Journal of Dairy Science back issues from September 2007:
Galactose Metabolism and Capsule Formation in a Recombinant Strain of Streptococcus thermophilus with a Galactose-Fermenting Phenotype
Sep 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The capsule-producing, galactose-negative Streptococcus thermophilus MR-1C strain was first transformed with a low-copy plasmid containing a functional galK gene from Streptococcus salivarius to generate a recombinant galactose-fermenting Strep, thermophilus strain named MR-AAC ....
Invited Review: New Perspectives on the Roles of Nutrition and Metabolic Priorities in the Subfertility of High-Producing Dairy Cows1
Sep 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Management, nutrition, production, and genetics are the main reasons for the decline in fertility in the modern dairy cow. Selection for the single trait of milk production with little consideration for traits associated with reproduction in the modern dairy cow has produced an ...
Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Heated Whey: Iron-Binding Ability of Peptides and Antigenic Protein Fractions
Sep 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT This study evaluated the influence of various enzymes on the hydrolysis of whey protein concentrate (WPC) to reduce its antigenic fractions and to quantify the peptides having iron-binding ability in its hydrolysates. Heated (for 10 min at 100°C) WPC (2% protein solution) was ...
Peptic and Tryptic Hydrolysis of Native and Heated Whey Protein to Reduce Its Antigenicity
Sep 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT This study examined the effects of enzymes on the production and antigenicity of native and heated whey protein concentrate (WPC) hydrolysates. Native and heated (10 min at 100°C) WPC (2% protein solution) were incubated at 50°C for 30, 60, 90, and 120 min with 0. 1, 0.5, and 1% ...
Invited Review: Advances in Starter Cultures and Cultured Foods1
Sep 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT With 2005 retail sales close to $4.8 million, cultured dairy products are driving the growth of dairy foods consumption. Starter cultures are of great industrial significance in that they play a vital role in the manufacturing, flavor, and texture development of fermented dairy ...
NEWS AND ANNOUNCEMENTS
Sep 01, 2007; ... ADSA Member News. . . JDS Introduces Open Access Publishing The Journal of Dairy Science(TM) now offers two options for publication of articles: Conventional and Open Access. Under the Conventional option, the charge for publication is $85 per printed page in the journal ...
Preliminary Study of Ultrasonic Structural Quality Control of Swiss-Type Cheese
Sep 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT There is demand for a new nondestructive cheese-structure analysis method for Swiss-type cheese. Such a method would provide the cheese-making industry the means to enhance process control and quality assurance. This paper presents a feasibility study on ultrasonic monitoring of ...
Rapid and Effective Method for Separation of Staphylococcus aureus from Somatic Cells in Mastitis Milk
Sep 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Quantitative PCR can be an effective method for identifying the bacteria causing mastitis. However, PCR detection is hampered by the presence of inflammatory somatic cells. To eliminate this problem, we attempted to establish methods that allow the effective separation of ...
A Survey of Bovine Colostrum Composition and Colostrum Management Practices on Pennsylvania Dairy Farms1
Sep 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Colostrum composition and management were surveyed via sample and data collection from 55 dairy farms in Pennsylvania. Colostrum samples were analyzed for fat, protein, lactose, total solids, ash, Ig, lactoferrin, water- and fat-soluble vitamins, and minerals. Mean percentages ...
Quantitative Measurement of Tetrahydromenaquinone-9 in Cheese Fermented by Propionibacteria
Sep 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Propionibacteria produce tetrahydromenaquinone-9 [MK-9 (4H)] as a major menaquinone (vitamin K^sub 2^). This study aimed to determine the MK-9 (4H) concentration in commercial propionibacteria-fermented cheese. The MK-9 (4H) concentration was quantified using an HPLC instrument ...
Use of Human Lysozyme Transgenic Goat Milk in Cheese Making: Effects on Lactic Acid Bacteria Performance
Sep 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Genetically engineered goats expressing elevated levels of the antimicrobial enzyme lysozyme in their milk were developed to improve udder health, product shelf life, and consumer well-being. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of lysozyme on the development of ...
