Journal of Dairy Science back issues from December 2008:
NEWS AND ANNOUNCEMENTS
Dec 01, 2008; ... ADSA Member News . . . ADSA Member Larry R. Miller Inducted into CSREES Hall of Fame Larry R. Miller, Centreville, Maryland, was inducted into Hall of Fame October 21, 2008, by the Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (CSREES) at USDA in Washington, DC ....
Letter to the Editor: New Terminology in the Journal of Dairy Science
Dec 01, 2008; ... In some recently published papers in the Journal of Dairy Science, new terminology was introduced. The terms were new at least to me as a nonnative speaker of English. I would like to know the definition for the term "generic mastitis" (Bar et al., 2008) and how it differs from the simple term ...
Effect of Mixing During Fermentation in Yogurt Manufacturing
Dec 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT In traditional yogurt manufacturing, the yogurt is not agitated during fermentation. However, stirring could be beneficial, particularly for improving heat and mass transport across the fermentation tank. In this contribution, we studied the effect of low-speed agitation during ...
Characterization of Human Mucin (MUC15) and Identification of Ovine and Caprine Orthologs
Dec 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT The glycoprotein MUC15 (mucin 15) was initially isolated from the bovine milk fat globule membrane. The present work demonstrates the existence of immunologically similar proteins (~130 kDa) in ovine, caprine, porcine, and buffalo milk samples. Purification and N-terminal amino ...
French Marine Bark Extract Pycnogenol as a Possible Enrichment Ingredient for Yogurt
Dec 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT The influence of Pycnogenol, French marine bark extract, added to yogurt preparation on the viability of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus and on pH, titratable acidity, macronutrients, and folate content were evaluated throughout the shelf ...
Effect of Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate on the Physicochemical Properties of Yogurt Gels
Dec 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT The effect of tetrasodium pyrophosphate (TSPP) on the properties of yogurt gels was investigated. Various concentrations (0.05 to 0.2%) of TSPP were added to preheated (85°C for 30 min) reconstituted skim milk, which was readjusted to pH 6.50. Milk was inoculated with 2% starter ...
Characterization of the Rheological, Textural, and Sensory Properties of Samples of Commercial US Cream Cheese with Different Fat Contents
Dec 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT In this study, 18 commercial samples of cream cheeses from the United States, including full-fat, Neufchatel or one-third less fat, and fat-free cheeses were analyzed for their rheological, textural, and sensory properties. Dynamic rheological properties were measured by ...
Prebiotic Properties of Epilactose
Dec 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT We recently reported that cellobiose 2-epimerase from Ruminococcus albus effectively converted lactose to epilactose. In this study, we examined the biological effects of epilactose on intestinal microbiota, bile acid metabolism, and postadministrative plasma glucose by animal ...
Comparative Study on Heat Stability and Functionality of Camel and Bovine Milk Whey Proteins
Dec 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Heat stability, emulsifying, and foaming properties of camel whey have been investigated and compared with that of bovine whey. Camel whey is similar to bovine whey in composition, but is deficient in β-lactoglubulin (β-LG), a major component of bovine whey. Whether ...
Short Communication: Culture-Independent Detection of Lactic Acid Bacteria Bacteriocin Genes in Two Traditional Slovenian Raw Milk Cheeses and Their Microbial Consortia
Dec 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Two Slovenian traditional raw milk cheeses, Tolminc (from cows' milk) and Kraski (from ewes' milk), were examined for the presence of 19 lactic acid bacteria bacteriocin genes by PCR analysis of total DNA extracts from 9 cheeses and from consortia of strains isolated from these ...
Molecular Epidemiology and Population Structure of Bovine Streptococcus uberis
Dec 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT The molecular epidemiology and population structure of 30 bovine subclinical mastitis field isolates of Streptococcus uberis, collected from 6 Portuguese herds (among 12 farms screened) during 2002 and 2003, were examined by using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) for ...
Lameness, Activity Time-Budgets, and Estrus Expression in Dairy Cattle
Dec 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to identify specific behavioral patterns that contribute to diminished estrus expression in lame cows. Behavioral scan and focal sampling were used to examine the effect of lameness on daily activity budgets, sexual behavior, feeding activities, ...
Automatic Detection of Clinical Mastitis Is Improved by In-Line Monitoring of Somatic Cell Count
Dec 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT This study explored the potential value of in-line composite somatic cell count (ISCC) sensing as a sole criterion or in combination with quarter-based electrical conductivity (EC) of milk, for automatic detection of clinical mastitis (CM) during automatic milking. Data ...
Increasing Heat Stress Relief Produced by Coupled Coat Wetting and Forced Ventilation
Dec 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Coupling repeated wetting of the coat and forced ventilation is most efficient in removing heat stress in more humid climates. The procedure was initiated approximately 24 yr ago and is widely used, but the impact of air velocity on the efficiency of heat stress relief has not ...
