Journal of Dairy Science back issues from November 2007:
NEWS AND ANNOUNCEMENTS
Nov 01, 2007; ... ADSA Member News ... Council of Science Editors Theme Issue on Global Poverty and Human Development The Council of Science Editors (www.councilscience editors.org/) is organizing a Global Theme Issue on Poverty and Human Development for release on October 22, 2007. More than 220 ...
Invited Editorial: The Importance of Dairy Foods in Helping Impoverished People in the United States1
Nov 01, 2007; ... INTRODUCTION Poverty is a persistent problem in the United States and worldwide. In 2005, approximately 50 million people, or roughly 17% of the population, lived on less income than 125% of the federal poverty level in the United States (US Census Bureau; http://www.census.gov) ....
Letter to the Editor: Pelleted Calf Starter with Straw Access Can Confound Results: A Comment on Bach et al. (2007)
Nov 01, 2007; ... Field application of the report by Bach et al. (2007) should be done with caution based on a key condition. In the Materials and Methods section, the statement that "Calves were not offered any roughage (although it is likely that they consumed some straw from bedding)" could explain why calves ...
Invited Review: Sensory Analysis of Dairy Foods
Nov 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Sensory quality is the ultimate measure of product quality and success. Sensory analysis comprises a variety of powerful and sensitive tools to measure human responses to foods and other products. Selection of the appropriate test, test conditions, and data analysis result in ...
Hot Topic: Black Spot Defect in Cheddar Cheese Linked to Intramammary Teat Sealant
Nov 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to characterize a novel appearance defect found in Cheddar cheese, heretofore referred to as black spot defect (BSD), and to determine an etiology. Uniformly distributed throughout the cheese mass, BSD appears as small spherical black spots from ...
Chemical Properties and Consumer Perception of Fluid Milk from Conventional and Pasture-Based Production Systems
Nov 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The continued popularity of organic and natural foods has generated interest in organic milk, and use of pasture for dairy cattle is a requirement for organic production. This process may improve the health benefits of fluid milk via increases in the unsaturated fatty acid ...
Profile of Gelatinolytic Capacity of Raw Goat Milk and the Implications for Milk Quality
Nov 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Both endogenous and exogenous proteinases occur in milk, and they can have beneficial or detrimental effects on dairy production. Because the lactation length of dairy goats is shorter and the somatic cell count (SCC) of goat milk is generally greater compared with dairy cows, ...
Sensory and Mass Spectrometric Analysis of the Peptidic Fraction Lower Than One Thousand Daltons in Manchego Cheese
Nov 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT A total of 107 different peptides, all derived from α^sub s1^-, α^sub s2^-, and β-casein, were identified in different fractions of artisan or industrial Manchego cheese at 4 and 8 mo of ripening, and their sequences were examined. Most of these peptides are ...
Preferences for Commercial Strawberry Drinkable Yogurts Among African American, Caucasian, and Hispanic Consumers in the United States
Nov 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The drinkable yogurt marketplace is a competitive and growing category in the dairy industry. Understanding sensory differences is critical for understanding the product, and ultimately, consumer preference. The objective of this study was to identify and define the sensory ...
Utilization of Microfiltration or Lactoperoxidase System or Both for Manufacture of Cheddar Cheese from Raw Milk1
Nov 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The objective of the present study was to determine if application of microfiltration (MF) or raw milk lactoperoxidase system (LP) could reduce the risk of foodborne illness from Escherichia coli in raw milk cheeses, without adversely affecting the overall sensory acceptability ...
Short Communication: Identification of the Aroma Compounds Responsible for the Floral/Rose Flavor in Water-Soluble Fractions of Manchego Cheese
Nov 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Water-soluble fractions from Protected Denomination of Origin Manchego cheese, with molecular weight <1,000 Da, were fractionated using gel permeation chromatography and studied using both instrumental and sensorial analysis. In 2 of the fractions, panelists detected a ...
Pepsin-Induced Changes in the Size and Molecular Weight Distribution of Bovine Casein During Enzymatic Hydrolysis
Nov 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Bovine casein was digested with pepsin at pH 2.0 in a batch-stirred tank reactor. To investigate the effect of peptic digestion on the aggregate size and molecular weight distribution of bovine casein, the resulting hydrolysates were examined by size-exclusion chromatography ...