Increasing Selenium Concentration in Milk: Effects of Amount of Selenium from Yeast and Cereal Grain Supplements
Sep 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Two experiments were conducted to establish responses in milk Se concentrations in grazing dairy cows to different amounts of dietary Se yeast, and to determine the effects of the Se concentration of the basal diet. The hypothesis tested was that the response in milk, blood, and ...
Short Communication: Comparison of Bulk Milk, Yield-Corrected, and Average Somatic Cell Counts as Parameters to Summarize the Subclinical Mastitis Situation in a Dairy Herd
Sep 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT In this study, the correlation was determined between the prevalence of high cow-level somatic cell count (SCC >250,000 cells/mL), a summary of the subclinical mastitis situation in a dairy herd, and 3 average herd SCC parameters: bulk milk SCC (BMSCC), yield-corrected ...
Effect of Supplementation with Calcium Salts of Fish Oil on n-3 Fatty Acids in Milk Fat1
Sep 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Enrichment of milk fat with n-3 fatty acids, in particular eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), may be advantageous because of their beneficial effects on human health. In addition, these fatty acids play an important role in reproductive processes in ...
Epidemiology of Mastitis in Pasture-Grazed Peripartum Dairy Heifers and Its Effects on Productivity
Sep 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT An observational field study was conducted on 708 heifers in 30 spring-calving dairy herds in the Waikato region of New Zealand. The aim of the study was to describe patterns and effects of intramammary infection (IMI) and clinical mastitis (CM) in the peripartum period. Mammary ...
Risk Factors for Peripartum Mastitis in Pasture-Grazed Dairy Heifers
Sep 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT A longitudinal observational field study was conducted using 708 heifers in 30 spring-calving dairy herds in the Waikato region of New Zealand. The aim of the study was to investigate risk factors for subclinical and clinical mastitis (CM) in the peripartum period using path ...
Behavior of Dairy Cows in an Alternative Bedded-Pack Housing System
Sep 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The objectives of this study were to measure lying behavior and social interactions of lactating cows housed in an alternative bedded-pack system, commonly referred to as a compost dairy barn, and to investigate the association between the temperature-humidity index and lying ...
Effect of Isoflupredone Acetate With or Without Insulin on Energy Metabolism, Reproduction, Milk Production, and Health in Dairy Cows in Early Lactation
Sep 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Glucocorticoids are commonly used to treat cows with clinical ketosis and fatty liver disease, but their use is controversial. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the effects of isoflupredone acetate alone or with insulin on the energy metabolism of dairy ...
Effect of Herd Characteristics, Management Practices, and Season on Different Categories of the Herd Somatic Cell Count
Sep 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT In this study, the contribution of management practices, herd characteristics, and seasonal variables to the herd somatic cell count (SCC) was quantified in herds with low (<150,000 cells/mL), medium (150,000-200,000 cells/mL), and high (>200,000 cells/mL) herd SCC (HSCC) ....
Extraction and Quantitative Analysis of Stearoyl-Coenzyme A Desaturase mRNA from Dairy Cow Milk Somatic Cells
Sep 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Study of stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase (SCD) gene expression in the bovine mammary gland is limited by restricted availability of mammary tissue samples from biopsy or postmortem sampling of cows during temporal experiments. A technique was developed to isolate total RNA from ...
Body Condition Score and Body Weight Effects on Dystocia and Stillbirths and Consequent Effects on Postcalving Performance
Sep 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to quantify the effect of periparturient body condition score (BCS) and body weight (BW) related traits on the incidence of calving dystocia and stillbirths, and to determine any consequent effect of dystocia and stillbirthe on BCS, BW, milk ...
Reducing the Interval from Presynchronization to Initiation of Timed Artificial Insemination Improves Fertility in Dairy Cows
Sep 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The objective was to determine if reducing the interval from presynchronization to the first GnRH injection (G1) of a timed artificial insemination (AI) protocol improves pregnancy per AI. One thousand two hundred fourteen Holstein cows, at 37 ± 3 d in milk (DIM), were ...