Precipitation and Temperature Effects on Mortality and Lactation Parameters of Dairy Cattle in California
Dec 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Data from 3 commercial rendering companies located in different regions of California were analyzed from September 2003 through August 2005 to examine the relationship of dairy calf and cow mortality to monthly average daily temperature and total monthly precipitation ...
Detection of Clinical Mastitis with the Help of a Thermal Camera
Dec 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Increasing dairy farm size and increase in automation in livestock production require that new methods are used to monitor animal health. In this study, a thermal camera was tested for its capacity to detect clinical mastitis. Mastitis was experimentally induced in 6 cows with ...
Economy, Efficacy, and Feasibility of a Risk-Based Control Program Against Paratuberculosis
Dec 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Long-term effects of paratuberculosis on within-herd prevalence and on-farm economy of implementing riskbased control strategies were compared with alternative strategies by using a herd-simulation model. Closing transmission routes is essential for effective control of ...
Colostrum and Milk as Risk Factors for Infection with Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in Dairy Cattle
Dec 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP) infections cause major losses to the dairy industry. Transmission of MAP occurs primarily via feces and in utero, but MAP can also be excreted in colostrum and milk. The objective of this study was to determine whether colostrum ...
Concentrations of Progesterone and Insulin in Serum of Nonlactating Dairy Cows in Response to Carbohydrate Source and Processing
Dec 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of carbohydrate source and processing on serum progesterone (P4) and insulin concentrations of nonlactating dairy cows. In experiment 1, 12 ovariectomized grazing Gir × Holstein cows were stratified by body weight and ...
Evaluation of Udder Cisterns and Effects on Milk Yield of Dairy Ewes
Dec 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Nine Manchega (0.94 L/d) and 10 Lacaune (2.07 L/d) ewes at the same stage of lactation (90 d in milk) were used to study the interbreed differences in milk yield, mammary morphological traits, and machine-milking ability. Udder traits were measured after 6 h of udder filling ...
Mortality, Culling by Sixty Days in Milk, and Production Profiles in High- and Low-Survival Pennsylvania Herds
Dec 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT The objectives were to describe culling patterns and reasons for culling across lactation, estimate mortality and the proportion of cows leaving from 21 d before an expected calving date through 60 d in milk (DIM; CULL60) for Pennsylvania (PA) dairy herds, and to describe ...
Progesterone, Follicular, and Estrual Responses to Progesterone-Based Estrus and Ovulation Synchronization Protocols at Five Stages of the Estrous Cycle1
Dec 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT The objective was to monitor changes in ovarian status in heifers exposed to a progesterone insert with or without concurrent GnRH injection. Estrus was manipulated in 283 heifers (31 breeding clusters) by administering GnRH, progesterone, and PGF^sub 2α^ at 5 stages of ...
The Effect of Out-Wintering Pad Design on the Synchrony of Dairy Cow Behavior
Dec 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT The study investigated differences in behavior synchrony of dairy cows during the winter confinement period when managed in 1 of 3 out-wintering pad (OWP) systems, or indoors in free-stall housing. There were 2 replicates of each treatment, and observations were carried out on 3 ...
Comparison of Reticular and Rectal Core Body Temperatures in Lactating Dairy Cows
Dec 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT The Phase IV Cattle Temperature Monitoring System (CTMS; Phase IV Engineering Inc., Boulder, CO) marketed by MaGiiX (MaGiiX Inc., Post Falls, ID) uses a passive bolus equipped with a temperature sensor, a panel reader placed at a parlor entrance or exit to query the bolus, and a ...
Comfort Zone-Design Free Stalls: Do They Influence the Stall Use Behavior of Lame Cows?
Dec 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT The behavior of 59 cows in 4 herds, each with Comfort Zone-design free stalls with dimensions suitable for 700-kg, mature Holstein dairy cows, was filmed for a 48-h period. Comparison was made between nonlame, slightly lame, and moderately lame cows on either rubber-crumb-filled ...
Short Communication: Scoring of Digital Dermatitis During Milking as an Alternative to Scoring in a Hoof Trimming Chute
Dec 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Digital dermatitis is a serious problem in dairy production in many countries. In many settings, it is important to evaluate the digital dermatitis status of individual cows or an entire dairy herd. Such an evaluation has traditionally been done in a hoof trimming chute. An ...
Short Communication: Elevated Concentrations of Oleic Acid and Long-Chain Fatty Acids in Milk Fat of Multiparous Subclinical Ketotic Cows
Dec 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine whether concentrations of specific fatty acids in milk fat are a candidate for the early detection of subclinical ketosis. The case study included multiparous cows fed a lipogenic diet or a mixed glucogenic:lipogenic diet during the ...
