Journal of Dairy Science back issues from November 2008:
Effect of Chitosan on the Rheological and Sensorial Characteristics of Apulia Spreadable Cheese
Nov 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT The effect of chitosan on the rheological and sensorial properties of Apulia spreadable cheese during storage time was evaluated. The investigated spreadable cheese samples were stored at 4°C. Storage modulus (G'), loss modulus (G"), tanδ, and the overall sensorial quality ...
Effects of Natural Compounds on Microbial Safety and Sensory Quality of Flor di Latte Cheese, a Typical Italian Cheese
Nov 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT This work presents a preliminary study to assess the efficiency of plant essential oils as natural food preservatives in Fior di Latte cheese. Selected compounds were directly dissolved into Fior di Latte brine. Packaged Fior di Latte samples were stored at 10°C for about 6 d ....
The Effect of High Pressure-Low Temperature Treatment on Physicochemical Properties in Milk
Nov 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT This study was carried out to investigate the effect of high pressure-low temperature (HPLT) treatment on physicochemical properties and nutrients in milk. The milk was treated at 200 MPa and -4°C for 10, 20, and 30 min. Protease and lipase activities of HPLT-treated milk were ...
Leptin Up-Regulates the Lactogenic Effect of Prolactin in the Bovine Mammary Gland In Vitro
Nov 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT The ability of leptin to up-regulate prolactin action in the mammary gland is well established. We examined the effect of leptin and prolactin on traits associated with lactation. Leptin and prolactin enhanced proliferation (thymidine incorporation) of the mammary gland cells, ...
Nutrition, Metabolism, and Fertility in Dairy Cows: 3. Amino Acids and Ovarian Function
Nov 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Plasma insulin concentrations influence resumption of ovarian activity in postpartum dairy cows, and plasma insulin can be manipulated by changing dietary starch and fat supply. The objective of this experiment was to investigate the role of dietary amino acids in altering ...
Microstructural Changes in Fat During the Ripening of Iranian Ultrafiltered Feta Cheese
Nov 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT In this study, fat globules in Iranian ultrafiltered Feta cheese (3 to 60 d) were directly observed during the ripening period by scanning electron microscopy. According to images of ultrafiltered Feta cheese samples obtained by scanning electron microscopy, individual fat ...
A Model to Assess Lactic Acid Bacteria Aminopeptidase Activities in Parmigiano Reggiano Cheese During Ripening
Nov 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to investigate in which phases of ripening of Parmigiano Reggiano cheese lactic acid bacteria aminopeptidases present in cheese extract could be involved in release of free amino acids and to better understand the behavior of these enzymes in ...
Invited Review: Crossbreeding in Dairy Cattle: A Danish Perspective
Nov 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT The value of crossbreeding in livestock species has been known for a long time; it has been used heavily within beef cattle, pig, and poultry production systems for several decades. This has not been the case for dairy production but lately there has been increased interest in ...
Letter to the Editor: Pasteurization Temperature of Milk: A Comment on Gandy et al. (2008)/Letter to the Editor: A Response to the Comments of Bendall and Pearce (2008)
Nov 01, 2008; ... J. G. Bendall1 and L. E. Pearce1 Fonterra Research Centre, Dairy Farm Road, Private Bag 11029, Palmerston North, New Zealand Commercial pasteurization has proven over a century to be a highly effective and reliable means to provide consumers with microbiologically safe fluid ...
Proteomic Analysis of Differentially Expressed Proteins in Bovine Milk During Experimentally Induced Escherichia coli Mastitis
Nov 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT The objectives of the current study were to profile changes in protein composition using 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis on whey samples from a group of 8 cows before and 18 h after infection with Escherichia coli and to identify differentially expressed milk proteins by ...
NEWS AND ANNOUNCEMENTS
Nov 01, 2008; ... ADSA Member News . . . Discover Conference 16: Direct Fed Microbials/ Prebiotics for Animals: Science and Mechanisms of Action The sixteenth Discover Conference will be held April 19-22, 2009, at the Brown County Inn, Nashville, Indiana. This Discover conference will ...
Effect of Calcium on the Physical Properties of Stirred Probiotic Yogurt
Nov 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT The effect of calcium on the viscosity, firmness, and smoothness, as determined by extent of nodulation, of stirred probiotic yogurt produced by bacterial fermentation was investigated. Standardized milk for yogurt manufacture was prepared, and calcium was added or removed from ...
The Effect of a Shortened Dry Period on Intramammary Infections During the Subsequent Lactation1
Nov 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Several recent studies have investigated the effect of shortened dry periods on milk production in the subsequent lactation. What is lacking from these studies is an understanding of the effect that a shortened dry period has on udder health. Four herds, 156 cows, were studied ...
