Journal of Dairy Science back issues from June 2007:
NEWS AND ANNOUNCEMENTS
Jun 01, 2007; ... ADSA Member News ... Attending the 2007 ADSA-PSA-AMPA-ASAS Annual Meeting? Please remember to register early for the 2007 Joint Annual Meeting in San Antonio, Texas, July 8-12. Register for the meeting and secure your hotel room before June 6, 2007, to get the early registration ...
Letter to the Editor: Mastitis Treatment Trials
Jun 01, 2007; ... Published articles on antimicrobial treatment of mastitis often lack some important information. These are details of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the antimicrobial agents used, including the in vitro susceptibility of the bacteria isolated from the treated cows to the drug used ...
Invited Review: Essential Oils as Modifiers of Rumen Microbial Fermentation
Jun 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Microorganisms in the rumen degrade nutrients to produce volatile fatty acids and synthesize microbial protein as an energy and protein supply for the ruminant, respectively. However, this fermentation process has energy (losses of methane) and protein (losses of ammonia N) ...
Butter Composition and Texture from Cows with Different Milk Fatty Acid Compositions Fed Fish Oil or Roasted Soybeans1
Jun 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Changing the milk fatty acid composition can improve the nutritional and physical properties of dairy products and their acceptability to consumers. A more healthful milk fatty acid composition can be achieved by altering the cow's diet, for example, by feeding supplemental fish ...
Gelation upon Long Storage of Milk Drinks with Carrageenan
Jun 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The carrageenan-induced stabilization and gelation of ultra-high-temperature-treated milk was studied during long storage. Severe heating (causing increased protein denaturation), lowering of the pH, or the use of κ-carrageenan (instead of ι-carrageenan) led to ...
Effect of Insoluble Calcium Concentration on Rennet Coagulation Properties of Milk
Jun 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Rennet-induced gels were made from milk acidified to various pH values or milk at pH 6.0 that had added EDTA. The objective was to examine the effect of removing insoluble Ca (INS Ca) from casein micelles (CM) on rennet gelation properties. For the pH trial, diluted lactic acid ...
Milk and Urine Excretion of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Their Hydroxylated Metabolites After a Single Oral Administration in Ruminants
Jun 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to establish the transfer of phenanthrene, pyrene, and benzo[a]pyrene and their major hydroxylated metabolites to milk and to urine after a single oral administration (100 mg per animal of each compound) in 4 lactating goats. Detection and ...
Effect of Bifidobacterium bifidum Fermented Milk on Helicobacter pylori and Serum Pepsinogen Levels in Humans
Jun 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Helicobacter pylori infection is an important risk factor for gastric diseases. Some probiotics are useful for suppressing H. pylori infection. Bifidobacterium bifidum YIT 4007 can improve the experimental gastric injury in rats and the disease stages on the gastric mucosa in ...
Industrial Yogurt Manufacture: Monitoring of Fermentation Process and Improvement of Final Product Quality
Jun 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Lactic acid fermentation during the production of skim milk and whole fat set-style yogurt was continuously monitored by measuring pH. The modified Gompertz model was successfully applied to describe the pH decline and viscosity development during the fermentation process. The ...
Effect of Iron Saturation on the Recovery of Lactoferrin in Rennet Whey Coming from Heat-Treated Skim Milk
Jun 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine the effect of thermal treatments on the recovery of lactoferrin in whey coming from rennet-coagulated skim milk. The impact of lactoferrin iron saturation was also assessed using skim milk spiked with different lactoferrin iron forms. The recovery ...
Thermocalcic Aggregation of Milk Fat Globule Membrane Fragments from Acid Buttermilk Cheese Whey
Jun 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Fragments originating from the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM), which is rich in polar lipids and membrane-specific proteins, are gaining interest for their functional and nutritional properties. Acid buttermilk cheese whey was used as a source for MFGM purification, because ...