Pharmacokinetics and Milk Penetration of Orbifloxacin After Intravenous, Subcutaneous, and Intramuscular Administration to Lactating Goats
Sep 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The single-dose disposition kinetics of orbifloxacin were determined in clinically normal lactating goats (n = 6) after intravenous, subcutaneous, and intramuscular administration of 2.5 mg of orbifloxacin/kg of body weight. Orbifloxacin concentrations were determined by HPLC ...
In Vitro Growth of Enterococci of Bovine Origin in Bovine Mammary Secretions from Various Stages of Lactation1
Sep 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT In vitro growth responses of Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis were tested in cell-free, fatfree bovine mammary secretions. Mammary secretions were collected during the dry period, and during early, late, and extended lactation. Sixty-three enterococcal isolates ...
Effects of a Concentrated Lidocaine Solution on the Acute Phase Stress Response to Dehorning in Dairy Calves
Sep 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to more fully define the surgical stress response to dehorning by heat cauterization in dairy calves by measuring behavioral, hormonal, inflammatory, and immunological markers of stress and to determine whether a nerve block of the surgical site ...
Evaluation of Methods of Resynchronization for Insemination in Cows of Unknown Pregnancy Status
Sep 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of 3 methods of resynchronization of estrus and ovulation for lactating dairy cows of unknown pregnancy status on conception rate and time to pregnancy. Holstein cows (n = 495) were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments: ...
Comparison of Two Management Strategies for Retained Fetal Membranes on Small Dairy Farms in Germany
Sep 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to compare 2 strategies for the management of dairy cows having retained fetal membranes (RFM) with regard to clinical traits, milk yield, and reproductive performance. In contrast to recent studies evaluating optimal strategies for the management ...
Comparison of J5 Vaccinates and Controls for Incidence, Etiologic Agent, Clinical Severity, and Survival in the Herd Following Naturally Occurring Cases of Clinical Mastitis
Sep 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Holstein dairy cattle in 3 commercial herds were randomly allocated to J5 vaccination (n = 251) or untreated control (n = 306) groups. There were 221 new cases of clinical mastitis (CM) affecting 120 cows. Coliform mastitis cases had a higher percentage of severe quarter ...
Hepatocyte Growth Factor Exerts Multiple Biological Functions on Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells
Sep 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The met proto-oncogene product Met is a member of the family of tyrosine kinase growth factor receptors, and hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) has been identified as its only ligand. Bovine Met and HGF/SF have been recently cloned and their expression has been ...
Early In Vitro Fertilization Improves Development of Bovine Ova Heat Stressed During In Vitro Maturation
Sep 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The objectives were to examine the development of embryos derived from control (38.5°C) or heat-stressed ova [41.0°C during the first 12 h of in vitro maturation (hIVM)] when in vitro fertilization (IVF) was performed at 16, 18, 20, 24, or 30 hIVM. Effects of heat stress in ...
Effects of Pasture Feeding During the Periparturient Period on Postpartum Anovulation in Grazed Dairy Cows1
Sep 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Extended postpartum anovulatory intervals (PPAI) are a major contributor to infertility in seasonal dairy systems constrained to 365-d calving intervals. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of pasture-based dietary energy intakes during the transitional calving ...
Short Communication: Effect of Increasing Levels of Corn Bran on Milk Yield and Composition1
Sep 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Thirty-nine lactating Holstein cows (23 multiparous and 16 primiparous) were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 dietary treatments in a crossover design. Dietary treatments differed by the proportion of corn bran [10, 17.5, and 25% dry matter (DM); designated as low, medium, and high] ...
Comparison of Functional Aspects in Two Automatic Milking Systems and Auto-Tandem Milking Parlors
Sep 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Milk yield, milking frequency, intermilking interval, teat-cup attachment success rate, and length of the milking procedure are important functional aspects of automatic milking systems (AMS). In this study, these variables were compared for 2 different models of AMS (AMS-1, ...