An Observational Analysis of Twin Births, Calf Stillbirth, Calf Sex Ratio, and Abortion in Iranian Holsteins
Nov 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Calving records of Holstein dairy cows from April 1998 to September 2006 comprising 16 herds with 104,572 calving events representing 4,045 twin births were used to evaluate reported twinning rate, calf sex ratio, stillbirth, and abortion rates in single and twin births ....
Effect of Time of Artificial Insemination and Supplemental Estradiol on Reproduction of Lactating Dairy Cows
Nov 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Our objectives were to compare reproductive responses of dairy cows receiving timed artificial insemination (AI) either at 48 or 72 h after induction of luteolysis and supplemented or not with estradiol cypionate (ECP). Holstein cows (971) had their estrous cycles ...
Artificial Lighting During Winter Increases Milk Yield in Dairy Ewes
Nov 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT In Australia, the supply of sheep milk is reduced during the winter. Housing dairy animals under lights during winter is a simple technique to increase milk yield; however, it is difficult to predict the magnitude of this increase in dairy ewes, because there are few ...
Short Communication: Early Detection of Mastitis Using Infrared Thermography in Dairy Cows1
Nov 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Infrared thermography (IRT) absorbs infrared radiation and generates images based on the amount of heat generated. It has been used in human medicine for diagnosis of various cancers. This experiment was conducted to determine if IRT had merit for early detection of subclinical ...
Effects of Feed Delivery Time on Feed Intake, Milk Production, and Blood Metabolites of Dairy Cows
Nov 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT The objective of the study was to determine the effects of feed delivery time and its interactions with dietary concentrate inclusion and parity on milk production and on 24-h averages and patterns of feed intake and blood metabolites. Four multiparous and 4 primiparous ...
Occurrence of Mycotoxins in Feedstuffs of Dairy Cows and Estimation of Total Dietary Intakes
Nov 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT A survey was conducted to determine the occurrence of mycotoxins in feedstuffs of dairy cows in the Netherlands and to estimate total dietary intakes of these compounds. Twenty-four dairy farms were visited twice and samples taken of all diet ingredients. Feed intake data were ...
Low Permeability to Oxygen of a New Barrier Film Prevents Butyric Acid Bacteria Spore Formation in Farm Corn Silage
Nov 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT The outgrowth of Clostridium spore-forming bacteria causes late blowing in cheeses. Recently, the role of air diffusion during storage and feed-out and the role of aerobic deterioration has been shown to indirectly favor butyric acid bacteria (BAB) growth and to determine the ...
Modeling Nutrient Fluxes and Plasma Ketone Bodies in Periparturient Cows
Nov 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT A mechanistic model was developed to study the interrelationship between glucose and lipid metabolism in periparturient cows. The driving variables were dry matter intake, feed composition, calf birth weight, milk production, and milk components. The response variables were body ...
Evaluation of a Mechanistic Model of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Periparturient Cows
Nov 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT A mechanistic model was previously developed to quantitatively describe glucose and lipid metabolism in periparturient cows. The objectives of the current study were to evaluate the accuracy and precision of the model by comparing predictions to data collected in an independent ...
Short Communication: Effect of Changing the Ratio of Forage to Concentrate on Ammonia Emissions by Dairy Heifers1
Nov 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Two animal growth studies and a companion digestibility study were conducted to evaluate the effect of differing ratios of forage to concentrate and the addition of yeast culture (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on NH^sub 3^ emissions from the manure of growing dairy heifers with corn ...
Short Communication: Effect of Postgrazing Residual Pasture Height on Milk Production
Nov 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT In grazing systems, dry matter intake (DMI) and milk production have been reported to increase with increasing pasture allowance (PA). This has often led to greater postgrazing residual heights being associated with a well-fed cow. However, in previous studies pastures were ...
Fine Mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci on Bovine Chromosome 6 Affecting Calving Difficulty
Nov 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Calving difficulty is an economically and ethically important trait for dairy cattle breeding. The aim of the present paper was to refine the position of a previously detected quantitative trait locus (QTL) affecting calving difficulty (direct effect) in Norwegian Red dairy ...
Genetic Relationship of Body Energy and Blood Metabolites with Reproduction in Holstein Cows
Nov 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Body condition score (BCS), energy content (EC), cumulative effective energy balance (CEEB), and blood serum concentrations of glucose, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) were measured throughout first lactation in 497 Holstein cows raised on a ...
Genetic Evaluation of Fertility Traits of Dairy Cattle Using a Multiple-Trait Animal Model
Nov 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT A genetic evaluation system was developed for 5 fertility traits of dairy cattle: interval from first to successful insemination and nonreturn rate to 56 d of heifers, and interval from calving to first insemination, nonreturn rate to 56 d, and interval first to successful ...
