Journal of Dairy Science back issues from July 2007:
NEWS AND ANNOUNCEMENTS
Jul 01, 2007; ... ADSA Member News. . . JDS Introduces Open Access Publishing The Journal of Dairy Science(TM) now offers two options for publication of articles: Conventional and Open Access. Under the Conventional option, the charge for publication is $85 per printed page in the journal ...
Rennet Paste from Lambs Fed a Milk Substitute Supplemented with Lactobacillus acidophilus: Effects on Lipolysis in Ovine Cheese
Jul 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The present work was undertaken to evaluate the effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus supplementation of a milk substitute on the features of lamb rennet paste used for cheese making. Lipolysis in cheese manufactured with rennet paste from lambs receiving supplemented milk was ...
Characterization of Carbohydrate Structures of Bovine MUC15 and Distribution of the Mucin in Bovine Milk
Jul 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The present work reports the characterization of carbohydrate structures and the distribution of the newly identified mucin MUC15, a highly glycosylated protein associated with the bovine milk fat globule membrane (MFGM). Distribution of MUC15 was investigated in various ...
Evaluation of the MilkoScan FT 6000 Milk Analyzer for Determining the Freezing Point of Goat's Milk Under Different Analytical Conditions
Jul 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The aim of this research was to evaluate the MilkoScan FT 6000 (Foss Electric, Hillerød, Denmark) for determining the freezing point (FP) of goat's milk under different analytical conditions. The FP was determined in duplicate in 1,800 milk aliquots obtained from 45 bulk tank ...
Estimation of Storage Time of Yogurt with Artificial Neural Network Modeling
Jul 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Changes in the physical, chemical, and microbiological structure of yogurt determine the storage and shelf life of the product. In this study, microbial counts and pH values of yogurt during storage were determined at d 1, 7, and 14. Simultaneously, image processing of yogurt ...
Characterization of Flavor and Texture Development Within Large (291 kg) Blocks of Cheddar Cheese1
Jul 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Cheddar cheese is a natural product that has a variable flavor and texture profile. Many companies produce 291-kg blocks of Cheddar cheese, which are subsequently cut and shipped, or stored and subsequently cut. Previous research has shown that compositional differences exist ...
Ultrafiltered Milk Reduces Bitterness in Reduced-Fat Cheddar Cheese Made with an Exopolysaccharide-Producing Culture1
Jul 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The objectives were to reduce bitterness in reduced-fat Cheddar cheese made with an exopolysaccharide (EPS)-producing culture and study relationships among ultrafiltration (UF), residual chymosin activity (RCA), and cheese bitterness. In previous studies, EPS-producing cultures ...
A Probiotic, Lactobacillus fermentum ME-3, Has Antioxidative Capacity in Soft Cheese Spreads with Different Fats
Jul 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Our aim was to develop a prototype of a functional spread cheese containing both a specific probiotic and n-3 fatty acids and to analyze the viability of the probiotic and stability of n-3 fatty acids during 4 wk of shelf life. Lactobacillus fermentum ME-3 (Lf ME-3) isolated ...
Effects of Ultraviolet Irradiation on Chemical and Sensory Properties of Goat Milk
Jul 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Sensory and chemical consequences of treating goat milk using an UV fluid processor were assessed. Milk was exposed to UV for a cumulative exposure time of 18 s and targeted UV dose of 15.8 ± 1.6 mJ/cm^sup 2^. A triangle test revealed differences between the odor of raw milk and ...
Influence of Somatic Cell Count and Breed on Capillary Electrophoretic Protein Profiles of Ewes' Milk: A Chemometric Study
Jul 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Bulk tank ewe milk from the Assaf, Castellana, and Churra breeds categorized into 3 somatic cell count (SCC) groups (<500,000; 1,000,000 to 1,500,000; and >2,500,000 cells/mL) was used to investigate changes in chemical composition and capillary electrophoresis protein ...
Prepartum Behavior and Dry Matter Intake Identify Dairy Cows at Risk for Metritis
Jul 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Metritis is a disease of particular concern after calving because of its profound negative effects on the reproductive performance of dairy cows. Cows at risk for metritis have shorter feeding times in the days before calving but prepartum dry matter intake (DMI) and water ...
Thermal Inactivation of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in Milk Using High-Temperature, Short-Time Pasteurization1
Jul 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Previous studies of laboratory simulation of high temperature, short time pasteurization (HTST) to eliminate foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) in milk have shown that the virus is not completely inactivated at the legal pasteurization minimum (71.7°C/15 s) but is inactivated ...
Technical Note: Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Portuguese Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis in Subclinical Bovine Mastitis
Jul 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT To evaluate the antimicrobial resistance traits of staphylococci responsible for subclinical bovine mastitis in Portugal, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 7 antimicrobial agents, frequently administered for mastitis treatment, were determined for 30 Staphylococcus ...
