Journal of Dairy Science back issues from August 2007:
NEWS AND ANNOUNCEMENTS
Aug 01, 2007; ... ADSA Member News. . . JDS Introduces Open Access Publishing The Journal of Dairy Science(TM) now offers two options for publication of articles: Conventional and Open Access. Under the Conventional option, the charge for publication is $85 per printed page in the journal ...
Letter to the Editor: The Effects of Force-Feeding Sick Dairy Calves: A Comment on Quigley et al. (2006)
Aug 01, 2007; ... In a recent article, Quigley et al. (2006) claim that feeding increased amounts of commercial milk replacer to calves increases the incidence of disease. The aim of this letter is to provide what we consider to be a more accurate interpretation of the data presented. Calves were fed ...
Letter to the Editor: A Response to the Comments of Borderas et al. (2007)
Aug 01, 2007; ... We appreciate the opportunity to respond to the Letter to the Editor by Borderas et al. (2007) in response to our paper published in the Journal of Dairy Science (Quigley et al., 2006). In their letter, the authors offer an alternative interpretation of our data and offer criticisms of our ...
In Vitro Assessment of the Gastrointestinal Transit Tolerance of Taxonomic Reference Strains from Human Origin and Probiotic Product Isolates of Bifidobacterium
Aug 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Next to health promoting effects, the functional aspect of probiotic strains also involves their capacity to reach the colon as viable metabolically active cells. The present study aimed to assess the potential of 24 probiotic product isolates and 42 human reference strains of ...
Short Communication: Quantification of the Transmission of Microorganisms to Milk via Dirt Attached to the Exterior of Teats
Aug 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Pathogens and spoilage microorganisms can be transmitted to milk via dirt (e.g., feces, bedding material, soil, or a combination of these) attached to the exterior of the cows' teats. To determine the relevance of this pathway and to perform quantitative microbial risk analysis ...
Safety Assessment of the Human Milk-Isolated Probiotic Lactobacillus salivarius CECT5713
Aug 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The potential probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus sali- varius CECT5713 has recently been isolated from hu- man milk and characterized. The objective of the pres- ent study was to evaluate the oral toxicity of this poten- tial probiotic bacteria in mice. With this aim, 50 Balb/ C ...
Prevalence of Mycobacterium avium Subspecies paratuberculosis in Swiss Raw Milk Cheeses Collected at the Retail Level
Aug 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT A total of 143 raw milk cheese samples (soft cheese, n = 9; semihard cheese, n = 133; hard cheese, n = 1), collected at the retail level throughout Switzerland, were tested for Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP) by immunomagnetic capture plus culture on 7H10-PANTA ...
Application of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy for Monitoring Short-Chain Free Fatty Acids in Swiss Cheese
Aug 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Short-chain free fatty acids (FFA) are important sources of cheese flavor and have been reported to be indicators for assessing quality. The objective of this research was to develop a simple and rapid screening tool for monitoring the short-chain FFA contents in Swiss cheese by ...
Reduced Fat Process Cheese Made from Young Reduced Fat Cheddar Cheese Manufactured with Exopolysaccharide-Producing Cultures1
Aug 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT In a previous study, exopolysaccharide (EPS)-producing cultures improved textural and functional properties of reduced fat Cheddar cheese. Because base cheese has an impact on the characteristics of process cheese, we hypothesized that the use of EPS-producing cultures in making ...
Infrared Spectroscopy Technique for the Nondestructive Measurement of Fat Content in Milk Powder
Aug 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of the infrared spectroscopy technique for nondestructive measurement of fat content in milk powder. Fat is an important component of milk powder. It is very important to be able to detect the fat content in milk powder ...
Volatile Compounds, Odor, and Aroma of La Serena Cheese High-Pressure Treated at Two Different Stages of Ripening
Aug 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT La Serena cheeses made from raw Merino ewe's milk were high-pressure (HP) treated at 300 or 400 MPa for 10 min on d 2 or 50 after manufacture. Ripening of HP-treated and control cheeses proceeded until d 60 at 8°C. Volatile compounds were determined throughout ripening, and ...
Effect of Softer Flooring in Tie Stalls on Resting Behavior and Leg Injuries of Lactating Cows
Aug 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT To test the advantages of softer flooring in tie stalls, we compared the behavior and injuries of dairy cows housed in tie stalls with either soft rubber mats (n = 12) or concrete flooring (n = 12), both lightly covered with straw. Data were collected for 112 d beginning at 14 ...
