Journal of Dairy Science back issues from May 2007:
Proteolysis in Mozzarella Cheeses Manufactured by Different Industrial Processes
May 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The objective of the present study was to investigate the influence of stretching temperature, fat content, and time of brining on proteolysis during ripening of Mozzarella cheeses. Seventeen cheese-making experiments (batches) were carried out on an industrial scale on ...
NEWS AND ANNOUNCEMENTS
May 01, 2007; ... ADSA Member News ... DISCOVER Director Search Concluded The ADSA Board of Directors is pleased to announce that Larry R. Miller, USDA-CSREES, has accepted the position of Director, DISCOVER Conferences. After delivering twelve DISCOVER Conferences, and launching the thirteenth, ...
Identification of the Characteristics That Drive Consumer Liking of Butter
May 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT This study identified and explored the sensory characteristics that drive consumer liking of butter. A trained descriptive panel evaluated 27 commercial butters using a defined sensory language. Two focus groups were conducted with butter consumers to gain an understanding of ...
Microfiltration of Buttermilk and Washed Cream Buttermilk for Concentration of Milk Fat Globule Membrane Components
May 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Buttermilk, the by-product from butter manufacture, has gained much attention lately because of the application potential of its milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) components as health ingredients. Microfiltration (MF) has been studied for buttermilk fractionation because of its ...
Influence of Calcium Salt Supplementation on Calcium Equilibrium in Skim Milk During pH Cycle
May 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Calcium is a mineral essential for humans, especially for bone constitution. Yet most of the worldwide population does not satisfy their Ca needs. Hence, Ca supplementation is of major importance, even in western countries where some specific populations at risk do not satisfy ...
Innovative Active Packaging Systems to Prolong the Shelf Life of Mozzarella Cheese
May 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT In this work the effectiveness of different antimicrobial packaging systems on the microbial quality decay kinetics during storage of Mozzarella cheese was evaluated. Lemon extract, at 3 different concentrations, was used as active agent, in combination with brine and with a gel ...
Effects of High Pressure on Proteolytic Enzymes in Cheese: Relationship with the Proteolysis of Ewe Milk Cheese
May 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Ewe milk cheeses were submitted to 200, 300, 400, and 500 MPa (2P to 5P) at 2 stages of ripening (after 1 and 15 d of manufacturing; P1 and P15). The high-pressure-treated cheeses showed a more important hydrolysis of β-casein than control and 2P1 cheeses. Degradation of ...
Hot Topic: Fatty Acid and Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) Isomer Composition of Commercial CLA-Fortified Dairy Products: Evaluation After Processing and Storage
May 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) exerts a strong positive influence on human health but intake of these fatty acids is typically too low, and increased consumption of CLA is recommended. A good way to raise the CLA content in the diet without a radical change in eating habits ...
Enzymatic Production of Infant Milk Fat Analogs Containing Palmitic Acid: Optimization of Reactions by Response Surface Methodology
May 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Infant milk fat analogs resembling human milk fat were synthesized by an enzymatic interesterification between tripalmitin, coconut oil, safflower oil, and soybean oil in hexane. A commercially immobilized 1,3-specific lipase, Lipozyme RM IM, obtained from Rhizomucor miehei was ...
Alternatives for Improving Physical, Chemical, and Sensory Characteristics of Goat Cheeses: The Use of Arid-Land Forages in the Diet
May 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT To establish the effect of an alternative diet on the quality of Majorero cheese, the basic physicochemical parameters, fatty acid profile, and sensory characteristics were studied. Two groups of 20 Majorero goats were fed 2 different diets: a forage diet (DF), which had a high ...
Trans-9, Cis-11 Conjugated Linoleic Acid Reduces Milk Fat Synthesis in Lactating Dairy Cows1
May 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Under certain dietary situations, rumen biohydrogenation results in the production of unique fatty acids that inhibit milk fat synthesis. The first of these to be identified was trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), but others are postulated to contribute to ...
An Economic Evaluation of Freeze-Dried Kefir Starter Culture Production Using Whey
May 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT An economic study is presented in which industrial-scale production of freeze-dried kefir starter culture is discussed based on results on a laboratory scale. Industrial scale-up was based on a 3-step process using 3 bioreactors of 100, 3,000, and 30,000 L for 300 kg of ...