Changes in Physical Properties of Bovine Milk from the Colostrum Period to Early Lactation
Nov 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to analyze individual cows' samples from the colostrum, postcolostrum, and early lactation periods to investigate how milk composition, physical properties, stability, and suitability for processing change throughout this period. Attention was paid to ...
Functional Properties of Butter Oil Made from Bovine Milk with Experimentally Altered Fat Composition1
Nov 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Modification of milk fat composition might be desirable to alter manufacturing characteristics or produce low saturated fat dairy products that more closely meet consumer dietary preferences. The aim of this research was to evaluate functional properties of butter oil obtained ...
Ammonia Production and Its Possible Role as a Mediator of Communication for Debaryomyces hansenii and Other Cheese-Relevant Yeast Species
Nov 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Ammonia production by yeasts may contribute to an increase in pH during the ripening of surface-ripened cheeses. The increase in pH has a stimulatory effect on the growth of secondary bacterial flora. Ammonia production of single colonies of Debaryomyces hansenii, Saccharomyces ...
Optimal Timing and Duration of Unilateral Frequent Milking During Early Lactation of Dairy Cows
Nov 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Increased milking frequency during early lactation can elicit immediate and persistent increases in milk yield; however, the timing and duration of frequent milking have not been optimized. Our objective was to use a half-udder model to determine the milk yield response to 2 wk ...
Effect of Amount of Concentrate Offered in Automatic Milking Systems on Milking Frequency, Feeding Behavior, and Milk Production of Dairy Cattle Consuming High Amounts of Corn Silage
Nov 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The objective was to evaluate whether the amount of concentrate offered in an automatic milking systems (AMS) would modify milking frequency, feeding behavior, and milk production. One hundred fifteen lactating cows were used in a cross-over design with 2 periods of 90 d each ...
Predicting Milk Yield in Sheep Used for Dairying in Australia
Nov 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT It is necessary to identify traits that are simple to measure and correlated with milk yield to select ewes for dairying from existing populations of sheep in Australia. We studied 217 primiparous and 113 multiparous (second parity, n = 51; third parity, n = 40; and fourth ...
Adaptations of Mammary Uptake and Nutrient Use to Once-Daily Milking and Feed Restriction in Dairy Cows
Nov 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to gain a clearer understanding of the different levels of regulation involved in the reduction in milk yield in response to once-daily milking and feed restriction. The treatments were designed as a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of 2 milking frequencies ...
Factors Affecting Conception Rates Following Artificial Insemination or Embryo Transfer in Lactating Holstein Cows
Nov 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the factors that may affect conception rates (CR) following artificial insemination (AI) or embryo transfer (ET) in lactating Holstein cows. Estrous cycling cows producing 33.1 ± 7.2 kg of milk/d received PGF^sub 2α^ injections ...
Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Listeria Species on Dairy Farms
Nov 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT This cross-sectional study determined the prevalence of Listeria spp. in bulk-tank milk on dairy farms in the region of Galicia in northwest Spain. The aim was to identify management practices associated with the presence of Listeria spp. and possible effects on milk hygienic ...
Genotypic and Phenotypic Detection of Macrolide and Lincosamide Resistance in Streptococcus uberis
Nov 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Streptococcus uberis isolates (n = 55) were obtained from milk samples of cases of mild clinical mastitis in 55 dairy cows from 35 herds serviced by one veterinary practice in Mayenne, France. Isolates were tested for macrolide and lincosamide resistance by using phenotypic and ...
Energy Status, Lipid-Soluble Vitamins, and Acute Phase Proteins in Periparturient Holstein and Jersey Dairy Cows With or Without Subclinical Mastitis
Nov 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT In a retrospective, case-controlled, observational study, associations among indices of negative energy balance, plasma lipid and lipid-soluble vitamin concentrations, plasma acute phase protein status, and occurrence of a new subclinical intramammary infection (IMI) during the ...
Inoculant Effects on Alfalfa Silage: Fermentation Products and Nutritive Value
Nov 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The effect of 14 microbial inoculants on the fermentation and nutritive value of alfalfa silages was studied under laboratory conditions. The first cut (477 g of dry matter/kg) and second cut (393 g of dry matter/kg) of a second-year alfalfa stand were ensiled in 2 trials. In ...