Herd Management Practices and Their Association with Bulk Tank Somatic Cell Count on United States Dairy Operations
Aug 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate associations between bulk tank somatic cell count (BTSCC) and herd management practices using data collected in the National Animal Health Monitoring System Dairy 2002 study. Twenty-six percent and 17.8% of 1,013 operations reported a ...
Prepartum 2,4-Thiazolidinedione Alters Metabolic Dynamics and Dry Matter Intake of Dairy Cows
Aug 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Thiazolidinediones (TZD) are potent, synthetic ligands for peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma (PPAE-γ) that reduce plasma nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) and potentiate the action of insulin in peripheral tissues of several species. Holstein cows (n = 9) ...
Sprinklers and Shade Cool Cows and Reduce Insect-Avoidance Behavior in Pasture-Based Dairy Systems
Aug 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The body temperature of dairy cows in pastoral systems during summer reaches a peak during and following the p.m. milking. Shade and sprinklers can be used separately or in combination at the milking parlor to reduce heat load. Farmers anecdotally report that the use of ...
Genetic Diversity of Mastitis-Associated Klebsiella pneumoniae in Dairy Cows
Aug 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The objectives of this study were to determine the level of genetic diversity of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from clinical mastitis cases and to define genotypes most commonly associated with the disease. Individual quarter milk samples were collected from a single privately ...
Comparison of Stress Zones in Finite Element Models of Deformed Bovine Claw Capsules
Aug 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Pathological claw formations occur subsequent to irregular or prolonged claw trimming periods and as a result of improper flooring. Clinical experience and material testing finds horn of minor quality to be associated with the malformations. Finite element models (FEM) of a flat ...
Economic and Phosphorus-Related Effects of Precision Feeding and Forage Management at a Farm Scale
Aug 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Structural best management practices were implemented throughout the Cannonsville Reservoir Watershed (CRW) in an effort to reduce P losses to the reservoir. Yet long-term water quality control efforts within CRW are hindered by continuous P build-up in the soils resulting from ...
Dairy Cow Preferences for Soft or Hard Flooring when Standing or Walking
Aug 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Concrete is the most commonly used alley flooring in confined dairy herds because of its qualities of construction and ease of cleaning. Nevertheless, the hardness, abrasiveness, and slipperiness of concrete floors have adverse effects on animal well-being and health, and ...
The Use of Nicotinic Acid to Induce Sustained Low Plasma Nonesterified Fatty Acids in Feed-Restricted Holstein Cows
Aug 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The objectives were to determine the effects of nicotinic acid (NA) on blood metabolites (experiment 1) and whether successive doses of NA could induce sustained reductions of plasma nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA; experiment 2) in feed-restricted, nonlactating Holstein cows ....
Somatic Cell Count During and Between Milkings
Aug 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The objectives of the study were to determine 1) how sampling time between milkings affects the sensitivity and specificity of somatic cell count (SCC) as an indicator for intramammary infection (IMI) status, and 2) which cells are responsible for the diurnal variation in SCC ....
Effect of Estrogen on Leptin and Expression of Leptin Receptor Transcripts in Prepubertal Dairy Heifers
Aug 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Plasma leptin concentrations increase as growing dairy heifers approach puberty and have greater plasma estrogen. In intact and ovariectomized rodents, estrogen has been shown to modulate expression of leptin and its receptor (Ob-R). To determine if estrogen regulates the bovine ...
Mammogenesis and Induced Lactation With or Without Reserpine in Nulliparous Dairy Goats
Aug 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Nulliparous goats were used to evaluate the effects of a standard protocol for inducing lactation with or without using a prolactin-releasing agent (reserpine). Estrus was synchronized and goats were submitted to daily s.c. injections of estradiol-17β and progesterone (0.5 ...
Treatment of Acute Puerperal Metritis with Flunixin Meglumine in Addition to Antibiotic Treatment
Aug 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this field trial was to evaluate effects of a single administration of 2.2 mg/kg of body weight (BW) of flunixin meglumine (FM) in addition to a systemic antibiotic treatment in cows with acute puerperal metritis (APM). Outcome variables tested were proportion ...