Effect of Type of Concentrated Sweet Cream Buttermilk on the Manufacture, Yield, and Functionality of Pizza Cheese
Jun 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Sweet cream buttermilk (SCB) is a rich source of phospholipids (PL). Most SCB is sold in a concentrated form. This study was conducted to determine if different concentration processes could affect the behavior of SCB as an ingredient in cheese. Sweet cream buttermilk was ...
Characterization of Italian Cheeses Ripened Under Nonconventional Conditions
Jun 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Four Italian cheeses (Casciotta di Urbino, Barricato San Martino, Vento d'Estate, and Ubriaco di Raboso) nonconventionally ripened under different plant materials (walnut leaves, herbs, hay, and wine by-products, respectively) were compared for compositional, microbiological, ...
Solubilized Micellar Calcium Induced Low Methoxyl-Pectin Aggregation During Milk Acidification
Jun 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Low methoxyl (LM) pectin was combined with 3-kDa molecular weight cut-off permeates from milk subjected to pH 6.7 to 5 and 7°C or 40° with the objective of studying the effect of solubilized micellar calcium on viscoelastic properties of LM-pectin-milk mixes. Lowering the pH of ...
Development of New Probiotics by Strain Combinations: Is It Possible to Improve the Adhesion to Intestinal Mucus?
Jun 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT We evaluated the ability of commercial probiotic strains (Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, L. rhamnosus LC705, Bifidobacterium breve 99, and Propionibacterium freudenreichii ssp. shermanii JS) to adhere alone or in different combinations to immobilized mucus. Probiotic combinations ...
Occurrence of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Artisanal Palmero Cheese Smoked with Two Types of Vegetable Matter
Jun 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Palmero cheese is a fresh smoked cheese from the Isle of Palma (Canary Islands), manufactured with goat's milk. To guarantee its safety, the occurrence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in artisanal Palmero cheese smoked with 2 types of vegetable matter (almond shells ...
Abundance and Phosphorylation State of Translation Initiation Factors in Mammary Glands of Lactating and Nonlactating Dairy Cows
Jun 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT To test if control of mRNA translation is involved in the increase in protein synthesis by mammary glands during lactation, cellular contents and phosphorylation states of translation factors and their upstream regulators were measured in mammary parenchyma from 12 nonpregnant ...
Induction of Hyperlipidemia by Intravenous Infusion of Tallow Emulsion Causes Insulin Resistance in Holstein Cows
Jun 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The objective was to test whether the induction of elevated blood nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) by i.v. infusion of a tallow emulsion altered glucose tolerance and responsiveness to insulin in Holstein cows. Six nonlactating, nongestating Holstein cows were assigned to a ...
Bacillus cereus Spores During Housing of Dairy Cows: Factors Affecting Contamination of Raw Milk
Jun 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The contamination of raw milk with Bacillus cereus spores was studied during the indoor confinement of dairy cattle. The occurrence of spores in fresh and used bedding material, air samples, feed, feces, and the rinse water from milking equipment was compared with the spore ...
Methane Emissions from Dairy Cows Measured Using the Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF^sub 6^) Tracer and Chamber Techniques
Jun 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Our study compared methane (CH^sub 4^) emissions from lactating dairy cows measured using the sulfur hexafluoride (SF^sub 6^) tracer and open-circuit respiration chamber techniques. The study was conducted using 16 lactating Holstein-Friesian cows. In each chamber, the cow was ...
Contribution of Macrophages to Proteolysis and Plasmin Activity in Ewe Bulk Milk
Jun 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT A total of 225 bulk sheep milk samples were collected from 5 intensively managed flocks during early, mid, and late lactation to assess the contribution of macrophages to the regulation of the plasmin-plasminogen system. Samples were analyzed for composition, somatic cell ...