Aflatoxin M^sub 1^ and Ochratoxin A in Raw Bulk Milk from French Dairy Herds
Jul 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Mycotoxins in milk are a public health concern and have to be regularly monitored. A survey on the presence of aflatoxin M^sub 1^ (AFM^sub 1^) and ochratoxin A (OTA) in raw bulk milk was conducted in 2003 in the northwest of France, the main French milk-producing basin. Randomly ...
Effects of Varying Lactation Length on Milk Production Capacity of Cows in Pasture-Based Dairying Systems
Jul 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The aim of this experiment was to quantify the milk production capacity of cows undergoing extended lactations while fed a pasture-based diet typical of those used in the seasonal-calving dairying systems of Victoria, Australia. One hundred twenty-five Holstein cows were ...
Assessment of a Practical Method for Identifying Anovular Dairy Cows Synchronized for First Postpartum Timed Artificial Insemination
Jul 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Our objective was to determine whether a single examination of ovaries using transrectal ultrasonography at the first GnRH injection of a Presynch + Ovsynch protocol is a useful method for assessing cyclicity status and thereby enabling differential management of anovular vs ....
Glucose-Dependent Insulin Response and Milk Production in Heifers Within a Segregating Resource Family Population
Jul 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT An experiment was initiated to evaluate the glucosedependent insulin response in relation to milk production in F^sub 2^ crossbred cattle with respect to secretion type (Holstein) and accretion type (Charolais). For this purpose, F^sub 2^ offspring were generated by mating ...
Incidence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and E. coli Virulence Factors in US Bulk Tank Milk as Determined by Polymerase Chain Reaction1
Jul 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Samples of bulk tank milk from dairies across the United States, taken as part of the National Animal Health Monitoring Dairy 2002 survey, were analyzed for the presence of several genes encoding virulence factors associated with enterohemorrhagic forms of Escherichia coli ...
Minimizing the Level of Butyric Acid Bacteria Spores in Farm Tank Milk
Jul 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT A year-long survey of 24 dairy farms was conducted to determine the effects of farm management on the concentrations of butyric acid bacteria (BAB) spores in farm tank milk (FTM). The results were used to validate a control strategy derived from model simulations. The BAB spore ...
Management Factors Associated with Impaired Locomotion in Dairy Cows in England and Wales
Jul 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Forty-nine farms in England and Wales were visited on 4 occasions between February 2003 and March 2004. A total of 21,693 scores of locomotion were assigned to 7,722 cattle. Locomotion was assessed on a 3-point scale by observing the posture of a cow's back while standing and ...
Minimizing the Level of Bacillus cereus Spores in Farm Tank Milk
Jul 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT In a year-long survey on 24 Dutch farms, Bacillus cereus spore concentrations were measured in farm tank milk (FTM), feces, bedding material, mixed grass and corn silage, and soil from the pasture. The aim of this study was to determine, in practice, factors affecting the ...
Association Between a Visual and an Automated Locomotion Score in Lactating Holstein Cows
Jul 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Two studies were conducted to evaluate visual locomotion scoring (VLS) and Stepmetrix locomotion scoring (SLS) in detecting painful digit lesions. In study 1, one veterinarian performed VLS. Cows with VLS ≥3 were hoof trimmed and the presence or absence of a painful lesion ...
Factors Affecting the Plasmin-Plasminogen System in Milk Obtained from Three Greek Dairy Sheep Breeds with Major Differences in Milk Production Capacity
Jul 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of breed, stage of lactation, and health status of the udder on the plasmin-plasminogen system in ovine milk. A total of 38 ewes were used from 3 breeds [Boutsiko (n = 12), Chios (n = 12), and a synthetic breed (50% Boutsiko, ...
Bovine Intramammary Infections Caused by Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci May Persist Throughout Lactation According to Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism-Based Analysis
Jul 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Persistence of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) in intramammary infections during lactation was studied in a research dairy herd of University of Helsinki. Milk samples from 328 udder quarters of 82 dairy cows (30 primiparous, 52 multiparous) were collected 2 wk before ...
Effects of Genetic Selection for Milk Yield on Somatotropin, Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I, and Placental Lactogen in Holstein Cows1
Jul 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Cows from static, low-merit control (CL) and contemporary, high-merit select (SL) lines that differed in milk yield by more than 4,000 kg/305-d lactation (SL > CL) were used to determine effects of selection for milk yield on blood serum concentrations of somatotropin (ST), ...
