Journal of Dairy Science back issues from September 2008:
NEWS AND ANNOUNCEMENTS
Sep 01, 2008; ... ADSA Member News ... ADSA Members: Discount for Early Renewal! Renew your ADSA membership dues online by August 31 and receive a 9% discount ($100 instead of $110). Go here to renew online now: https://secure.fass. org/login.asp?sourcepage=dues%2Easp S-PAC Continues to ...
Water Intake and Dry Matter Intake Changes as a Feeding Management Tool and Indicator of Health and Estrus Status in Dairy Cows
Sep 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT This study investigates whether dry matter (DM) or water intake is affected by the presence of disease or estrus in dairy cows and whether water intake can serve as an accurate substitute for monitoring changes in DM intake (DMI). A combined cumulative sum (CUSUM) and Shewhart ...
Changes in Alveolar and Cisternal Compartments Induced by Milking Interval in the Udder of Dairy Ewes
Sep 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of milking interval (4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 h) on asternal size and milk partitioning (cisternal and alveolar) in the udders of dairy ewes. Twenty-four dairy ewes (Manchega, n = 12; Lacaune, n = 12) were used in a 2-wk ...
Milking-to-Milking Variability for Milk Yield, Fat and Protein Percentage, and Somatic Cell Count
Sep 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT The main objectives were to analyze milking-to-milking variability in milk yield, fat and protein percentages, and somatic cell count (SCC). Additional objectives were to investigate the factors that affect variation in milk fat percentage and to study the seasonal variations in ...
Differences in Thermoregulatory Ability Between Slick-Haired and Wild-Type Lactating Holstein Cows in Response to Acute Heat Stress
Sep 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Animals inheriting the slick hair gene have a short, sleek, and sometimes glossy coat. The objective of the present study was to determine whether slick-haired Holstein cows regulate body temperature more effectively than wild-type Holstein cows when exposed to an acute increase ...
Modifying the Acute Phase Response of Jersey Calves by Supplementing Milk Replacer with Omega-3 Fatty Acids from Fish Oil
Sep 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Fifty-one Jersey bull calves (5 ± 1 d old) were assigned to 1 of 3 milk replacers to determine the effects of increasing doses of n-3 fatty acids from fish oil on the acute phase response after an endotoxin challenge. All calves were fed a 22.5% crude protein and 18% lipid milk ...
Supplementing Milk Replacer with Omega-3 Fatty Acids from Fish Oil on Immunocompetence and Health of Jersey Calves
Sep 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Fifty-one Jersey bull calves (5 ± 1 d old) were assigned to 1 of 3 milk replacers to determine the effects of increasing doses of n-3 fatty acids from fish oil on immunocompetence and health. All calves were fed a 22.5% crude protein and 18% lipid industry standard milk replacer ...
Comparison of Red Clover and Ryegrass Silage for Dry Cows and Influence on Subsequent Lactation Performance
Sep 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to investigate the use of red clover (RC) silage as a forage for dry dairy cows, primarily relative to its impact on tissue mobilization and repletion during the transition period and performance during the first 10 wk of lactation. Forty ...
Effects of Peripartum Propylene Glycol Supplementation on Nitrogen Metabolism, Body Composition, and Gene Expression for the Major Protein Degradation Pathways in Skeletal Muscle in Dairy Cows
Sep 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Early-lactating dairy cows mobilize body protein to provide amino acids that are directed toward gluconeogenesis and milk protein synthesis. Propylene glycol (PG) is a precursor of ruminal propionate, and feeding PG has been reported to improve energy supply by increasing blood ...
Effect of Breeding Protocols and Reproductive Tract Score on Reproductive Performance of Dairy Heifers and Economic Outcome of Breeding Programs1
Sep 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of reproductive protocols and reproductive tract score on reproductive performance of dairy heifers and economic outcomes of breeding programs. Holstein heifers (n = 534), 13 ± 1 mo of age, were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 ...