Evaluation of the Mechanism of Action of Conjugated Linoleic Acid Isomers on Reproduction in Dairy Cows1
Sep 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the mechanism of action through which conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) beneficially affects reproduction. Lactating Holstein cows (n = 45, 20 ± 1 DIM) were assigned to 1 of 3 treatments: 70 g/d of Ca salts of tallow (control); 63 g/d of ...
Texture of Low-Fat Iranian White Cheese as Influenced by Gum Tragacanth as a Fat Replacer
Sep 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The effect of different concentrations of gum tragacanth on the textural characteristics of low-fat Iranian White cheese was studied during ripening. A batch of full-fat and 5 batches of low-fat Iranian White cheeses with different gum tragacanth concentrations (without gum or ...
Comparison of Feeding Management and Body Condition of Dairy Cows in Herds with Low and High Mastitis Rates
Sep 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Feeding practices, ration composition, and body condition scores (BCS) were assessed in an observational case-contrast study of Norwegian dairy herds with low (n = 98) and high (n = 94) mastitis infection rates. Differences between the 2 groups of herds were associated with ...
Effect of Glutamine Supplementation on Splanchnic Metabolism in Lactating Dairy Cows
Sep 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The suggestion that glutamine (Gln) might become conditionally essential postpartum in dairy cows has been examined through increased postruminal supply of Gln. Net nutrient flux through the splanchnic tissues and mammary gland was measured in 7 multiparous Holstein cows ...
Manure Nutrient Excretion by Lactating Cows Fed Exogenous Phytase and Cellulase
Sep 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The effect of an exogenous phytase and cellulase-containing enzyme formulation on nutrient digestibility and excretion was evaluated in 24 Holstein cows. Cows were fed corn silage- and alfalfa silage-based diets with or without a cellulase-phytase blend for 31 d in a continuous ...
Effect of Milk Allowance on Concentrate Intake, Ruminal Environment, and Ruminal Development in Milk-Fed Holstein Calves
Sep 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The aim of the present experiment was to test the hypothesis that a barley-based concentrate would induce an acidic ruminal environment in young calves and that increased milk allowance would alleviate this condition. Eight Holstein calves ruminally cannulated at d 7 ± 1 of age ...
A Milk Diet Partly Containing Soy Protein Does Not Change Growth but Regulates Jejunal Proteins in Young Goats1
Sep 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Soy protein is known to alter intestinal function and structure. We determined in young goats whether a diet partly containing soy protein differently affects intestinal morphology and the jejunal and hepatic proteome as compared with a milk diet. Fourteen male 2-wk-old White ...
Effects of Feeding Oxidized Fat With or Without Dietary Antioxidants on Nutrient Digestibility, Microbial Nitrogen, and Fatty Acid Metabolism
Sep 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT A dual-effluent continuous culture system was used to investigate, in a 2 × 2 factorial design, the effect of feeding a fresh (FF) or oxidized (OF) blend of unsaturated fats (33% fish oil, 33% corn oil, 26% soybean oil, and 7% inedible tallow) when supplemented with a blend of ...
Inbreeding Effects on Milk Production, Calving Performance, Fertility, and Conformation in Irish Holstein-Friesians
Sep 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine the effect of inbreeding on milk production, somatic cell count, fertility, survival, calving performance, and cow conformation in Irish Holstein-Friesian pluriparous dairy cows. Inbreeding was included in a linear mixed model as ...
Technical Note: Bovine Oviduct and Endometrium Array Version 1: A Tailored Tool for Studying Bovine Endometrium Biology and Pathophysiology1
Sep 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Fertility problems are the main reason for slaughter of high-performance milk cows, because elongated calving intervals result in financial losses for the farmer and retard genetic progress. Genetic improvement of fertility would be of great benefit, but functional traits for ...
Estimation of Heritability and Genetic Correlations for the Major Fatty Acids in Bovine Milk
Sep 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The current cattle selection program for dairy cattle in the Walloon region of Belgium does not consider the relative content of the different fatty acids (FA) in milk. However, interest by the local dairy industry in differentiated milk products is increasing. Therefore, ...