Effects of Trans-10, Cis-12 Conjugated Linoleic Acid on Ovine Milk Fat Synthesis and Cheese Properties1
Jul 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) reduces milk fat synthesis in sheep in a manner similar to that seen in dairy cows, but its effects on cheese yield and flavor are unknown. Additionally, when dietary energy supply is restricted, CLA can increase milk and milk ...
Overstocking Reduces Lying Time in Dairy Cows
Jul 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Our objective was to understand the effect of overstocking on the lying and standing behavior of dairy cattle. We manipulated freestall availability by providing 12,11, 10, 9, or 8 freestalls to 12 cows (n = 4 groups, 12 cows/group), thus creating stocking levels of 100, ...
Innate Immune Response to Intramammary Mycoplasma bovis Infection
Jul 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The objective of the current study was to characterize the systemic and local innate immune response of dairy cows to IMI with Mycoplasma bovis, a pathogen of growing concern to the dairy industry. Ten Holstein cows were each infused in 1 quarter with M. bovis and studied for a ...
Dietary Cation-Anion Difference and Dietary Protein Effects on Performance and Acid-Base Status of Dairy Cows in Early Lactation1
Jul 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Our objective was to examine the effects of dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) with different concentrations of dietary crude protein (CP) on performance and acid-base status in early lactation cows. Six lactating Holstein cows averaging 44 d in milk were used in a 6 × 6 ...
Structural Growth, Rumen Development, and Metabolic and Immune Responses of Holstein Male Calves Fed Milk Through Step-Down and Conventional Methods
Jul 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Structural growth, feed consumption, rumen development, metabolic response, and immune response were studied in Holstein calves fed milk through either a conventional method or a step-down (STEP) method. In the conventional method, calves (n = 20) were fed colostrum and then ...
The Effects of Controlled Feeding of a High-Forage or High-Concentrate Ration on Heifer Growth and First-Lactation Milk Production1
Jul 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this experiment was to evaluate growth and first-lactation milk production in dairy heifers fed a high-forage (HF) or high-concentrate (HC) ration for similar levels of average daily gain (ADG) before puberty. Responses in weight and structural gains were ...
Altering Physically Effective Fiber Intake Through Forage Proportion and Particle Length: Digestion and Milk Production1
Jul 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Intake of physically effective neutral detergent fiber (peNDF) of dairy cows was altered by adjusting the proportion of forage in the diet and forage particle length, and effects on nutrient intake, site and extent of digestion, microbial N synthesis, and milk production were ...
Effect of Glucogenic vs. Lipogenic Diets on Energy Balance, Blood Metabolites, and Reproduction in Primiparous and Multiparous Dairy Cows in Early Lactation
Jul 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Increasing the availability of glucogenic nutrients relative to lipogenic nutrients has been hypothesized to decrease the production of milk fat, to improve the energy balance (EB), and to decrease the incidence and severity of metabolic and reproductive disorders in dairy cows ...
Dietary L-Carnitine Affects Periparturient Nutrient Metabolism and Lactation in Multiparous Cows1
Jul 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of dietary L-carnitine supplementation on liver lipid accumulation, hepatic nutrient metabolism, and lactation in multiparous cows during the periparturient period. Cows were assigned to treatments at d -25 relative to ...
Dietary Cation-Anion Difference Effects on Performance and Acid-Base Status of Dairy Cows Postpartum1
Jul 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Our objective was to examine the effect of dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) on performance and acid-base status of cows postpartum. Sixteen Holstein and 8 Jersey multiparous cows were used immediately after calving to compare 2 DCAD [22 or 47 milliequivalents (Na + K - Cl ...
Effects of Dietary Supplements of Folic Acid and Vitamin B12 on Metabolism of Dairy Cows in Early Lactation1
Jul 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The present experiment was undertaken to determine the effects of dietary supplements of folic acid and vitamin B12 given from 3 wk before to 8 wk after calving on lactational performance and metabolism of 24 multiparous Holstein cows assigned to 6 blocks of 4 cows each ...
Prediction of Methane Production from Dairy and Beef Cattle
Jul 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Methane (CH^sub 4^) is one of the major greenhouse gases being targeted for reduction by the Kyoto protocol. The focus of recent research in animal science has thus been to develop or improve existing CH^sub 4^ prediction models to evaluate mitigation strategies to reduce ...
Effects of Chromium Propionate on Response to an Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test in Growing Holstein Heifers1
Jul 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT To test the effect of chromium propionate on glucose utilization in growing dairy heifers, 0, 5, 10, or 15 mg of chromium/d were fed to 20 Holstein heifers of 11 to 14 mo of age, in a replicated Latin square. A 2-wk adaptation period was followed by 4 periods of 2 wk each with a ...