Behavior, Milk Yield, and Milk Composition of Machine- and Hand-Milked Murgese Mares
Jun 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT A 25-d trial was performed to assess the effects of machine and hand milking on behavior, and milk yield and composition of mares; the trial involved 8 Murgese mares. Milk yield was higher (7.69 vs. 4.91 kg) and milking time was shorter (1.80 vs. 5.40 min) in machine-milked than ...
The Effect of Subclinical Ketosis in Early Lactation on Reproductive Performance of Postpartum Dairy Cows
Jun 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Data generated from 796 Holstein cows enrolled in a clinical trial to investigate the health effect of a monensin controlled release capsule were analyzed to investigate the association between circulating serum β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) concentration in the periparturient ...
Effect of Stillbirths on Dam Survival and Reproduction Performance in Holstein Dairy Cows
Jun 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of stillbirth on survival and reproductive performance of lactating dairy cows. Data were collected from 2 different regions of the US calving-ease scores (CES) were recorded by farm personnel on a scale of 1 (no problem) ...
Rectal Temperature, Calving-Related Factors, and the Incidence of Puerperal Metritis in Postpartum Dairy Cows
Jun 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The objectives of this study were as follows: 1) to evaluate the association among abnormal calving, parity, and season on the incidence of puerperal metritis (PM) and clinical endometritis (CE) during d 3 to 13 and 20 to 30 postpartum, respectively; 2) to describe the rectal ...
Risk Factors for Changing Test Classification in the Danish Surveillance Program for Salmonella in Dairy Herds
Jun 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT A surveillance program in which all cattle herds in Denmark are classified into Salmonella infection categories has been in place since 2002. Dairy herds were considered test negative and thus most likely free of infection if Salmonella antibody measurements were consistently ...
Altering Physically Effective Fiber Intake Through Forage Proportion and Particle Length: Chewing and Ruminal pH1
Jun 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Alfalfa silages varying in theoretical chop length and diets high and low in forage proportion were used to evaluate whether increasing the physically effective (pe) neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content of dairy cow diets reduces the risk of acidosis. The experiment was ...
Enhancing In Vitro Degradation of Alfalfa Hay and Corn Silage1 Using Feed Enzymes
Jun 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT A series of in vitro fermentation experiments was performed to assess the effects of 4 feed enzyme products (FE) that varied in enzymatic activities on the degradation of alfalfa hay and corn silage. The FE contained a range of endoglucanase, exoglucanase, xylanase, and protease ...
Effect of Grains Differing in Expected Ruminal Fermentability on the Productivity of Lactating Dairy Cows
Jun 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of barley and corn grains differing in expected fermentability in the rumen on dry matter intake (DMI) and productivity of lactating dairy cows. Twenty-two multiparous and 9 primiparous lactating Holstein cows (94 ± 29 d in ...
Selection of Barley Grain Affects Ruminal Fermentation, Starch Digestibility, and Productivity of Lactating Dairy Cows
Jun 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of 2 lots of barley grain cultivars differing in expected ruminal starch degradation on dry matter (DM) intake, ruminal fermentation, ruminal and total tract digestibility, and milk production of dairy cows when provided at ...
Effects of the Method of Conservation of Timothy on Nitrogen Metabolism in Lactating Dairy Cows
Jun 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Six ruminally and duodenally cannulated lactating primiparous Holstein cows were used to study the effects of different methods of conservation of timothy on N metabolism. Cows were assigned randomly to 2 replicated 3x3 Latin squares (35-d periods). Because of missing data from ...
Effects of Fescue Type and Sampling Date on the Ruminal Disappearance Kinetics of Autumn-Stockpiled Tall Fescue1,2
Jun 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Two tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) forages, one an experimental host plant/endophyte association containing a novel endophyte (HM4) that produces low or nil concentrations of ergot alkaloids, and the other a typical association of Kentucky 31 tall fescue and the ...