Inoculant Effects on Alfalfa Silage: In Vitro Gas and Volatile Fatty Acid Production
Nov 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Alfalfa silages from 2 similar trials were analyzed for in vitro ruminai gas production. In both trials, there were 15 treatments: alfalfa treated at ensiling with 1 of 14 lactic acid bacterial inoculants or untreated alfalfa. First-cut (477 g of dry matter/kg) and second-cut ...
Long-Term Effects of Feeding Monensin on Milk Fatty Acid Composition in Lactating Dairy Cows
Nov 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine the longterm effects of feeding monensin on milk fatty acid (FA) profile in lactating dairy cows. Twenty-four lactating Holstein dairy cows (1.46 ± 0.17 parity; 620 ± 5.9 kg of live weight; 92.5 ± 2.62 d in milk) housed in a tie-stall ...
Effects of Feeding Camelina (Seeds or Meal) on Milk Fatty Acid Composition and Butter Spreadability
Nov 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The nutritional and rheological properties of butter depend on the fatty acid composition of milk. Therefore, feeding oilseeds rich in unsaturated fatty acids is likely to affect butter properties. The aim of this trial was to examine to what extent feeding the linolenic ...
Effects of Cow Diet on the Microbial Community and Organic Matter and Nitrogen Content of Feces
Nov 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Knowledge of the effects of cow diet on manure composition is required to improve nutrient use efficiency and to decrease emissions of N to the environment. Therefore, we performed an experiment with nonlactating cows to determine the consequences of changes in cow rations for ...
Effect of Application of Ammonium Chloride and Calcium Chloride on Alfalfa Cation-Anion Content and Yield1
Nov 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT A major factor predisposing the cow to periparturient hypocalcemia, or milk fever, is being fed a prepartum ration with a high dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD). The DCAD can be favorably altered to prevent milk fever by decreasing K and Na or increasing Cl and S in forages ...
Responses to Increasing Amounts of High-Oleic Sunflower Fatty Acids Infused into the Abomasum of Lactating Dairy Cows1
Nov 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Increasing the oleic acid (18:1 cis-9) content of milk fat might be desirable to meet consumer concerns about dietary healthfulness and for certain manufacturing applications. The extent to which milk fat could be enriched with oleic acid is not known. Increasing the intestinal ...
Effects of Rumen-Undegradable Protein Sources and Supplemental 2-Hydroxy-4-(Methylthio)-Butanoic Acid and Lysine*HCl on Lactation Performance in Dairy Cows
Nov 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT One hundred primiparous and multiparous Holstein cows were used in an experiment to evaluate the effect of supplementing diets with either a plant- or an animal-based source of rumen-undegradable protein (RUP), with or without AA supplementation, during the transition period and ...
Effects of Feeding Heat-Treated Colostrum on Passive Transfer of Immune and Nutritional Parameters in Neonatal Dairy Calves
Nov 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The first objective of this study was to describe the effect of on-farm heat treatment of colostrum on colostral bacteria counts and IgG concentrations. The second objective was to describe the effect of feeding heat-treated (vs. raw) colostrum on passive transfer of colostral ...
Effects of Photoperiod and Glucose-Supplemented Drinking Water on the Performance of Dairy Calves
Nov 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Long-day photoperiods (LDPP) have been shown to increase milk production in lactating dairy cattle. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of supplemental light and glucose-supplemented drinking water on starter dry matter intake (DMI), water intake, serum and ...
Antigen-Specific B-Cell Responses by Neonatal Calves After Early Vaccination1
Nov 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of early vaccination on the phenotype (i.e., activation marker expression) and functional capacity of B cell populations in neonatal calves. In the first of 2 experiments, 6 calves were vaccinated with ovalbumin at 3 and ...
Mammary Gland Expression of Antibacterial Peptide Genes to Inhibit Bacterial Pathogens Causing Mastitis
Nov 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT As a step toward prevention of bovine mastitis, a plasmid-mediated gene transfer technique was used to enable mammary cells to synthesize and secrete bovine lactoferricin and bovine tracheal antibacterial peptides. For this purpose, a series of mammary tissue-specific expression ...
Fibrolytic Enzymes to Increase the Nutritive Value of Dairy Feedstuffs1
Nov 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT In vitro studies and a lactation trial were conducted to investigate the effects of fibrolytic enzyme mixtures at different inclusion amounts. Seven enzymes in amounts designed to mimic addition of 1, 5, 15, or 30 g/d to dairy diets were incubated in vitro with either soybean ...