Stability of the Biodiversity of the Surface Consortia of Gubbeen, a Red-Smear Cheese
May 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT A total of 1,052 bacteria and 828 yeasts were isolated from the surface flora of 6 batches of Gubbeen cheese made in 1996-1997 and 2002-2003. Stability of the microflora was evaluated over time and also during ripening at 4, 10, and 16 d (batches 4, 5, and 6) or at 4, 16, 23, ...
Factors Regulating Cheese Shreddability
May 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Two sets of cheeses were evaluated to determine factors that affect shred quality. The first set of cheeses was made up of 3 commercial cheeses, Monterey Jack, Mozzarella, and process. The second set of cheeses was made up of 3 Mozzarella cheeses with varying levels of protein ...
Short Communication: Usage of Mechanical Brushes by Lactating Dairy Cows
May 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this experiment was to investigate how the provision of a mechanical brush affects the grooming (scratching) behavior of group-housed dairy cattle. To do this, we compared the grooming behavior of 72 dairy cows, split into 6 groups of 12, in the absence of a ...
Technical Note: Effect of Sampling Protocol on Plasma Nonesterified Fatty Acid Concentration in Dairy Cows
May 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The objective of these experiments was to determine effects of sampling protocol on plasma nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentration. In experiment 1, 8 nonlactating, nongestating dairy cows were blood sampled from a jugular vein catheter (basal, 0 min), moved to an exercise ...
Effect of a Biological Response Modifier on Expression of Growth Factors and Cellular Proliferation at Drying Off
May 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Agents that increase natural protective mechanisms have been proposed for the prevention and treatment of intramammary infections. Staphylococcus aureus is a major pathogen causing primarily subclinical chronic mastitis that responds poorly to antibiotic therapy. The objectives ...
Application of a New Portable Microscopic Somatic Cell Counter with Disposable Plastic Chip for Milk Analysis
May 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The somatic cell count (SCC) is one of the international standards for monitoring milk quality, and it is a useful indicator of mastitis. The current reference method for determining the SCC in raw milk is direct microscopic analysis, but this method requires well-trained staff ...
Front-Face Fluorescence Measurement of Photosensitizers and Lipid Oxidation Products During the Photooxidation of Butter
May 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT This paper shows that fluorescence spectroscopy can measure both degradation of photosensitizers and formation of lipid oxidation products in light-exposed butter. The photosensitizers were already notably degraded after 4 h of light exposure, whereas fluorescent lipid oxidation ...
Use of Whey Permeate for Cultivating Ganoderma lucidum Mycelia
May 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT A novel approach to utilizing whey permeate, the cultivation of mycelia of the edible mushroom Ganoderma lucidum, is introduced. The major objective of this research was to use whey permeate as an alternative growth medium for the cultivation of mycelia of edible mushroom G ....
Yield Losses Associated with Clinical Mastitis Occurring in Different Weeks of Lactation
May 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The effects of the first lactational incidence of clinical mastitis (CM) on milk, fat, and protein production were studied in the Swedish Red and Swedish Holstein breeds. The data consisted of 38,535 weekly production records from 1,192 lactations (506 cows), sampled from 1987 ...
A Probabilistic Neural Network Model for Lameness Detection
May 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT A 4-balance system for measuring the leg-load distribution of dairy cows during milking to detect lameness was developed. Leg weights of 73 cows were successfully recorded during almost 10,000 robotic milkings over a period of 5 mo. Cows were scored weekly for locomotion, and ...
Technical Note: Estimation of Milk Fatty Acid Yield from Milk Fat Data
May 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Most publications reporting milk fatty acid (FA) yields estimate these yields from milk fat yields and a coefficient estimating the proportion of FA in milk fat. The most widely used coefficient is, in fact, the proportion of fatty acyl radicals (i.e., FA from which the OH group ...
Short Communication: A Positive Relationship Between the First Ovulation Postpartum and the Increasing Ratio of Milk Yield in the First Part of Lactation in Dairy Cows
May 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between characteristics of the lactation curve, on the basis of daily milk yield, and ovulation within 3 wk postpartum as an indicator of early return to luteal activity in dairy cows. Lactation records from 46 ...
