with Proteins of Varying Ruminal Degradabilities1
Apr 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Three ruminally and duodenally cannulated cows were assigned to an incomplete 4 × 4 Latin square with four 14-d periods and were fed diets supplemented with urea, solvent soybean meal, xylose-treated soybean meal (XSBM), or corn gluten meal to study the effects of crude protein ...
A Comparison of Sampling Sites, Digesta and Microbial Markers, and Microbial References for Assessing the Postruminal Supply of Nutrients in Dairy Cows1
Apr 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT This study evaluated the impact of some methodological factors on the flows of nutrients at the omasal canal and duodenum of dairy cows fed corn-based diets. Three ruminally and duodenally cannulated cows were assigned to an incomplete 4 × 4 Latin square with four 14-d periods ...
Effects of Varying Dietary Forage Particle Size in Two Concentrate Levels on Chewing Activity, Ruminal Mat Characteristics, and Passage in Dairy Cows1
Apr 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of varying dietary forage particle size on chewing activity, ruminal mat characteristics, passage, and in situ ruminal and total tract digestion in dairy cows at a low- and high- concentrate inclusion. The experiment was ...
Short Communication: Identification of Allelic Variation at the Bovine DRA Locus by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Single Strand Conformational Polymorphism
Apr 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The major histocompatibility complex DRA locus is noteworthy among the major histocompatibility complex class II loci for the little or no variation reported in many species. In cattle, DRA has not been investigated in depth, and the extent of variation at the locus is not yet ...
Short Communication: Association Analysis of Microsatellites and Mycobacterium avium Subspecies paratuberculosis Antibody Response in German Holsteins
Apr 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Paratuberculosis in ruminants is characterized by chronic granulomatous enteritis, resulting in persistent diarrhea and progressive wasting of cattle infected with Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP). The disease occurs worldwide with high frequency, leading to ...
Temperature-Humidity Indices as Indicators of Milk Production Losses due to Heat Stress
Apr 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Meteorological data (1993 to 2004) from 2 public weather stations in Phoenix, Arizona, and Athens, Georgia, were analyzed with test day milk yield data from herds near weather stations to identify the most appropriate temperature-humidity index (THI) to measure losses in milk ...
Genetic Parameters for Milk Urea Nitrogen in Relation to Milk Production Traits
Apr 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for test-day milk urea nitrogen (MUN) and its relationships with milk production traits. Three test-day morning milk samples were collected from 1,953 Holstein-Friesian heifers located on 398 commercial herds in the ...
Study of Immune Cells Involved in the Antitumor Effect of Kefir in a Murine Breast Cancer Model
Apr 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Administration of kefir and a kefir cell-free fraction (KF) to mice injected with breast tumor cells produced, locally in the mammary gland, different profiles of cells secreting cytokines. Here, the immune cell populations in mammary glands affected by the cyclic consumption of ...
Application of Controlling Instruments for Improvements in Cow Sire Selection
Apr 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT National estimated breeding values of bulls from 1998 through 2006 from 12 different German artificial insemination (AI) organizations were used to determine the differences in expected and realized selection intensities for cow sire selection, considering the total merit index ...
Genetic Parameters for Milk Somatic Cell Score and Relationships with Production Traits in Primiparous Dairy Sheep
Apr 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT A total of 13,066 first-lactation test-day records of 2,277 Valle del Belice ewes from 17 flocks were used to estimate genetic parameters for somatic cell scores (SCS) and milk production traits, using a repeatability test-day animal model. Heritability estimates were low and ...
Genetic Analysis of the Twenty-One-Day Pregnancy Rate in US Holsteins Using an Ordinal Censored Threshold Model with Unknown Voluntary Waiting Period
Apr 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Genetic variation in the number of 21-d opportunity periods required to achieve pregnancy after the voluntary waiting period (VWP) had passed was examined using 44,901 lactation records of 29,422 lactating Holstein cows on 61 large commercial dairy farms in the United States ....