Expression of Lipolytic Genes in the Adipose Tissue of Pregnant and Lactating Holstein Dairy Cattle1
Nov 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine the expression of β-adrenergic receptors, hormone-sensitive lipase, and its cofactor perilipin in adipose tissue, and their relationships to rates of lipolysis and body fat use in Holstein dairy cattle during late pregnancy and ...
Effect of a Transition Diet on Production Performance and Metabolism in Periparturient Dairy Cows
Nov 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The objectives of this study were to characterize the change in blood metabolites over time, and to evaluate the effect of dietary energy concentration on ketone body accumulation in periparturient cows. Twenty-eight multiparous Holstein cows were listed in order of their ...
Starch Source Evaluation in Calf Starter: I. Feed Consumption, Body Weight Gain, Structural Growth, and Blood Metabolites in Holstein Calves
Nov 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Holstein calves were fed pelleted iso-starch (25% of starter dry matter) diets containing barley (n = 16), corn (n = 16), oat (n = 16), and wheat (n = 16) starch for 12 wk of age. Feed consumption, nutrient intake, body weight (BW) gain, skeletal growth, and selected blood ...
Lactoferrin Supplementation to Holstein Calves During the Preweaning and Postweaning Phases
Nov 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Sixty Holstein calves (30 bulls, 30 heifers) were used to examine the effects of supplemental lactoferrin on feed intake, growth, and health during the preweaning and postweaning periods. One of 3 levels of lactoferrin was supplemented from 3 to 56 d in either whole milk or ...
Characterization of the Dairy Farm Environment in Great Britain and the Effect of the Farm Environment on Cow Life Span
Nov 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Dairy farms vary a great deal in the feeding and management systems that are used. These differences affect the performance of the cows, and some genotypes may be affected more than others. If effects of such genotype-by-environment interactions (G×E) are large, then farmers ...
Joint Analysis of Quantitative Trait Loci for Clinical Mastitis and Somatic Cell Score on Five Chromosomes in Three Nordic Dairy Cattle Breeds
Nov 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Five chromosomes were selected for joint quantitative trait loci (QTL) analyses for clinical mastitis (CM) and somatic cell score (SCS) in 3 breeds: Finnish Ayrshire (FA), Swedish Red and White (SRB), and Danish Red (DR). In total, 19 grandsires and 672 sons in FA, 19 grandsires ...
DairyWise, A Whole-Farm Dairy Model
Nov 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT A whole-farm dairy model was developed and evaluated. The DairyWise model is an empirical model that simulated technical, environmental, and financial processes on a dairy farm. The central component is the FeedSupply model that balanced the herd requirements, as generated by ...
Breed and Parity Effects on Energy Balance Profiles Through Lactation: Evidence of Genetically Driven Body Energy Change
Nov 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to characterize patterns of energy balance through lactation of cows kept under constant feeding conditions. Danish Holstein, Danish Red, and Jersey cows were studied during consecutive lactations and remained on the same dietary treatment throughout ....
Modeling of Camembert-Type Cheese Mass Loss in a Ripening Chamber: Main Biological and Physical Phenomena
Nov 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT A model of the mass loss of Camembert-type cheese was established with data obtained from 2 experimental ripening trials carried out in 2 pilot ripening chambers. During these experiments, a cheese was continuously weighed and the relative humidity, temperature, oxygen, and ...
A Zero-Inflated Poisson Model for Genetic Analysis of the Number of Mastitis Cases in Norwegian Red Cows
Nov 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The objective was to extend a zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) model to account for correlated genetic effects, and to use this model to analyze the number of clinical mastitis cases in Norwegian Red cows. The ZIP model is suitable for analysis of count data containing an excess of ...
Erratum
Nov 01, 2007; ... Prediction of Genetic Correlations and International Breeding Values for Missing Traits T. Mark, W. F. Fikse, P. G. Sullivan, and P. M ....
Conjugated [alpha]-Linolenic Acid Isomers in Bovine Milk and Muscle
Nov 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Conjugated linolenic acids (CLnA) are octadecatrienoic fatty acid isomers with at least 2 conjugated double bonds. Various CLnA isomers occur naturally, and some isomers could be formed by ruminants from dietary α-linolenic acid. Ruminant biohydrogenation of polyunsaturated ...