Cow, Farm, and Management Factors During the Dry Period that Determine the Rate of Clinical Mastitis After Calving
Aug 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The purpose of the research was to investigate cow characteristics, farm facilities, and herd management strategies during the dry period to examine their joint influence on the rate of clinical mastitis after calving. Data were collected over a 2-yr period from 52 commercial ...
Evaluating the Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Trans 18:1 Isomers in Milk Fat of Dairy Cows Fed Increasing Amounts of Sunflower Oil and a Constant Level of Fish Oil
Aug 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The objective was to evaluate different levels of sunflower oil (SFO) in dairy rations to increase vaccenic (trans-11-18:1) and rumenic acids (cis-9,trans-11-18:2) in milk fat, and assess the content and composition of other trans-octadecenoic (trans-18:1) and conjugated ...
Relationships Among Body Condition Score, Body Weight, and Milk Production Variables in Pasture-Based Dairy Cows
Aug 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The objective of the present study was to identify and quantify relationships among dairy cow body condition score (BCS) and body weight (BW) and production variables in pasture-based, seasonal-calving herds. More than 2,500 lactation records from 897 spring-calving ...
A Redefinition of the Representation of Mammary Cells and Enzyme Activities in a Lactating Dairy Cow Model
Aug 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The Molly model predicts various aspects of digestion and metabolism in the cow, including nutrient partitioning between milk and body stores. It has been observed previously that the model underpredicts milk component yield responses to nutrition and consequently overpredicts ...
Use of Flavored Drinking Water in Calves and Lactating Dairy Cattle
Aug 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Experiments were conducted to investigate the use of added flavor in drinking water of Holstein calves and lactating dairy cattle to determine effects on dry feed intake. Nine calves were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design, and water offered was unflavored or ...
Depression in Feed Intake by a Highly Fermentable Diet Is Related to Plasma Insulin Concentration and Insulin Response to Glucose Infusion1
Aug 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The effects of dietary starch fermentability on feed intake and nutrient digestibility were evaluated in a crossover study, which was also designed to find factors that predict individual variation in feed intake response to starch fermentability. Thirty-two multiparous Holstein ...
Effects of Peripartum Propylene Glycol or Fats Differing in Fatty Acid Profiles on Feed Intake, Production, and Plasma Metabolites in Dairy Cows
Aug 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Dry multiparous cows were used to investigate the effects on intake, production, and metabolism of either a supplement containing 55% dry propylene glycol (PGLY), a prilled fat supplement (PrFA) containing a low proportion of unsaturated fatty acids (FA), or calcium soaps of FA ...
Passive Transfer of Immunoglobulin G and Preweaning Health in Holstein Calves Fed a Commercial Colostrum Replacer
Aug 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to describe passive transfer of IgG and preweaning health in newborn calves fed a commercially available plasma-derived colostrum replacement (CR) product or maternal colostrum (MC). Twelve commercial Holstein dairy farms enrolled singleton ...
Effects of Feedborne Fusarium Mycotoxins on the Performance, Metabolism, and Immunity of Dairy Cows
Aug 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Little is known about the effects of feedborne Fusarium mycotoxins on the performance, metabolism, and immunity of dairy cattle. A total mixed ration (TMR) containing a blend of feedstuffs naturally contaminated with Fusarium mycotoxins was fed for 56 d to 18 midlactation ...
Effects of Fatty Acid Oxidation Products (Green Odor) on Rumen Bacterial Populations and Lipid Metabolism In Vitro
Aug 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT This study investigated the effects of green odor fatty acid oxidation products (FAOP) from cut grass on lipid metabolism and microbial ecology using in vitro incubations of rumen microorganisms. These compounds have antimicrobial roles in plant defense, and we hypothesized that ...
Environmental Sensitivity of Milk Production in Extensive Environments: A Comparison of Simmental, Brown Swiss, and Tyrol Grey Using Random Regression Models
Aug 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT A total of 25,160 milk test-day records from 2,516 cows in first lactation of 3 dairy cattle breeds [Simmental (n = 1,900), Brown Swiss (n = 444), and Tyrol Grey (n = 172)] in Kosovo were analyzed using nested repeatability and random regression test-day models with varying ...
Genotype by Environment Interaction for Production Traits While Accounting for Heteroscedasticity
Aug 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Grazing (G) provides an alternative management sys- tem for dairy production. Heteroscedasticity (HV) of the data may bias estimates of genetic correlations of yield traits between environments, an indicator of genotype- by-environment interaction (G×E). The objective of this ...
