Journal of Dairy Science back issues from April 2008:
NEWS AND ANNOUNCEMENTS
Apr 01, 2008; ... ADSA Member News ... Discover Conference Series A limited number of spaces remain for the upcoming 14th Discover Conference, Lipids for Dairy Cattle: Today's Issues, Tomorrow's Challenges, planned for May 18-21, 2008, at the Brown County Inn in Nashville, Indiana. Complete ...
Journal of Dairy Science 2007 Editorial Report
Apr 01, 2008; ... I am pleased to bring you another extremely positive report on the performance of the Journal of Dairy Science (JDS). The journal had another very successful year in 2007 and reached several new milestones for performance. The outstanding staff members at ADSA headquarters and the senior editors ...
High Hydrostatic Pressure Modification of Whey Protein Concentrate for Improved Functional Properties
Apr 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Whey protein concentrate (WPC) has many applications in the food industry. Previous research demonstrated that treatment of whey proteins with high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) can enhance solubility and foaming properties of whey proteins. The objective of this study was to use ...
ADSA Foundation Scholar Award: Possibilities and Challenges of Exopolysaccharide-Producing Lactic Cultures in Dairy Foods
Apr 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Exopolysaccharides (EPS) from lactic acid bacteria are a diverse group of polysaccharides exhibiting various functional properties. Two forms of EPS are produced by lactic acid bacteria: capsular and unattached. Capsular EPS does not cause ropiness nor does production of ...
High Hydrostatic Pressure Modification of Whey Protein Concentrate for Improved Body and Texture of Lowfat Ice Cream
Apr 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Previous research demonstrated that application of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP), particularly at 300 MPa for 15 min, can enhance foaming properties of whey protein concentrate (WPC). The purpose of this research was to determine the practical impact of HHPtreated WPC on the ...
Water Buffalo Mozzarella Cheese Stored in Polysaccharide-Based Gels: Correlation Between Prolongation of the Shelf-Life and Physicochemical Parameters
Apr 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT An innovative packaging system has been developed, based on natural gels, that has shown the peculiar characteristic to strongly increase the shelf life of water buffalo Mozzarella cheese. To explain the mechanism of action of the gel, measurements of Ca and Na in the cheese and ...
Technical Note: Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy and Quantitative Image Analysis: Application to Cream Cheese Microstructure Investigation
Apr 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT The naked eye observation of cream cheese confocal scanning laser microscopy images only provides qualitative information about its microstructure. Because those products are dense dairy gels, confocal scanning laser microscopy images of 2 different cream cheeses may appear ...
A Meta-Analysis of the Impact of Monensin in Lactating Dairy Cattle. Part 1. Metabolic Effects
Apr 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT A meta-analysis of the impact of monensin on metabolism of dairy cattle was conducted following a search of the literature. A total of 59 studies with monensin feeding in dairy cattle were identified in which 30 papers and 45 trials contained metabolic data. The ...
Evaluation of Three Commercial Hoof-Care Products Used in Footbaths in Danish Dairy Herds
Apr 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Digital dermatitis is a serious problem in dairy production in many countries. Footbaths have been used extensively for the prevention and cure of digital dermatitis. But there is a lack of scientific evidence regarding the effectiveness of hoof-care products used in footbaths ....
Incidence Rate of Clinical Mastitis on Canadian Dairy Farms
Apr 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT No nationwide studies of the incidence rate of clinical mastitis (IRCM) have been conducted in Canada. Because the IRCM and distribution of mastitis-causing bacteria may show substantial geographic variation, the primary objective of this study was to determine regional ...
Effects of Twice-Daily Nursing on Milk Ejection and Milk Yield During Nursing and Milking in Dairy Cows
Apr 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Milk production and hormonal responses to milking in Holstein cows that were milked twice daily, and that either also nursed calves twice daily 2 h after milking for 9 wk after calving (n = 10) or that served as nonnursing controls (n = 8) were examined to assess how nursing ...
Effects of Abomasal Infusion of Linseed Oil on Responses to Glucose and Insulin in Holstein Cows
Apr 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT The objective was to study the effects of abomasal infusion of linseed oil, a source rich in n-3 C18:3, on whole-body response to insulin (experiment 1) and on insulin antilipolytic effects during feed restriction (experiment 2). In experiment 1, eight nonlactating, nongestating ...