Interaction of Somatic Cell Count and Quarter Milk Flow Patterns
May 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Milk flow parameters at udder and quarter levels were studied in relation to somatic cell count (SCO and other risk factors for mastitis (bimodality, duration of decline, and duration of overmilking phase). Thirty-eight Holstein cows in their first to sixth lactations were ...
Short Communication: Rate of Propionate Infusion Within Meals Does Not Influence Feeding Behavior
May 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Propionate has been shown to depress the feed intake of ruminants, but whether the rate of propionate infusion influences this response is unknown. To test this possibility, the rate of propionate infused within meals was altered while the total amount of propionate infused was ...
Performance and Ruminal Fermentation of Dairy Cows Fed Whole Cottonseed with Elevated Concentrations of Free Fatty Acids in the Oil
May 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Twenty-four lactating Holstein cows were used in an 8-wk completely randomized design trial to examine the effects of feeding whole cottonseed (WCS) with elevated concentrations of free fatty acids (FFA) in the oil on intake and performance. Treatments included WCS with normal ...
Short Communication: Addition of Milk Replacer to Colostrum Whey: Effect on Immunoglobulin G Passive Transfer in Majorera Kids
May 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Forty-two Majorera kids (21 males and 21 females) were assigned to 3 groups, a colostrum group (C), a colostrum whey group (CW), and a colostrum whey plus milk replacer group (CWMR). All kids were fed twice on the first day and received 4 g of IgG/kg of body weight. No ...
Assessment of the Effects of Cinnamon Leaf Oil on Rumen Microbial Fermentation Using Two Continuous Culture Systems1
May 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Two continuous culture (CC) systems, the rumen simulation technique (Rusitec) and a dual-flow (DF) fermenter, were used to evaluate effects of the essential oil from cinnamon leaf (CIN) on rumen microbial fermentation. Incubations (d 1 through 8 for adaptation and d 9 through 16 ...
Effects of Environmental Heat on Conception Rates in Lactating Dairy Cows: Critical Periods of Exposure
May 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Environmental heat can reduce conception rates (the proportion of services that result in pregnancy) in lactating dairy cows. The study objectives were to identify periods of exposure relative to the service date in which environmental heat is most closely associated with ...
Prevention of Clinical Mastitis with Barium Selenate in Dairy Goats from a Selenium-Deficient Area
May 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Mastitis is one of the most negative factors involved in the economy of dairy goat farms. The effect of selenium on mammary gland resistance to infectious diseases has been demonstrated. This work evaluates the efficacy of a slow-release Se salt (barium selenate) to reduce the ...
Effect of L-Carnitine Infusion and Feed Restriction on Carnitine Status in Lactating Holstein Cows1
May 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Previously we determined that abomasal infusion of L-carnitine increased in vitro hepatic fatty acid oxidation, decreased liver lipid accumulation, and supported higher fat-corrected milk yield in feed-restricted lactating cows. The objectives of this study were to examine the ...
Estimation of the Proportion of Feed Protein Digested in the Small Intestine of Cattle Consuming Wet Corn Gluten Feed1
May 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The objectives of this study were to expand the database and determine the intestinal digestibility of rumen undegradable protein (dRUP) of common dairy feeds and to determine the effects of feeding 37.9% wet corn gluten feed on these estimates. Two ruminally and duodenally ...
Prepartum Milking of Heifers Influences Future Production and Health
May 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Transition heifers face multiple stressors during the periparturient period, including first exposure to milking, that may adversely impact dry matter intake (DMI), reduce milk production, compromise immune function, and increase susceptibility to disease. It was hypothesized ...
Housekeeping Gene Expression in Bovine Liver is Affected by Physiological State, Feed Intake, and Dietary Treatment1
May 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Selection of appropriate housekeeping genes (HKG) for normalization of quantitative PCR data for genes of interest is critical for interpretation of results. Ideally, copy number of the chosen HKG mRNA will not vary with experimental treatments or physiological state in the ...
Effect of Roughage Source and Roughage to Concentrate Ratio on Animal Performance and Rumen Development in Veal Calves1
May 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Sixty-four male Holstein-Friesian × Dutch Friesian veal calves (46 ± 3.0 kg) were used to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of different levels and sources of dietary roughage on animal performance and rumen development. Treatments consisted of 1) C100 = concentrate only; 2) ...