Influence of an Intramammary Infusion at Drying-Off of Combined Penethamate Hydriodide, Benethamine Penicillin, and Framycetin Sulfate on Intramammary Infections and Somatic Cell Counts in Dairy Sheep
Sep 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT The dynamics of intramammary infection (IMI) during the dry period were studied in 435 half-udders of 229 Assaf ewes, belonging to 2 flocks with high and medium IMI prevalences. Ewes were randomly assigned to 2 lots: 1) treated lot (TL) with 223 half-udders (118 ewes), which ...
Potential for Estimation of Body Condition Scores in Dairy Cattle from Digital Images
Sep 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Body condition scoring, an indirect measure of the level of subcutaneous fat in dairy cattle, has been widely adopted for research and field assessment or for management purposes on farms. The feasibility of utilizing digital images to determine body condition score (BCS) was ...
Short-Day Photoperiod Increases Milk Yield in Cows with a Reduced Dry Period Length
Sep 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Exposure of cows to a short-day photoperiod (SDPP; 8 h light: 16 h dark) during a 60-d dry period increases milk yield in the subsequent lactation compared with cows exposed to a long-day photoperiod (LDPP; 16 h light:8 h dark). Whereas the traditional recommendation for dry ...
Short Communication: Isolation of Prototheca Species Strains from Environmental Sources in Dairy Herds
Sep 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Composite milk samples from 548 cows, and samples from feces, feed, bedding, water, liners (before and after milking), and the postdipping product were aseptically collected from 2 Italian dairy herds from February to November of 2006. Prototheca zopfii was isolated from 11.9% ...
Prevotella bryantii 25A Used as a Probiotic in Early-Lactation Dairy Cows: Effect on Ruminal Fermentation Characteristics, Milk Production, and Milk Composition1
Sep 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Ingestion of high levels of rapidly fermented carbohydrates after parturition often leads to the production of excessive quantities of organic acids that may exceed the buffering capacity of the rumen and cause pH to drop. Ruminal acidosis results in animal discomfort, anorexia, ...
How Does Live Yeast Differ from Sodium Bicarbonate to Stabilize Ruminal pH in High-Yielding Dairy Cows?
Sep 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT The objectives of this study were to evaluate the capacity of 2 dietary feed additives, sodium bicarbonate and live yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain Sc 47), in optimizing ruminal pH in dairy cows and to determine their modes of action. Three early lactating Holstein cows, ...
The Effect of Feeding Dried Distillers Grains Plus Solubles on Milk Production and Excretion of Urinary Purine Derivatives1
Sep 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Two studies were performed to evaluate the effects of dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) on the lactational performance of dairy cows. The intent of experiment 1 was to evaluate the effects of feeding increasing concentrations of DDGS on the feed intake and production ...
Effects of Intravenous Infusion of Conjugated Diene 18:3 Isomers on Milk Fat Synthesis in Lactating Dairy Cows
Sep 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT It has been previously established that trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid plays an important role in milk fat depression (MFD). However, in many situations of dietary induced MFD, the reduction in milk fat synthesis is much greater than what would be predicted based on ...
Pasteurization of Colostrum Reduces the Incidence of Paratuberculosis in Neonatal Dairy Calves
Sep 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT In the present study, the potential benefits of feeding pasteurized colostrum were demonstrated in calves born to dams naturally infected with Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis. Calves were separated at birth from their dams and randomly allocated into a group fed either ...
Quantitative Trait Loci Underlying Udder Morphology Traits in Dairy Sheep
Sep 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT A genome scan was conducted on the basis of the daughter design to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) influencing udder morphology traits in Spanish Churra dairy sheep. A total of 739 ewes belonging to 11 half-sib families were genotyped for 182 microsatellite markers covering ...