A Meta-Analysis of the Impact of Monensin in Lactating Dairy Cattle. Part 2. Production Effects
Apr 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT A meta-analysis of the impact of monensin on production outcomes in dairy cattle was conducted using the 36 papers and 77 trials that contained eligible data. Statistical analyses were conducted in STATA and included a consideration of fixed or random effects models, assessment ...
The Influence of Cow Factors on the Incidence of Clinical Mastitis in Dairy Cows
Apr 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Many cow-specific risk factors for clinical mastitis (CM) are known. Other studies have analyzed these risk factors separately or only analyzed a limited number of risk factors simultaneously. The goal of this study was to determine the influence of cow factors on the incidence ...
Cow, Farm, and Herd Management Factors in the Dry Period Associated with Raised Somatic Cell Counts in Early Lactation
Apr 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT This study investigated cow characteristics, farm facilities, and herd management strategies during the dry period to examine their joint influence on somatic cell counts (SCC) in early lactation. Data from 52 commercial dairy farms throughout England and Wales were collected ...
Short Communication: Comparison of Manual Versus Semiautomatic Milk Recording Systems in Dairy Goats
Apr 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT A total of 24 Murciano-Granadina dairy goats in early-midlactation were used to compare the labor time and data collection efficiency of using manual (M) vs. semiautomated (SA) systems for milk recording. Goats were milked once daily in a 2 × 12 parallel platform, with 6 milking ...
Dietary Unsaturated Fatty Acids Increase Plasma Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 and Cholecystokinin and May Decrease Premeal Ghrelin in Lactating Dairy Cows1
Apr 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Previous reports have indicated that dietary unsaturated fat can decrease energy intake of lactating dairy cattle. However, the mechanism for this response is unclear. To evaluate the potential role of gut peptides, periprandial concentrations of cholecystokinin (CCK), ...
Feeding Activated Charcoal from Bark Containing Wood Vinegar Liquid (Nekka-Rich) Is Effective as Treatment for Cryptosporidiosis in Calves
Apr 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT The effect of activated charcoal containing wood vinegar liquid (Nekka-Rich) on Cryptosporidium parvum was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. First, the adsorption of C. parvum by the activated charcoal component of Nekka-Rich was examined. When mixed, C. parvum oocysts were ...
Influence of Fermentation Methods on Neutral Detergent Fiber Degradation Parameters
Apr 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT The effect of 3 fermentation methods, in situ (IS) in 4 lactating cows (average pH of 5.8), in vitro (IVn) with media pH of 6.8, or in vitro (IVa) with media pH adjusted to 6.0 using citric acid, on fiber degradation parameters was studied using feeds ground to different ...
The Effect of Silage Cutting Height on the Nutritive Value of a Normal Corn Silage Hybrid Compared with Brown Midrib Corn Silage Fed to Lactating Cows
Apr 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT A brown midrib (BMR) hybrid and a silage-specific non-BMR (7511FQ) hybrid were harvested at a normal cut height leaving 10 to 15 cm of stalk in the field. The non-BMR hybrid was also cut at a greater height leaving 45 to 50 cm of stalk. Cutting high increased the concentrations ...
Effects of Supplementation and Stage of Lactation on Performance of Grazing Dairy Ewes1
Apr 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT The majority of dairy sheep in the world are fed pasture and supplemental grain during lactation; however, no trials have reported the effects of supplementation of dairy ewes grazing improved pastures in North America. In trial 1,56 three-year-old grazing dairy ewes in early ...
Effects of Providing Water from a Bucket or a Nipple on the Performance and Behavior of Calves Fed Ad Libitum Volumes of Acidified Milk Replacer
Apr 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Little information is available on how much water ad libitum milk-fed calves consume during the milk-feeding stage and during weaning to solid feed. Further, no information exists on the effects on calf behavior and performance of different water delivery systems during these ...