Effect of a Soy Protein-Based Diet on Ribonucleic Acid Metabolism in the Small Intestinal Mucosa of Goat Kids
May 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT This study was designed to investigate the effect of soy protein inclusion in milk replacer diets for goat kids on protein, RNA, and DNA contents in small intestinal mucosa, on the importance of RNA biosynthesis from dietary RNA precursors for mucosal RNA synthesis, and on the ...
Pattern of Expression of the Uterine Milk Protein Gene and its Association with Productive Life in Dairy Cattle
May 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The uterine milk proteins (UTMP) are the major proteins secreted by the endometrium, primarily under the control of progesterone. Specific functions of UTMP are poorly understood, but may include protease inhibition, nutrition of the conceptus, growth control, and suppression of ...
Genetic Evaluations for Mixed-Breed Populations
May 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT An all-breed animal model was developed for routine genetic evaluations of US dairy cattle. Data sets from individual breeds were combined, and records from crossbred cows were included. About 1% of recent cows were first-generation crossbreds. The numbers of cows with records ...
Variations in Carotenoids, Vitamins A and E, and Color in Cow's Plasma and Milk During Late Pregnancy and the First Three Months of Lactation
May 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The main aim of this work was to assess the effect of lactation period on the secretion of carotenoids in cow's milk. Our objective was to determine the variations in carotenoids in the plasma and milk of dairy cows from drying off to wk 12 of lactation, and to specify whether ...
Selection for Profit in Cattle: II. Economic Weights for Dairy and Beef Sires in Crossbreeding Systems
May 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The relative economic importance (economic weights) of 18 traits was determined for Holstein and Charolais sires used in a dairy production system applying cross-breeding with beef sires and in a cow-calf pasture crossbreeding system with integrated fattening of surplus animals ....
Stillbirth (Co)Variance Components for a Sire-Maternal Grandsire Threshold Model and Development of a Calving Ability Index for Sire Selection
May 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT (Co)variance components for stillbirth in US Hoisteins were estimated under a sire-maternal grandsire threshold model using subsets of data from the national calving ease database, which includes over 6 million calving records with associated stillbirth scores. Stillbirth was ...
Genetic Analysis of Milk Urea Nitrogen and Lactose and Their Relationships with Other Production Traits in Canadian Holstein Cattle
May 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this research was to estimate heritabilities of milk urea nitrogen (MUN) and lactose in the first 3 parities and their genetic relationships with milk, fat, protein, and SCS in Canadian Holsteins. Data were a random sample of complete herds (60,645 test day ...
Consequences of Selection for Yield Traits on Calving Ease Performance
May 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The impact of different breeding goals on the genetic response for calving ease (CE) and yield traits was studied in the Basque Holstein cattle population. The economic value for CE was estimated with a bioeconomic model, using Basque production and market circumstances and ...
Longitudinal Monitoring of Listeria monocytogenes Contamination Patterns in a Farmstead Dairy Processing Facility
May 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Contamination of dairy products with Listeria monocytogenes is a concern because multiple human listeriosis outbreaks have been linked to contaminated cheese and dairy products. Dairy production on farmstead operations may be a particular concern because L. monocytogenes is also ...
Effects of Chop Length of Alfalfa and Corn Silage on Milk Production and Rumen Fermentation of Dairy Cows
May 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Effects of chop length (shorter = 10 mm or longer = 19 mm) of alfalfa silage and corn silage were determined in 16 midlactation Holstein cows using a 4 × 4 Latin square design with a 2 × 2 arrangement of treatments. Experimental periods were 21 d long and consisted of 14 d of ...
The Effect of Lactobacillus buchneri 40788 on the Fermentation and Aerobic Stability of Ground and Whole High-Moisture Corn1
May 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of inoculating high-moisture corn (HMC) with Lactobacillus buchneri 40788 on silage fermentation and aerobic stability. In the first experiment, HMC (73% DM) was ground and treated with nothing, L. buchneri 40788 to achieve 6.6 ...
Danish Stable Schools for Experiential Common Learning in Groups of Organic Dairy Farmers
May 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The farmer field school (FFS) is a concept for farmers' learning, knowledge exchange, and empowerment that has been developed and used in developing countries. In Denmark, a research project focusing on explicit non-antibiotic strategies involves farmers who have actively ...
