Journal of Dairy Science back issues from March 2008:
Whey Starter for Grana Padano Cheese: Effect of Technological Parameters on Viability and Composition of the Microbial Community
Mar 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT This work aimed to investigate the effects of thermal treatments and yeast extract addition on the composition of the microbial community of natural whey starters for Grana Padano cheese. Different natural whey starter samples were held at 4°C for 24 h (cooling treatment), or at ...
Effect of Buttermilk Made from Creams with Different Heat Treatment Histories on Properties of Rennet Gels and Model Cheeses
Mar 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Although many studies have reported negative effects on cheese properties resulting from the use of buttermilk in cheese milk, the cause of these effects has not been determined. In this study, buttermilk was manufactured from raw cream and pasteurized cream, as well as from a ...
Development of an Analytical Method for the Determination of Photoinitiators Used for Food Packaging Materials with Potential to Migrate into Milk
Mar 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Photoinitiators are used in the curing process during UV printing of food carton labels. The alarm concerning the detection of a photoinitiator, 2-isopropyl thioxanthone (ITX), in food samples packed with cartons printed with UV-cured inks has focused the attention of ...
NEWS AND ANNOUNCEMENTS
Mar 01, 2008; ... ADSA Member News ... Proposed Amendment to Dairy Foods Division By-Laws Background: To streamline administrative effort within the division and the national office, the Council leadership recommends amending the by-laws with respect to resolutions. The proposed amendment is ...
Effect of Using Propionic Acid Bacteria as an Adjunct Culture in Yogurt Production
Mar 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Propionibacteria are able to produce a wide variety of food components beneficial to human health. In this study, yogurt was produced by using the adjunct starter cultures Propionibacterium jensenii B1264 and Propionibacterium thoenii (jensenii) P126. Although the total solids ...
Detection of Internal Cracks in Manchego Cheese Using the Acoustic Impulse-Response Technique and Ultrasounds
Mar 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Nowadays, due to the more global nature of markets, the commercialization of cheese relies on the high quality of the product. Internal defects such as cracks or flaws may affect quality. Two different nondestructive inspection techniques (ultrasonic and acoustic experiments) ...
Effect of Information About Animal Welfare on Consumer Willingness to Pay for Yogurt
Mar 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT This study aimed to verify whether consumers confirm their willingness to pay extra costs for higher animal welfare standards in a situation where a potential purchase performed by consumers, such as the Vickrey auction, is used. A 104-member consumer panel was asked to rate its ...
Short-Wave Near-Infrared Spectroscopy of Milk Powder for Brand Identification and Component Analysis
Mar 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT The aim of the present paper was to provide new insight into the short-wave near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopic analysis of milk powder. Near-infrared spectra in the 800- to 1,025-nm region of 350 samples were analyzed to determine the brands and quality of milk powders. Brand ...
Monitoring Quality Loss of Pasteurized Skim Milk Using Visible and Short Wavelength Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Multivariate Analysis
Mar 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Visible and short wavelength near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (600 to 1,100 nm) was evaluated as a technique for detecting and monitoring spoilage of pasteurized skim milk at 3 storage temperatures (6, 21, and 37°C) over 3 to 30 h (control, t = 0 h; n = 3) ....
Factors Affecting the Lactoferrin Concentration in Bovine Milk
Mar 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Lactoferrin (LF) concentrations in the milk with different levels of the somatic cell count score were examined using an ELISA to determine whether milk LF concentration is influenced by parity of the cow, stage of lactation, and the somatic cell count. The study animals were ...
Rheological Properties of Rennet Gels Containing Milk Protein Concentrates
Mar 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Different milk protein concentrates (MPC), with protein concentrations of 56, 70, and 90%, were dispersed in water under different treatments (hydration, shear, heat, and overnight storage at 4°C), as well as in a combination of all the treatments in a factorial design. The ...
The Relationship Between Oxidative Damage and Vitamin E Concentration in Blood, Milk, and Liver Tissue from Vitamin E Supplemented and Nonsupplemented Periparturient Heifers
Mar 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT This study investigated the relationship between oxidative damage and the effect of vitamin E supplementation in blood, milk, and liver tissue in 16 periparturient heifers. The question is whether measurements of oxidative and vitamin E status in blood of a periparturient cow ...