Diet Supplementation with Fish Oil and Sunflower Oil to Increase Conjugated Linoleic Acid Levels in Milk Fat of Partially Grazing Dairy Cows
Jun 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine the long-term effect on milk conjugated linoleic acid (cis-9, trans-11 CLA) of adding fish oil (FO) and sunflower oil (SFO) to the diets of partially grazing dairy cows. Fourteen Holstein cows were divided into 2 groups (7 ...
Short Communication: Absorption of Protein and Immunoglobulin G in Calves Fed a Colostrum Replacer1
Jun 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT A well-managed colostrum program on farms is the most important step in reducing disease in neonatal calves. In the last few years, colostrum replacers have increased in popularity and are designed to be an alternative to colostrum on farms that have poor colostrum quality, ...
Ruminal and Intestinal Degradability of Distillers Grains plus Solubles Varies by Source1
Jun 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Currently in the dairy industry, there is a concern about the variability in the nutrient content among sources of distillers grains plus solubles (DG), but little research has evaluated the variability in metabolizable AA among sources. The ruminal degradability of crude ...
Cheese Manufacture with Milk with Elevated Conjugated Linoleic Acid Levels Caused by Dietary Manipulation
Jun 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to assess the effect of dietary supplementation of cows on pasture with sunflower oil for conjugated linoleic acid (cis-9, trans-11 CLA) enrichment of milk, for the production of CLA-enriched cheese. A group of 40 autumn-calving dairy cows were ...
Production Performance and Milk Composition of Dairy Cows Fed Whole or Ground Flaxseed With or Without Monensin1,2
Jun 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Eight multiparous Holstein cows averaging 570 ± 43 kg of body weight and 60 ± 20 d in milk were used in a double Latin square design with four 21-d experimental periods to determine the effects of feeding ground or whole flaxseed with or without monensin supplementation (0.02% ...
Short Communication: Absorption of 2-Hydroxy-4-Methylthiobutanoate in Dairy Cows
Jun 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to measure net portal absorption of 2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutanoate (HMTBA) in dairy cows. Four multicatheterized lactating cows were used in a cross-over design with 7-d experimental periods. They were fed every other hour a total mixed ration ...
Prepartum Nutrition Alters Fatty Acid Composition in Plasma, Adipose Tissue, and Liver Lipids of Periparturient Dairy Cows1
Jun 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The fatty acyl profile of phospholipids (PL) determines the fluidity of cell membranes and affects cell function. The degree to which long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) composition of PL and triacylglycerols (TG) in liver and total lipids in adipose tissue can be altered by prepartum ...
Effect of Level of Metabolizable Protein on Milk Production and Nitrogen Utilization in Lactating Dairy Cows1
Jun 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the level of metabolizable protein (MP) on milk production and nitrogen utilization in Chinese Holstein dairy cows. Forty multiparous dairy cows (body weight = 590 kg; days in milk = 135; average milk yield = 30.2 ...
The Association of Bovine PPARGC1A and OPN Genes with Milk Composition in Two Independent Holstein Cattle Populations
Jun 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Many studies have reported quantitative trait loci on chromosome 6 that affect milk production traits in dairy cattle. Osteopontin (OPN) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PPARGC1A) are located in the middle of chromosome 6 about 6 Mb ...
Statistical Modeling of Candidate Gene Effects on Milk Production Traits in Dairy Cattle
Jun 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT A major objective of dairy cattle genomic research is to identify genes underlying the variability of milk production traits that could be useful in breeding programs. The candidate gene approach provides tools for searching for causative polymorphisms affecting quantitative ...
Characterization of the DGAT1 K232A and Variable Number of Tandem Repeat Polymorphisms in French Dairy Cattle
Jun 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT A quantitative trait locus (QTL) underlying different milk production traits has been identified with a high significance threshold value in the genomic region containing the acylCoArdiacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT1) gene, in the 3 main French dairy cattle breeds: French ...