Comparing Local and Commercial Breeds on Functional Traits and Profitability: The Case of Reggiana Dairy Cattle
Apr 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to compare fertility, longevity, milkability, and profitability of cows from the Reggiana and Holstein breeds in northern Italy. Profitability was gauged for each breed, with consideration of economic incentive programs and alternative milk ...
Survey of Salty and Sweet Whey Composition from Various Cheese Plants in Wisconsin
Apr 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Salty whey is currently underutilized in the dairy industry because of its high salt content and increased processing and disposal costs. Salty whey accounts for 2 to 5% of the total whey generated during Cheddar and other dry-salted cheese manufacture. Because relatively little ...
Analysis of Fertility and Dystocia in Holsteins Using Recursive Models to Handle Censored and Categorical Data
Apr 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT A method based on the analysis of recursive multiple-trait models was used to 1) estimate genetic and phenotypic relationships of calving ease (CE) with fertility traits and 2) analyze whether dystocia negatively affects reproductive performance in the next reproductive cycle ....
Large-Scale Dairy Operations: Assessing Concerns of Neighbors About Quality-of-Life Issues
Apr 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT An increasing number of large-scale dairy operations are being built across the United States. Many of the neighbors of proposed large-scale dairy operations are upset at how dairies will affect their quality of life. We assessed the intensity of these concerns at least 1 yr ...
Effect of Spring Grazing Date and Stocking Rate on Sward Characteristics and Dairy Cow Production During Midlactation
Apr 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of initial spring grazing date and subsequent stocking rate on sward characteristics, grazing behavior, milk yield, and dry matter intake of spring-calving dairy cows during the main grazing season. Sixty-four ...
An Evaluation of Dairy Producer Emergency Preparedness and Farm Security Education
Apr 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Dairy producer education on securing the milk and meat supply is important to reduce the food system's vulnerability to contamination, and reduce the likelihood for disease transmission onto and within the farm. The purpose of this project was to develop and test a ...
Direct-Fed Microbial Supplementation and Health and Performance of Pre- and Postpartum Dairy Cattle: A Field Trial
Apr 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT A double-blind field trial was conducted on a commercial dairy to study the effects of feeding a direct-fed microbial (DFM) product consisting of 2 strains of Enterococcus faecium plus Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast on prepartum and postpartum performance of Holstein cows ....
Dry Period Length in US Jerseys: Characterization and Effects on Performance
Apr 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The objectives of this research were to characterize dry period lengths for US Jerseys, determine the effects of days dry (DD) on subsequent lactation actual milk, fat, and protein yields, fat and protein percentages, somatic cell score (SCS), and days open (DO), and to ...
Short Communication: Modification of Genetic Evaluation of Herd Life from a Three-Trait to a Five-Trait Model in Canadian Dairy Cattle
Apr 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The national genetic evaluation of herd life for Canadian dairy breeds was modified from a 3-trait to a 5-trait animal model. The genetic evaluation incorporates information from daughter survival (direct herd life) and information from conformation, fertility, and udder health ...
Erratum
Apr 01, 2007; ... Heat Treatment of Whole Milk by the Direct Joule Effect-Experimental and Numerical Approaches to Fouling Mechanisms L. Fillaudeau, P. Winterton, J. C. Leuliet, J. P. Tissier, V. Maury, F. Semet, P. Debreyne, ...
Journal of Dairy Science 2006 Editorial Report
Apr 01, 2007; ... I am pleased to bring you another extremely positive report on the performance of the Journal of Dairy Science (JDS). The Journal of Dairy Science had another very successful year in 2006 and reached several new milestones for performance. The outstanding staff members at ADSA headquarters and ...
Effect of [kappa]-Casein Polymorphism on Milk Composition in the Orobica Goat
Apr 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to study the effects of isoelectrofocusing (IEF) milk protein variants on milk composition in the Italian Orobica goat breed, which is characterized by a rather high frequency of the κ-casein (CSN3) B^sup IEF^ allele. Significant associations were ...