Milking and Feed Restriction Regulate Transcripts of Mammary Epithelial Cells Purified from Milk
Mar 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Feed restriction and once-daily milking (ODM) reduce milk yield in dairy cows and the amount of glucose taken up by the mammary gland. The modulation of mammary glucose uptake may be the consequence of modifications to glucose transport, capacity for lactose synthesis, and cell ...
What Happens with Cow Behavior When Replacing Concrete Slatted Floor by Rubber Coating: A Case Study
Mar 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT An enhanced productive life cycle and improved animal welfare are aims pursued in dairy husbandry. This study assesses experimental observations on floor-associated behavior during the stepwise replacement of concrete slatted flooring by rubber mats. For this purpose, estrus ...
Short Communication: Change in Plasma Ghrelin in Dairy Cows Following an Intravenous Glucose Challenge
Mar 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Ghrelin is an endogenous ligand of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor and a potent orexigenic (appetite-stimulating) agent in humans and rodents, but little is known about its effect in dairy cows. Ten multiparous dairy cows 35 d in milk were subjected to an i.v. glucose ...
Acute Behavioral Effects of Regrouping Dairy Cows
Mar 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Regrouping is a common management practice on commercial dairy farms. The objectives of this study were to examine the effects of regrouping on feeding behavior, social behavior, and milk production. Eleven mid-lactation Holstein cows were individually introduced into previously ...
Changes in Feeding Behavior as Possible Indicators for the Automatic Monitoring of Health Disorders in Dairy Cows
Mar 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Changes in short-term feeding behavior of dairy cows that occur with the onset of the health disorders ketosis, acute locomotory problems, and chronic lameness were investigated using data collected during previous experiments. The objective of the study was to describe and ...
Priming the Cow for Mobilization in the Periparturient Period: Effects of Supplementing the Dry Cow with Saturated Fat or Linseed
Mar 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT High-producing dairy cows experience negative energy balance in early lactation. Dry-cow feeding management will affect the performance and metabolic status of dairy cows in the following early lactation. The present study evaluates dry-cow feeding strategies for priming lipid ...
Altering the Time of the Second Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Injection and Artificial Insemination (AI) During Ovsynch Affects Pregnancies per AI in Lactating Dairy Cows
Mar 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Based on previous research, we hypothesized that Cosynch at 72 h [GnRH-7 d-PGF^sub 2α^-72 h-GnRH + artificial insemination (AI)] would result in a greater number of pregnancies per AI (P/AI) than Cosynch at 48 h. Further, we hypothesized that P/AI would be improved to a ...
The Effects of Endocrine and Mechanical Stimulation on Stage I Lactogenesis in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells1
Mar 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT The study objective was to evaluate the effect of endocrine and mechanical (gel release) signaling on bovine mammary epithelial cell ultrastructure and gene expression. Cultures receiving only one stimulus demonstrated partially differentiated ultrastructure, which included ...
Limit-Feeding a High-Energy Diet to Meet Energy Requirements in the Dry Period Alters Plasma Metabolite Concentrations but Does Not Affect Intake or Milk Production in Early Lactation
Mar 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Limit-feeding dry cows a high-energy diet may enable adequate energy intake to be sustained as parturition approaches, thus reducing the extent of negative energy balance after parturition. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of dry period feeding strategy on plasma ...
Short Communication: Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling-2 mRNA Increases After Parturition in the Liver of Dairy Cows
Mar 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT After parturition, the somatotropic axis of the dairy cow is uncoupled, partly because of reduced concentration of liver-specific GH receptor (GHR) 1A. Estradiol-17β (E^sub 2^) concentrations increase at parturition and E^sub 2^ upregulates suppressors of cytokine ...
Short Communication: A Field Study on the Relationship Between Body Condition and Embryo Production in Superovulated Holstein Yearling Heifers
Mar 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT We conducted a field survey to estimate the relationship between embryo production and the body condition score (BCS) on a 5-point scale, as well as blood concentrations of insulin and glucose, in superovulated Holstein yearling heifers housed in a free-stall barn. They were ...