Evaluation of Factors Associated with Increased Dairy Cow Mortality on United States Dairy Operations
Apr 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Dairy cow mortality is an increasingly severe problem for the US dairy industry. The objective of this study was to examine a variety of herd management practices and herd characteristics to identify factors associated with increased cow mortality in US dairy herds. The National ...
Associations Between Housing, Management, and Morbidity During Rearing and Subsequent First-Lactation Milk Production of Dairy Cows in Southwest Sweden
Apr 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Information regarding health, management, and housing from birth to first calving was collected for 1,029 Swedish Reds, 991 Swedish Holsteins, and 40 heifers of crossbreed or other breeds on bimonthly farm visits made by 3 project veterinarians to 107 dairy herds in southwest ...
Effect of Feeding Yeast Culture on Performance, Health, and Immunocompetence of Dairy Calves
Apr 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Objectives were to determine effects of feeding a culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on performance, health, and immunocompetence of calves in the first 70 d of age. Holstein calves (n = 512) at 2 ± 1 d of age were randomly assigned to yeast culture (YC, 218 females and 37 ...
Analysis of Nitrogen Utilization and Excretion in Growing Dairy Cattle1
Apr 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Literature data on utilization of dietary N were analyzed by using meta-analytic procedures for growing milk-fed dairy calves and weaned dairy heifers. The objective was to statistically assess N utilization and excretion in growing dairy cattle when dietary N was altered in ...
Effects of Planting Date on Fiber Digestibility of Whole-Crop Barley and Productivity of Lactating Dairy Cows
Apr 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Objectives of the study were to evaluate the effect of planting date on in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility (IVFD) of whole-crop barley (Hordeum vulgäre) and its effects on productivity of lactating dairy cows. Two cultivars of barley were planted on May 5 (BM) and ...
Transfer of Dietary Zinc and Fat to Milk-Evaluation of Milk Fat Quality, Milk Fat Precursors, and Mastitis Indicators
Apr 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT The present study demonstrated that the zinc concentration in bovine milk and blood plasma is significantly affected by the intake of saturated fat supplements. Sixteen Holstein cows were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design with 4 periods of 12 d, and 4 dietary treatments were ...
Supplementing Limited Methionine Diets with Rumen-Protected Methionine, Betaine, and Choline in Early Lactation Holstein Cows
Apr 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Eighty lactating Holstein cows from 21 to 91 d in milk were fed a corn silage-based total mixed ration (TMR) formulated with the Met content limited (42 g/ d) to investigate the impact of supplementing rumenprotected (RP) forms of Met, betaine, and choline on performance and ...
Milk Production, Conjugated Linoleic Acid Content, and In Vitro Ruminal Fermentation in Response to High Levels of Soybean Oil in Dairy Ewe Diet
Apr 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Feeding vegetable oils rich in linoleic acid has been demonstrated to be an effective strategy to enrich milk with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). However, high amounts of vegetable oil in the diet in free form could adversely affect animal performance, mainly in sheep. The aim ...
Basal Expression of Nucleoside Transporter mRNA Differs Among Small Intestinal Epithelia of Beef Steers and Is Differentially Altered by Ruminal or Abomasal Infusion of Starch Hydrolysate1,2
Apr 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT In ruminants, microbial-derived nucleic acids are a major source of N and are absorbed as nucleosides by small intestinal epithelia. Although the biochemical activities of 2 nucleoside transport systems have been described for cattle, little is known regarding the regulation of ...
Hay to Reduce Dietary Cation-Anion Difference for Dry Dairy Cows
Apr 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Timothy grass has a lower dietary cation-anion difference [DCAD = (Na + K) - (Cl + S)] than other coolseason grass species. Growing timothy on low-K soils and fertilizing it with CaCl^sub 2^ could further decrease its DCAD. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects ...
Effects of Fescue Type and Sampling Date on the Nitrogen Disappearance Kinetics of Autumn-Stockpiled Tall Fescue1,2
Apr 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Two tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh] forages, one an experimental host plant/endophyte association containing a novel endophyte that produces low or nil concentrations of ergot alkaloids (HM4) and the other a typical association of Kentucky 31 tall fescue and ...