A Genome Scan for Quantitative Trait Locus by Environment Interactions for Production Traits
Jul 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Genotype by environment interactions between milk production traits and production level have often been observed. To increase the power of quantitative trait loci (QTL) detection, QTL by environment interaction was included in QTL analyses for the milk, protein, and fat yields ....
Prenatal Maternal Effects on Body Condition Score, Female Fertility, and Milk Yield of Dairy Cows
Jul 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT In this study, maternal effects were described as age of dam at first and second calving, first-lactation body condition score (BCS) of the dam during gestation, and milk yield of the dam. The impact of these effects on first-lactation daughter BCS, fertility, and test-day milk ...
Genetic Analysis of Calving Difficulty and Stillbirth in Norwegian Red Cows
Jul 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The objectives of this study were to infer genetic parameters for stillbirth (SB) and calving difficulty (CD) and to evaluate phenotypic and genetic change for these traits in the Norwegian Red breed. Stillbirth is recorded as a binary trait and calving difficulty has 3 ...
Molecular Characterization of Bovine CSN1S2*B and Extensive Distribution of Zebu-Specific Milk Protein Alleles in European Cattle
Jul 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The B allele of the bovine α^sub S2^-casein gene (CSN1S2) was characterized at the molecular level and the distribution of zebu-specific milk protein alleles was determined in 26 cattle breeds originating from 3 continents. The CSN1S2*B allele is characterized by a C[arrow ...
Inferring Relationships Between Somatic Cell Score and Milk Yield Using Simultaneous and Recursive Models
Jul 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT A Bayesian analysis via Markov chain Monte Carlo methods extending the simultaneous and recursive model of Gianola and Sorensen (2004) was proposed to account for possible population heterogeneity. The method was used to infer relationships between milk yield and somatic cell ...
The Feeding Value of Extruded Corn Grain in a Corn Silage-Based Ration for High-Producing Holstein Cows and Heifers During Mid Lactation
Jul 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to investigate the feeding value of extruded corn in a corn silage-based ration for high-producing Holstein cows during mid lactation. Sixteen multiparous and 8 primiparous Holstein cows (106 ± 49.7 d in milk; 43.7 ± 5.27 kg of milk/d) were paired ...
Milk, Fat, Protein, Somatic Cell Score, and Days Open Among Holstein, Brown Swiss, and Their Crosses
Jul 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The objectives of this study were to compare Holstein (HO), Brown Swiss (BS), and their crosses for milk, fat, and protein yields, somatic cell score (SCS), days open (DO), and age at first calving (AFC), and to estimate the effects of heterosis and recombination. First through ...
Genetic Diversity and Joint-Pedigree Analysis of Two Importing Holstein Populations
Jul 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Genetic diversity and relatedness between 2 geographically distant Holstein populations (in Luxembourg and Tunisia) were studied by pedigree analysis. These 2 populations have similar sizes and structures and are essentially importing populations. Edited pedigrees included ...
Technical Note: A Simple Salting-Out Method for DNA Extraction from Milk Somatic Cells: Investigation into the Goat CSN1S1 Gene
Jul 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT In this study, a sensitive, rapid, and toxic solvent-free method to extract DNA from milk somatic cells was implemented for characterization of the goat α^sub s1^-casein gene (CSN1S1). Methods reported for purification of DNA from milk often involve organic extraction, ...
Short Communication: Effect of Stearoyl-Coenzyme A Desaturase Polymorphism on Fatty Acid Composition of Milk
Jul 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The effect of the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) gene on milk fatty acid composition was tested. Cows of 3 breeds of northern Italy, Piedmontese, Valdostana, and Jersey, were genotyped at exon 5 of the SCD gene. This has been suggested as a primary candidate gene to change the ...
Influence of Free-Stall Base on Tarsal Joint Lesions and Hygiene in Dairy Cows
Jul 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The objective was to quantify the incidence of tarsal lesions and level of hygiene by stall bed type. Cows were scored on 100 dairies from Wisconsin, Minnesota, Indiana, Iowa, and New York in the fall and winter. Thirty-eight dairies used rubber-filled mattresses (RFM), 27 had ...
Concentrations of 17[beta]-Estradiol in Holstein Whole Milk
Jul 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Some individuals have expressed concern about estrogens in food because of their potential to promote growth of estrogen-sensitive human cancer cells. Researchers have reported concentrations of estrogen in milk but few whole milk samples have been analyzed. Because estrogen ...
Study on Milk-Clotting Mechanism of Rennet-Like Enzyme from Glutinous Rice Wine: Proteolytic Property and the Cleavage Site on [kappa]-Casein
Jul 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Chinese Royal cheese, an ancient and attractive dairy product now in China, is made from milk coagulated with glutinous rice wine. In this paper, it was mainly studied on the proteolytic property toward proteins of bovine milk including caseins (CN) and whey proteins and the ...