Genotype × Environment Interaction for Milk Yield in Holsteins Using Luxembourg and Tunisian Populations
Sep 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Test-day (TD) milk yield records of first-lactation Holstein cows in Luxembourg and Tunisia were analyzed using within- and between-country random regression TD models. Edited data used for within-country analysis included 661,453 and 281,913 TD records in Luxembourg and ...
The Effect of Genetic Merit and Production System on Dairy Cow Fertility, Measured Using Progesterone Profiles and On-Farm Recording
Sep 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT The recent decline in dairy cow fertility appears to be a feature of several countries and is often linked to increased milk production, but its causes are not always obvious. A fully recorded 200-cow dairy herd, split into 2 genetic lines maintained on 2 production systems, was ...
Rumen Digestion and Nutritional Efficiency of Dairy Heifers Limit-Fed a High Forage Ration to Four Levels of Dry Matter Intake1
Sep 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Eight rumen-cannulated Holstein dairy heifers [beginning body weight (BW) 340 (±5) kg and age 14.5 (±1) mo] were fed a high forage diet at 4 levels of intake. Diets were composed of grass silage, grass hay, and corn silage as the forage components and offered at 1.25, 1.50, ...
Short Communication: Effect of Temporary Glycosuria on Molasses Consumption in Holstein Calves
Sep 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT This study was conducted to determine the effect of experimentally increased glucose demand on voluntary consumption of molasses by dairy calves. Three-week-old calves received 0.365 g of phlorizin by s.c. injection. Urinary output and molasses consumption were measured hourly, ...
Repeated Ruminal Acidosis Challenges in Lactating Dairy Cows at High and Low Risk for Developing Acidosis: Ruminal pH1
Sep 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT The primary objective of this experiment was to determine whether lactating dairy cows that are at high (HR) or low (LR) risk for experiencing ruminal acidosis, because of their diet and stage of lactation, differ in their response to an acidosis challenge. A secondary objective ...
Utilization and Partition of Dietary Nitrogen in Dairy Cows Fed Grass Silage-Based Diets
Sep 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Data from 207 production trials (998 treatment means) were used to study the effects of animal and dietary characteristics on the efficiency of N utilization for milk protein production, and on fecal N, urinary N, and total manure N output. The average efficiency of transferring ...
Genetic Parameters of Saturated and Monounsaturated Fatty Acid Content and the Ratio of Saturated to Unsaturated Fatty Acids in Bovine Milk
Sep 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Fatty acid composition influences the nutritional quality of milk and the technological properties of butter. Using a prediction of fatty acid (FA) contents by mid-infrared (MIR) spectrometry, a large amount of data concerning the FA profile in bovine milk was collected. The ...
Genetic Parameters Derived From Using a Biological Model of Lactation on Records of Commercial Dairy Cows
Sep 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT The object of this study was to investigate the genetics of lactation curve parameters derived from a biological model of lactation and the relationships among them. This biological model fitted 2 logistic curves to mimic the initial increase in milk secretory cell numbers in ...
Short Communication: Casein Haplotype Variability in Sicilian Dairy Goat Breeds
Sep 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT In the Mediterranean region, goat milk production is an important economic activity. In the present study, 4 casein genes were genotyped in 5 Sicilian goat breeds to 1) identify casein haplotypes present in the Argentata dell'Etna, Girgentana, Messinese, Derivata di Siria, and ...
Does Intensification Improve the Economic Efficiency of Dairy Farms?
Sep 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT In recent decades, the dairy sector has shown a global tendency toward intensification. This structural change may have significant effects on farm efficiency and, consequently, on the economic results of the farms. The goal of this study was to offer an empirical analysis of ...
Evaluation of Equations to Predict Dry Matter Intake of Dairy Heifers
Sep 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Daily pen dry matter intakes (DMI, n = 9,275) were collected over a 28-mo period at the University of Wisconsin's Integrated Dairy Research Facility. Heifers were housed in pens containing 8 Holstein or Holstein × Jersey crossbred heifers/pen. Heifer diets were formulated to ...