A Barrier Can Reduce Competition over Teats in Pair-Housed Milk-Fed Calves
Apr 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT The objectives of this study were 1) to assess whether a barrier placed between 2 teat buckets would reduce displacements at the teat buckets during milk-feeding events, 2) to determine whether the length of the barrier would influence this effect, and 3) to determine whether ...
Effect of Quantitative Trait Loci for Milk Protein Percentage on Milk Protein Yield and Milk Yield in Israeli Holstein Dairy Cattle
Apr 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Although numerous quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping studies involving milk protein percent (PP), milk yield (MY), and protein yield (PY) have been carried out, there has not been any systematic evaluation of the effects of individual QTL on these 3 interrelated traits ....
Across-Family Marker-Assisted Selection Using Selective Genotyping Strategies in Dairy Cattle Breeding Schemes
Apr 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT This study investigated the potential loss expected from marker-assisted selection (MAS) when only a proportion of animals are genotyped using several selective genotyping strategies. A population resembling a commercial dairy cattle population over 25 yr was simulated, and the ...
Relationship Between Individual Herd-Heritability Estimates and Sire Misidentification Rate
Apr 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT The objectives of this study were to estimate heritabilities within herds participating in Dairy Herd Improvement and determine the relationship of the individual herd heritability with sire misidentification rate. Individual herd heritabilities for milk, fat, and protein yield ...
Short Communication: Variance Estimates Among Herds Stratified by Individual Herd Heritability
Apr 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT The objectives of this study were to compare (co)variance parameter estimates among subsets of data that were pooled from herds with high, medium, or low individual herd heritability estimates and to compare individual herd heritability estimates to REML heritability estimates ...
Accuracy of Prediction of Gene Content in Large Animal Populations and its Use for Candidate Gene Detection and Genetic Evaluation
Apr 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT To estimate and to use the effects of single genes on quantitative traits, genotypes need to be known. However, in large animal populations, the majority of animals are not genotyped. These missing genotypes have to be estimated. However, currently used methods are impractical ...
Relationship Between Reproduction Traits and Functional Longevity in Canadian Dairy Cattle
Apr 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to use survival analysis to assess the relationship between reproduction traits and functional longevity of Canadian dairy cattle. Data consisted of 1,702,857; 67,470; and 33,190 Holstein, Ayrshire, and Jersey cows, respectively. Functional longevity ...
Technical Note: Recursive Algorithm for Inbreeding Coefficients Assuming Nonzero Inbreeding of Unknown Parents
Apr 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT A recursive algorithm to calculate inbreeding coefficients was modified to account for nonzero inbreeding of unknown parents. The modification was done by changing one part of a recursive formula in which the inbreeding of an animal with at least one unknown parent is not zero ...
Love Thy Neighbor-But Does that Include a Six Hundred Eighty-Four Cow Dairy Operation? A Survey of Community Perceptions
Apr 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT The juxtaposition of nonfarming residences to operating dairy farms often precipitates conflict over appropriate land use. This was the situation facing the residents of the town of Charlotte, Vermont, in 2002 when a local dairy farmer proposed expanding from 225 to 684 cows ...
Survey of Dairy Management Practices on One Hundred Thirteen North Central and Northeastern United States Dairies
Apr 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT The objective was to conduct a broad survey of dairy management practices that have an effect on animal well-being. Dairies were visited during the fall and winter of 2005 and 2006 in Wisconsin, Minnesota, Indiana, Iowa, and New York. Data were collected on 113 dairies on ...
A Comparison of Three Strains of Holstein-Friesian Grazed on Pasture and Managed Under Different Feed Allowances
Apr 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT This experiment compared Holstein-Friesian (HF) cows of New Zealand (NZ) origin representative of genetics present in the 1970s (NZ70; n = 45) and 1990s (NZ90; n = 60), and a group of HF cows of North American origin with 1990s genetics (NA90; n = 60), which were managed in ...
Short Communication: Prepartal Concentration of Estradiol-17[beta] in Heifers with Stillborn Calves
Apr 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT This study was conducted to investigate hormonal imbalances preceding stillbirths and dystocia in primiparous heifers. The study was conducted between 2003 and 2004 on a German dairy farm, including 433 heifers. Starting 3 wk before calving, a weekly blood sample was collected ....