Characterization of Genetic Polymorphism of the Bovine Lymphocyte Antigen DRB3.2 Locus in Kankrej Cattle (Bos indicus)
Jun 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Bovine lymphocyte antigen DRB 3.2 (BoLA-DRB3.2) gene encodes for the beta chain of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecule in cattle, which is a glycoprotein present on the surface of antigen-presenting cells. This locus shows extensive polymorphism in it ....
A Stochastic Simulation Study on Validation of an Approximate Multitrait Model Using Preadjusted Data for Prediction of Breeding Values
Jun 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Three different models for prediction of breeding values were compared in a stochastic simulation study of a dairy cattle population of 100,000 cows. The simulation was done in 2 steps. The first step involved 15 yr of selection using breeding values obtained in a univariate ...
Short Communication: Identification of Two Polymorphisms in the Goat Lipoprotein Lipase Gene and Their Association with Milk Production Traits
Jun 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is a glycoprotein that plays a central role in plasma triglycéride metabolism by hydrolyzing triglyceride-rich chylomicrons and very low density lipoproteins. The activity of milk LPL has been shown to differ among several goat breeds, suggesting the ...
Evaluation of Chemical Parameters in Soft Mold-Ripened Cheese During Ripening by Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy
Jun 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The suitability of mid-infrared spectroscopy (MIR) to follow the evolution throughout ripening of specific physicochemical parameters in Camembert-type cheeses was evaluated. The infrared spectra were obtained directly from raw cheese samples deposited on an attenuated total ...
Effects of Physical Form of a Starter for Dairy Replacement Calves on Feed Intake and Performance
Jun 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT One hundred six female Holstein calves [body weight (BW) = 41.5 ± 0.37 kg and 11.2 ± 0.3 d old] were used to evaluate the effects of physical form of a starter on animal performance and starter intake. Calves were randomly allocated to 2 treatments consisting of either a ...
Efficiency of Use of Imported Magnesium, Sulfur, Copper, and Zinc on Idaho Dairy Farms
Jun 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Six commercial dairies from south central Idaho were surveyed to estimate the whole-farm surpluses of magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn). Mineral imports and exports were monitored in a 12-mo period and samples from the diets, feeds, feces, urine, and manure ...
Optimal Choice of Dairy Forages in Eastern Australia
Jun 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Although several forage species such as perennial ryegrass are predominant, there is a wide range of forage species that could be grown in subtropical and temperate regions in Australia as dairy pastures. These species have differing seasonal patterns of growth, nutrient ...
The Effect of Early-Lactation Feeding Strategy on the Lactation Performance of Spring-Calving Dairy Cows
Jun 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to establish the influence of daily herbage allowance (DHA) and supplementation level offered to spring-calving dairy cows in early lactation on animal performance throughout lactation. Sixty-six Holstein-Friesian dairy cows were randomly assigned ...
Erratum
Jun 01, 2007; ... Prediction and Evaluation of Urine and Urinary Nitrogen and Mineral Excretion from Dairy Cattle T. D. Nennich, J. H. Harrison, L. M. VanWieringen, N. R. St-Pierre, R. L. Kincaid, M. A.Wattiaux, D. L. Davidson, and E. Block J ....
Characterization of the Casein Gene Complex in West African Goats and Description of a New [alpha]^sub s1^-Casein Polymorphism
Jun 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The analysis of casein polymorphisms was carried out in West Africa goat populations: Red Sokoto (n = 57), West African Dwarf Nigeria (n = 27), West African Dwarf Cameroon (n = 39), and Borno (n = 37). The 4 casein genes α^sub s1^ (CSN1S1), β (CSN2), α^sub s2^ ...
Efficacy of a Lactoferrin-Penicillin Combination to Treat [beta]-Lactam-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Mastitis1
Jun 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The efficacy of intramammary (IM) treatments containing penicillin G (PG) alone or a combination of PG and bovine lactoferrin (bLF) was evaluated using a model of experimentally induced chronic bovine mastitis caused by a clinical isolate of Staphylococcus aureus highly ...