Death Losses for Lactating Cows in Herds Enrolled in Dairy Herd Improvement Test Plans
Sep 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Factors that affect frequency of death of lactating cows were studied for cows with records that terminated from 1995 through 2005. Analyses included effects of herd, year, month, parity, and lactation stage at lactation termination as well as cow breed and milk yield. A ...
Crossbreds of Jersey × Holstein Compared with Pure Holsteins for Body Weight, Body Condition Score, Dry Matter Intake, and Feed Efficiency During the First One Hundred Fifty Days of First Lactation
Sep 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Jersey × Holstein crossbred (J×H) cows (n = 24) were compared with pure Holstein cows (n = 17) for body weight, body condition score, dry matter intake (DMI), and feed efficiency during the first 150 d of first lactation. Cows were housed in the University of Minnesota dairy ...
Effects of Method of Presynchronization and Source of Selenium on Uterine Health and Reproduction in Dairy Cows
Sep 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of method of presynchronization and source of supplemental Se on uterine health and reproductive performance of lactating dairy cows. Holstein cows (n = 512) were assigned randomly to 2 methods of presynchronization, ...
A Conjugated Linoleic Acid Supplement Containing Trans-10, Cis-12 Conjugated Linoleic Acid Reduces Milk Fat Synthesis in Lactating Goats1
Sep 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT The effect of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplements containing trans-10, cis-12 for reducing milk fat synthesis has been well described in dairy cows and sheep. Studies on lactating goats, however, remain inconclusive. Therefore, the current study investigated the efficacy ...
Effects of Inflammatory Conditions on Liver Activity in Puerperium Period and Consequences for Performance in Dairy Cows
Sep 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT The relationship between inflammation and general health conditions in dairy cows and the link between inflammation, liver function, and fertility are poorly understood. To clarify these relationships, 120 multiparous dairy cows were followed throughout an entire lactation ....
Concentrations of Ganglioside Type M1 and Immunoglobulin G in Colostrum Are Inversely Related to Bacterial Infection at Early Lactation in Cows
Sep 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT The levels of IgG and ganglioside type M1 in the colostrum of cows and heifers were analyzed to examine their utility in predicting acquisition of intramammary infection (IMI) during the first weeks postpartum. In general, high levels of IgG and ganglioside type M1 in cows were ...
Impact of Chymosin- and Plasmin-Mediated Primary Proteolysis on the Growth and Biochemical Activities of Lactobacilli in Miniature Cheddar-Type Cheeses
Sep 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Strongly proteolytic starters seem to improve the growth of nonstarter lactobacilli during cheese ripening, but no information is available on the impact of the nonmicrobial proteases usually active in cheese on their development. In the current study, the influence of chymosin- ...
Acute Metabolic Responses of Postpartal Dairy Cows to Subcutaneous Glucagon Injections, Oral Glycerol, or Both1
Sep 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT This study examined the effects of multiple subcutaneous glucagon injections with or without co-administration of oral glycerol on energy status-related blood metabolites and hormones of Holstein dairy cows in the first 2 wk postpartum. Twenty multiparous cows were fed a dry cow ...
The Effect of Calcium-Naloxone Treatment on Blood Calcium, [beta]-Endorphin, and Acetylcholine in Milk Fever
Sep 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Milk fever is a postpartum syndrome of cows characterized by acute hypocalcemia, which reduces the release of acetylcholine (ACH), inducing flaccid paralysis and recumbency. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of calcium (Ca^sup 2+^) combined with naloxone (Nx, an opioid ...
Short Communication: New Alleles of the Bovine [kappa]-Casein Gene Revealed by Resequencing and Haplotype Inference Analysis
Sep 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT We tested the hypothesis that extensive undiscovered genetic diversity exists in important functional genes from domestic and wild cattle species (Bos spp.). We resequenced 483 bp of a key exon (exon IV) from the kappa (κ)-casein gene (CSN3) for a panel of samples of ...