Strategies for Estimating Genetic Parameters in Marker-Assisted Best Linear Unbiased Predictor Models in Dairy Cattle
Nov 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT An appropriate strategy to estimate variance components and breeding values in genetic models with quantitative trait loci (QTL) was developed for a dairy cattle breeding scheme by utilizing simulated data. Reliable estimates for variance components in QTL models are a ...
Incorporation of Discrete Genotype Effects for Multiple Genes into Animal Model Evaluations when only a Small Fraction of the Population Has Been Genotyped
Nov 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT An efficient algorithm is described for markerassisted selection appropriate for large populations, even though only a small fraction of the population is genotyped. Genotype probabilities for specific loci are computed for all animals without genotypes. Effects of the ...
Genetic and Phenotypic Relationships Among Milk Urea Nitrogen, Fertility, and Milk Yield in Holstein Cows
Nov 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT The aims of the study were to evaluate the relationships among milk urea nitrogen and nonreturn rates at the phenotypic scale, and to estimate genetic parameters among milk urea nitrogen, milk yield, and fertility traits in the early period of lactation. Milk yield, protein ...
Mapping Quantitative Trait Loci for Left-Sided Displacement of the Abomasum in German Holstein Dairy Cows
Nov 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT A whole-genome scan using an affected paternal half-sib design was utilized to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) for left-sided displaced abomasum (LDA) in German Holsteins. A total of 360 animals from 14 paternal half-sib families were genotyped, for a total of 306 ...
Inferring Genetic Parameters of Lactation in Tropical Milking Criollo Cattle with Random Regression Test-Day Models
Nov 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT This study inferred genetic and permanent environmental variation of milk yield in Tropical Milking Criollo cattle and compared 5 random regression test-day models using Wilmink's function and Legendre polynomials. Data consisted of 15,377 test-day records from 467 Tropical ...
Effects of Breed and Feeding System on Milk Production, Body Weight, Body Condition Score, Reproductive Performance, and Postpartum Ovarian Function
Nov 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to investigate the potential differences among Holstein-Friesian (HF), Montbéliarde (MB), Normande (NM), Norwegian Red (NRF), Montbéliarde × Holstein-Friesian (MBX), and Normande × Holstein-Friesian (NMX) across 2 seasonal grass-based systems of ...
Short Communication: Genotype by Housing Interaction for Conformation and Workability Traits in Danish Holsteins
Nov 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT A total of 30,190 first-parity Danish Holstein cows housed in free stalls or tie stalls were analyzed to quantify to what degree genotype by housing interaction existed for 21 conformation and 2 workability traits. Each trait measured in different housing systems was treated as ...
Short Communication: Use of Culling Information in Genetic Evaluation of Fertility and Mastitis in Norwegian Red Cows
Nov 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Breeding values for clinical mastitis, interval from calving to first insemination, and 56-d nonreturn rate for heifers and primiparous cows, were predicted using multivariate linear-threshold sire models, with or without including information on culling during the first ...
Short Communication: Correlated Selection Responses in Somatic Cell Count from Selection Against Clinical Mastitis
Nov 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Correlated selection responses in lactation mean somatic cell score (LSCS) were estimated for groups of cows selected for high protein yield and low mastitis frequency, respectively. Selection for increased milk production resulted in an unfavorable correlated response for LSCS, ...
Short Communication: Exploring Patterns of Variation in Conformation Data by Means of Principal Components Analysis
Nov 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT To explore patterns of variation in Holstein conformation data, 19 genetic correlation matrices from the May 2006 Interbull routine international sire genetic evaluation were reparameterized using an approximate factor analysis. For the udder traits teat length and rear teat ...
Cow Body Shape and Automation of Condition Scoring
Nov 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT The feasibility of including a body shape measure in methods for automatic monitoring of body reserves of cattle was evaluated. The hypothesis tested was that the body shape of a fatter cow is rounder than that of a thin cow and, therefore, may better fit a parabolic shape. An ...
Erratum to "Modeling Nuisance Variables for Prediction of Service Sire Fertility" (J. Dairy Sci. 91:2823-2835)
Nov 01, 2008; ... M. T. Kuhn, J. L. Hutchison, and H. D. Norman The scalar variances for random effects on page 2826 are incorrect and should be 0.00011 for ...
Short Communication: The [beta]-Casein (CSN2) Silent Allele C1 Is Highly Spread in Goat Breeds
Nov 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Several single nucleotide polymorphisms have been identified in the goat milk casein genes, most of them modifying the amino acid sequence of the coded protein. At least 9 variants have been found in goat β-CN (CSN2); 6 of them were characterized at the DNA level (A, Al, C, ...