Effect of Supplementing Rumen-Protected Methionine on Production and Nitrogen Excretion in Lactating Dairy Cows1
Mar 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Two 4 × 4 Latin square trials (4-wk periods; 16 wk total) were conducted to see whether supplementing rumen-protected Met (RPM; fed as Mepron) would allow feeding less crude protein (CP), thereby reducing urinary N excretion, but without losing production. In trial 1, 24 ...
Diet Digestibility, Rate of Passage, and Eating and Rumination Behavior of Jersey and Holstein Cows
Mar 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Diet digestibility and rate of passage, eating and rumination behavior, dry matter intake (DMI), and lactation performance were compared in 6 Jersey and 6 Hoistein multiparous cows. Cows were fed gestation diets according to body weight (BW) beginning 7 wk before expected ...
The Effects of Feed Bunk Competition on the Feed Sorting Behavior of Close-Up Dry Cows
Mar 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT The objectives of this research were to describe the feed sorting, feeding behavior, and feed intake of cows consuming a close-up ration and to determine if these behaviors are affected by competition for access to the feed bunk. Thirty-six dry Holstein cows, consuming a ...
Effect of In Vitro Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation to Marine Algae-Adapted and Unadapted Rumen Inoculum on the Biohydrogenation of Unsaturated Fatty Acids in Freeze-Dried Grass
Mar 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to examine the ruminal biohydrogenation of linoleic (18:2n-6) and linolenic (18:3n-3) acid during in vitro incubations with rumen inoculum from dairy cattle adapted or not to marine algae and with or without additional in vitro docosahexaenoic ...
Effect of Nylon Bag and Protozoa on In Vitro Corn Starch Disappearance
Mar 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT An in vitro experiment was carried out to study whether the presence of protozoa in nylon bags can explain the underestimation of the in situ degradation of slowly degradable starch. Corn of a high (flint) and a low (dent) vitreousness variety was ground over a 3-mm screen, ...
Starch Source Evaluation in Calf Starter: II. Ruminal Parameters, Rumen Development, Nutrient Digestibilities, and Nitrogen Utilization in Holstein Calves
Mar 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Ruminal parameters, rumen development, nutrient digestibilities, and N utilization were estimated in Holstein calves fed starch from different sources. Ground corn, ground barley, ground wheat, and crimped oats were used to formulate 4 isostarch (25% of starter dry matter) ...
Effects of Silage Soluble Nitrogen Components on Metabolizable Protein Concentration: A Meta-Analysis of Dairy Cow Production Experiments
Mar 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT A meta-analysis based on 253 treatment means from 80 dairy cow production experiments was conducted to estimate the effects of the silage water-soluble N components on milk production, milk urea N concentration, and the efficiency of N utilization in milk production. The ...
Use of Monensin Controlled-Release Capsules to Reduce Methane Emissions and Improve Milk Production of Dairy Cows Offered Pasture Supplemented with Grain
Mar 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT We examined the effects of monensin, provided by controlled-release capsules, on the enteric methane emissions and milk production of dairy cows receiving ryegrass pasture and grain. In a grazing experiment, 60 Holstein-Friesian cows were assigned randomly to 1 of 2 groups ...
Effects of Monensin and Dietary Soybean Oil on Milk Fat Percentage and Milk Fatty Acid Profile in Lactating Dairy Cows
Mar 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of monensin (MN) and dietary soybean oil (SBO) on milk fat percentage and milk fatty acid (FA) profile. The study was conducted as a randomized complete block design with a 2 × 3 factorial treatment arrangement using 72 ...
Milk Fatty Acids II: Prediction of the Production of Individual Fatty Acids in Bovine Milk
Mar 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Previously observed relationships between dietary composition and production of a small number of individual milk fatty acids were the motivation to examine whether equations could be developed to predict production of all the major individual milk fatty acids. Such equations ...
Genetic Association of Clinical Mastitis with Test-Day Somatic Cell Score and Milk Yield During First Lactation of Finnish Ayrshire Cows
Mar 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT In this study the genetic association during lactation of 2 clinical mastitis (CM) traits: CM1 (7 d before to 30 d after calving) and CM2 (31 to 300 d after calving) with test-day somatic cell score (SCS) and milk yield (MY) was assessed using multitrait random regression sire ...