Expected Net Present Value of Pure and Mixed Sexed Semen Artificial Insemination Strategies in Dairy Heifers
May 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Sexed semen has been a long-anticipated tool for dairy farmers to obtain more heifer calves, but challenges exist for integrating sexed semen into commercial dairy farm reproduction programs. The decreased conception rates (CR) experienced with sexed semen make virgin heifers ...
Supplemental Choline for Prevention and Alleviation of Fatty Liver in Dairy Cattle
May 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Two experiments were conducted to evaluate if supplementing rumen-protected choline (RPC; Reashure, Balchem Encapsulates, Slate Hill, NY) could prevent or alleviate fatty liver in dairy cattle. The first experiment evaluated the effect of supplementing RPC on hepatic ...
Identifying Efficient Dairy Producers Using Data Envelopment Analysis
May 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this research was to calculate the efficiency of a group of Pennsylvania dairy farms to determine factors that contributed to efficiency in production and business management. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) was used to estimate the efficiency. Two models were ...
A Model Describing Debaryomyces hansenii Growth and Substrate Consumption During a Smear Soft Cheese Deacidification and Ripening
May 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT A mechanistic model for Debaryomyces hansenii growth and substrate consumption, lactose conversion into lactate by lactic acid bacteria, as well as lactose and lactate transfer from the core toward the rind was established. The model described the first step (14 d) of the ...
Errata
May 01, 2007; ... Environmental Sensitivity in New Zealand Dairy Cattle J. R. Bryant, N. Lopez-Villalobos, J. E. Pryce, C. W. Holmes, D. L. Johnson, and D. J. Garrick J. Dairy Sci. 90:1538-1547 It has been brought to our attention that the equation for HLI on page 1540 was presented ...
Selection Responses for Disease Resistance in Two Selection Experiments with Norwegian Red Cows
May 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Genetic trends for clinical mastitis (CM), ketosis (KET), retained placenta (RP), and 305-d protein yield (PY305) were calculated for 2 Norwegian dairy cattle selection experiments. The first experiment, accomplished from 1978 to 1989, included groups selected for high (HMP) and ...
Short Communication: Feed Selection by Dairy Cows Fed Individually in a Tie-Stall or as a Group in a Free-Stall Barn
May 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The objectives of the present study were to compare feed selection in tie- vs. free-stall barns and also to verify possible correlations between feed selection and milk composition. Forty multiparous and 20 primiparous lactating Holstein cows were utilized in a crossover design ...
Genetic Evaluation of Stillbirth in United States Holsteins Using a Sire-Maternal Grandsire Threshold Model
May 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT A sire-maternal grandsire threshold model was used for genetic evaluation of stillbirth in US Holsteins. Calving ease and stillbirth records for herds reporting at least 10 dead calves were extracted from the Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory database. About half of the 14 ...
A Cost and Returns Evaluation of Alternative Dairy Products to Determine Capital Investment and Operational Feasibility of a Small-Scale Dairy Processing Facility1
May 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT This study examines the economic feasibility of 50-and 500-cow dairy processing facilities for fluid milk, yogurt, and cheese. Net present value and internal rate of return calculations for projected costs and returns over a 10-yr period indicate that larger yogurt and cheese ...
Selection for Profit in Cattle: I. Economic Weights for Purebred Dairy Cattle in the Czech Republic
May 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT A bioeconomic model for dairy cattle production was used to estimate economic values of 18 traits for dairy sires in purebred Holstein and Czech Fleckvieh populations. Economic values were denned as partial derivatives of the profit function with respect to each trait in a ...
Use of Herd Solutions from a Random Regression Test-Day Model for Diagnostic Dairy Herd Management
May 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT In a random regression test-day model, environmental effects in addition to individual animal factors can be included and analyzed. Moreover, instead of herd-year classification of the management groups, the herd-test-day classification within the model better accounts for ...
A Field Study on Fertility and Purity of Sex-Sorted Cattle Sperm
May 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The study assessed the fertility and purity of sexed semen used for inseminating Holstein-Friesian heifers in commercial dairy herds. Sex-sorted semen from 4 proven Holstein-Friesian bulls and available under commercial conditions was used on nulliparous Hoistein heifers reared ...