Phenotypic Relationships of Common Health Disorders in Dairy Cows to Lactation Persistency Estimated from Daily Milk Weights
Sep 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to investigate the phenotypic relationship between common health disorders in dairy cows and lactation persistency, uncorrelated with 305-d yield. The relationships with peak yield and days in milk (DIM) at peak were also studied. Daily milk ...
Genetic Variability of Lactoferrin Content Estimated by Mid-Infrared Spectrometry in Bovine Milk
Sep 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The effects of lactoferrin (LF) on the immune system have already been shown by many studies. Unfortunately, the current methods used to measure LF levels in milk do not permit the study of the genetic variability of lactoferrin or the performance of routine genetic evaluations ....
Impact of Calving Ease on Functional Longevity and Herd Amortization Costs in Basque Holsteins Using Survival Analysis
Sep 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of calving ease (CE) on functional longevity of Basque Holsteins, using a Weibull proportional hazards model. The data considered for the analysis were 53,353 calving records from 25,810 Holstein cows distributed across 781 herds ...
Effects of Patterns of Suboptimal pH on Rumen Fermentation in a Dual-Flow Continuous Culture System
Sep 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Low ruminal pH affects rumen fermentation, with the effects being larger as the time at suboptimal pH increases. Eight 1,325-mL dual-flow continuous culture fermenters were used to examine the hypothesis that the negative effects of a single cycle of 12 h (experiment 1) or 8 h ...
Effects of Rumen or Duodenal Glucose Infusions on Intake in Dairy Cows Fed Fresh Perennial Ryegrass Indoors
Sep 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to determine whether the intake of fresh highly digestible ryegrass could be limitedited by the total amount of energy absorbed. Moreover, it investigated whether the limitation was more specific to energy absorbed as volatile fatty acids in the rumen ...
Motivation of Dairy Farmers to Improve Mastitis Management
Sep 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The aims of this study were 1) to explore different motivating factors and to quantify their importance in decisions of farmers on improving mastitis management, 2) to evaluate different quality payment schemes as extra incentive mechanisms for farmers, and 3) to link the ...
Stearoyl-Coenzyme A Desaturase Gene Polymorphism and Milk Fatty Acid Composition in Italian Holsteins
Sep 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Milk fatty acid composition is a parameter of great interest for evaluation of nutritional quality of milk. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) is a key enzyme in mammary lipid metabolism because it is able to add a double bond in the cis Δ^sup 9^-position in a large spectrum of ...
Detection of Low Frequency External Electronic Identification Devices Using Commercial Panel Readers
Sep 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The ability of a commercially available panel reader system to read International Standards Organization-compliant electronic identification devices under commercial dairy conditions was examined. Full duplex (FDX-B) and half-duplex (HDX) low frequency radio-frequency ...
Errata
Sep 01, 2007; ... The Use of Nicotinic Acid to Induce Sustained Low Plasma Nonesterified Fatty Acids in Feed-Restricted Holstein Cows J. A. A. Pires and R. R. Grummer J. Dairy Sci. 90:3725-3732 doi:10.3168/jds.2006-904 There is an imprecision in the conclusions section of this ...
Bovine [kappa]-Casein Gene Promoter Haplotypes with Potential Implications for Milk Protein Expression
Sep 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Genetic analysis of the κ-casein gene (CSN3) promoter regions of 42 cattle representing 9 different breeds revealed that 2 distinct haplotypes (A and B) exist at this locus, differing from each other by single base changes at positions -514 (T/G), -426 (T/C), and -384 ...
Results and Evaluation of Thirty Years of Health Recordings in the Norwegian Dairy Cattle Population
Sep 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The results are based on the Norwegian Cattle Health Recording System, which has been in place for the entire country since 1975. The dairy breeds in Norway consist of 94% Norwegian Red and 4% crossbreeds with Norwegian Red. No other breed consists of more than 0.5% of the total ...
Describing the Body Condition Score Change Between Successive Calvings: A Novel Strategy Generalizable to Diverse Cohorts
Sep 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to explore the derivation of a mathematical model that adequately describes the intercalving body condition score (BCS) profile in dairy cows and is robust and applicable to different animal cohorts. The data used to generate the function were ...