Short Communication: Estimates of Genetic Variation of Milk Fatty Acids in US Holstein Cows1
Mar 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Interest in changing the milk fatty acid profile is growing. However, little is known about the genetic variability of milk fatty acids in the US Holstein population. Therefore, genetic parameters for milk fatty acids were estimated using a single-trait, mixed, linear animal ...
Technical Note: Simultaneous Identification of CSN1S2 A, B, C, and E Alleles in Goats by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism
Mar 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Most variability in goat caseins originates from the high number of genetic polymorphisms often affecting the specific protein expression, with strong effects on milk composition traits and technological properties. At least 7 alleles have been found in the goat α^sub ...
Tracking Heat-Resistant, Cold-Thriving Fluid Milk Spoilage Bacteria from Farm to Packaged Product
Mar 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Control of psychrotolerant endospore-forming spoilage bacteria, particularly Bacillus and Paenibacillus spp., is economically important to the dairy industry. These microbes form endospores that can survive high-temperature, short-time pasteurization; hence, their presence in ...
Milk Marketing Policy Options for the Dairy Industry in New England
Mar 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT New England dairy farmers are under intense price pressure resulting from important growth in milk production from lower cost of production Southwest states as well as by retailers' market power. Agricultural officials and legislative bodies in New England and in other Northeast ...
Influence of Variable Milk Quality Premiums on Observed Milk Quality
Mar 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate a premium program for very high quality milk in a US cooperative. Data were available on a monthly basis from a large US milk cooperative from April 1998 through December 2005. The data set consisted of 36,930 observations representing ...
Evaluation of Solids, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus Excretion Models for Lactating Dairy Cows
Mar 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Monitoring or accurately predicting manure quantities and nutrient concentrations is important for dairy farms facing strict environmental regulations. The objectives of this project were to determine the daily outflow of manure nutrients from a free-stall barn using mass ...
The Effect of Herbage Allowance and Concentrate Supplementation on Milk Production Performance and Dry Matter Intake of Spring-Calving Dairy Cows in Early Lactation
Mar 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine the effect of daily herbage allowance (DHA) and concentrate level on milk production and dry matter intake of spring-calving dairy cows in early lactation. Seventy-two Holstein-Friesian dairy cows (mean calving date February 2) were ...
Crossbreds of Jersey × Holstein Compared with Pure Holsteins for Production, Fertility, and Body and Udder Measurements During First Lactation
Mar 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Jersey × Holstein crossbreds (J×H; n = 76) were compared with pure Holsteins (n = 73) for 305-d milk, fat, and protein production; conception rate; days open; proportion of cows pregnant within fixed intervals postpartum; and body and udder measurements during first lactation ....
Proteolytic Pattern, Antigenicity, and Serum Immunoglobulin E Binding of [beta]-Lactoglobulin Hydrolysates Obtained by Pepsin and High-Pressure Treatments
Mar 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT This study evaluates the use of high pressure to enhance pepsin hydrolysis of β-lactoglobulin (β-LG). The protein was subjected to high pressure before and during the proteolytic process. Analysis of remnant β-LG, identification of the peptides produced, and ...
Genetic Variation in the [kappa]-Casein Gene (CSN3) of Chinese Yak (Bos grunniens) and Phylogenetic Analysis of CSN3 Sequences in the Genus Bos
Mar 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Variants of κ-casein (CSN3) have been extensively studied in cattle and 13 alleles have been identified at the protein and DNA levels to date. Evolution of some of these alleles and a possible common ancestor remain unclear. Polymerase chain reaction-single strand ...
Short Communication: Characterization of a [kappa]-Casein Genetic Variant in the Chinese Yak, Bos grunniens
Mar 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT A PCR-single strand conformation polymorphism protocol has been developed for rapid genotyping of the yak κ-casein gene. A total of 307 yaks from the Tianzhu White, Jiulong, Maiwa, and Datong breeds in China were genotyped at the κ-casein locus using the protocol ...