Heterogeneity of Genetic Parameters for Calving Difficulty in Holstein Heifers in Ireland
Aug 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Calving difficulty is a trait that greatly affects animal welfare, herd profitability, and the amount of labor required by cattle farmers. It is influenced by direct and maternal genetic components. Selection and breeding strategies can optimize the accuracy of genetic ...
Metabolic Regulation in Danish Bull Calves and the Relationship to the Fertility of Their Female Offspring
Aug 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to estimate the genetic variation of free fatty acids (FFA), glucose, growth hormone (GH), and insulin in juvenile male dairy calves and to assess the relationships, if present, with the fertility of their female offspring. This study used data ...
Modeling Extended Lactations of Holsteins
Aug 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Modeling extended lactations for the US Holsteins is useful because a majority (>55%) of the cows in the present population produce lactations longer than 305 d. In this study, 9 empirical and mechanistic models were compared for their suitability for modeling 305-d and 999-d ...
Consistency of Maturity Rate for Milk Yield Across Countries and Generations
Aug 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Differences among bulls in maturity rate of their daughters for milk yield were investigated. Milk records for US Holsteins with first-parity calving dates between 1960 and 1998 were used to calculate 3 evaluations for bulls based on daughter records from parity 1, parities 1 ...
Genetic Analysis of Traits Affecting the Success of Embryo Transfer in Dairy Cattle
Aug 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The primary aim of this study was to estimate variance components for traits related to embryo transfer (ET) by applying generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) for different distributions of traits (normal, binomial, and Poisson) in a synergistic context. Synergistic models were ...
Short Communication: Composition of Milk Protein and Milk Fatty Acids Is Stable for Cows Differing in Genetic Merit for Milk Production1
Aug 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Changing the composition of milk protein and of milk fatty acids alters nutritional and physical properties of dairy products and their consumer appeal. Genetic selection for milk yield decreases concentrations of milk protein and of milk fat. Little is known, however, about how ...
Organic Dairy Production Systems in Pennsylvania: A Case Study Evaluation
Aug 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The current market demand and price for organic milk is encouraging dairy producers, particularly those on smaller farms, to consider organic production as a means for improving the economic viability of their operations. Organic production systems vary widely in scale, in ...
Efficacy of Nisin in Treatment of Clinical Mastitis in Lactating Dairy Cows
Aug 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Nisin is an antimicrobial polypeptide produced by Lactococcus lactis and is believed nontoxic to humans. The objective of this study was to evaluate a nisin-based formulation for the treatment of bovine clinical mastitis in lactating dairy cattle. A total of 92 cows with 107 ...
Milk Coagulation Ability of Five Dairy Cattle Breeds
Aug 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Samples of herd milk (506) were analyzed to assess sources of variation for milk coagulation properties (MCP) for 5 different dairy cattle breeds. Data were recorded in 55 single-breed dairy herds in the Trento province, a mountain area in northeast Italy. The 5 cattle breeds ...
A Comparison of Three Strains of Holstein-Friesian Cows Grazed on Pasture: Growth, Development, and Puberty
Aug 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT With the introduction of a protein milk payment system in New Zealand in 1988, there was an influx of North American (NA) Holstein-Friesian (HF) genetics into New Zealand (NZ) dairy herds, leading to an increase in the average percentage of NA genetics in NZ HF cows- from 2% in ...
Erratum
Aug 01, 2007; ... Effect of an Intramammary Teat Seal and Dry Cow Antibiotic in Relation to Dry Period Length on Postpartum Mastitis E. A. Berry and J. E. Hillerton J. Dairy Sci. 90:760-765 On page 761, the final paragraph under Statistical Analysis states "Quarter interdependence ...
Supplementation of RRR-[alpha]-Tocopheryl Acetate to Periparturient Dairy Cows in Commercial Herds with High Mastitis Incidence
Aug 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Dietary vitamin E supplementation of dairy cows around calving has been associated with improved udder health. However, few studies have been performed in Europe and in commercial dairy herds. Therefore, the main aim of the study was to evaluate whether extra daily dietary ...
Lactose Crystallization Delay in Model Infant Foods Made With Lactose, [beta]-Lactoglobulin, and Starch
Aug 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Handling and storage alter infant food powders due to lactose crystallization and interactions among components. Model infant foods were prepared by colyophilization of lactose, β-lactoglobulin (β-LG), and gelatinized starch. A mixture design was used to define the ...