Oilseed Lipid Supplements and Fatty Acid Composition of Cow Milk: A Meta-Analysis
Dec 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Numerous experiments have studied the use of oilseed supplements in cow diets to alter milk fatty acid (FA) composition, but no quantitative synthesis of these studies is currently available. This article reports a meta-analysis of the response of cow milk FA composition to ...
Lactation Performance of Mid-Lactation Dairy Cows Fed Ruminally Degradable Protein at Concentrations Lower Than National Research Council Recommendations1
Dec 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to test whether feeding of diets containing lower proportions of ruminally degradable protein (RDP) but with a constant proportion of ruminally undegradable protein (RUP) alters feed intake, milk production and yield, and the apparent efficiency of N ...
Effect of Dietary Starch or Micro Algae Supplementation on Rumen Fermentation and Milk Fatty Acid Composition of Dairy Cows
Dec 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Two experiments with rumen-fistulated dairy cows were conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22:6 n-3)-enriched diets or diets provoking a decreased rumen pH on milk fatty acid composition. In the first experiment, dietary treatments were tested ...
Long-Term Infusions of Ghrelin and Obestatin in Early Lactation Dairy Cows
Dec 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Ghrelin is an endogenous ligand of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor and a potential orexigenic agent in monogastrics and ruminants. Obestatin has been reported to have the opposite (anorexigenic) effect. Fifty one multiparous cows were randomly allocated to 1 of 3 groups ...
Effects of Dietary Crude Protein on Protein and Fat Deposition in Milk-Fed Veal Calves
Dec 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Research on veal calf production has focused on maximizing lean tissue growth. Nevertheless, limited attention has been paid to the evolution of digestive and metabolic utilization of N and energy as calves get older, whereas age at slaughter increases. The objective of this ...
Corn Silage Partially Replacing Short Alfalfa Hay to Optimize Forage Use in Total Mixed Rations for Lactating Cows
Dec 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT We theorized that adding corn silage to a total mixed ration with alfalfa hay as the sole dietary forage would improve nutrient intake and chewing activity and thereby improve rumen fermentation and milk production. The objective of this research was to determine the effects of ...
Digestion, Ruminal Fermentation, Ciliate Protozoal Populations, and Milk Production from Dairy Cows Fed Cinnamaldehyde, Quebracho Condensed Tannin, or Yucca schidigera Saponin Extracts1
Dec 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Four ruminally cannulated lactating cows were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design (28-d periods) to determine the effects of cinnamaldehyde (CIN; 1 g/cow per day), condensed tannins from quebracho trees (QCT, containing 70% tannins, 150 g/cow per day), and saponins from Yucca ...
The Effect of Silage and Concentrate Type on Intake Behavior, Rumen Function, and Milk Production in Dairy Cows in Early and Late Lactation
Dec 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of feeding total mixed rations (TMR) that differ in structural and nonstructural carbohydrates to dairy cows in early and late lactation on short-term feed intake, dry matter intake (DMI), rumen fermentation variables, ...
A Blend of Essential Plant Oils Used as an Additive to Alter Silage Fermentation or Used as a Feed Additive for Lactating Dairy Cows
Dec 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT A blend of essential plant oils was evaluated for its effects on silage fermentation and animal performance. In the first experiment, the blend of essential oils was mixed with freshly chopped whole-plant corn to achieve a concentration of 0, 40, or 80 mg of active product per ...
Effect on Production of Replacing Dietary Starch with Sucrose in Lactating Dairy Cows1
Dec 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Replacing dietary starch with sugar has been reported to improve production in dairy cows. Two sets of 24 Holstein cows averaging 41 kg/d of milk were fed a covariate diet, blocked by days in milk, and randomly assigned in 2 phases to 4 groups of 6 cows each. Cows were fed ...
Effects of Dietary Protein and Energy Levels on Cow Manure Excretion and Ammonia Volatilization
Dec 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Adjusting dietary composition is considered an effective way to reduce nutrient losses to the environment. The effects of various dietary protein and energy levels on manure composition (Ca, Mg, K, Na, N, P, and pH) were studied by determining total and direct available (free) ...
Prediction of the Nutrient Content in Dairy Manure Using Artificial Neural Network Modeling
Dec 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Nutrients in animal manure are valuable inputs in agronomic crop production. Timely and reliable information on animal manure nutrient content will facilitate the utilization of manure as organic fertilizer and reduce any associated potential environmental problems. The ...
Technical Note: Effect of Sample Processing Procedures on Measurement of Starch in Corn Silage and Corn Grain1
Dec 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Methods for processing feedstuffs before analysis can affect analytical results. Effects of drying temperature (corn silage), preservation method (corn grain), and grinding method (corn silage and grain) on starch analysis values were evaluated. Corn silage samples dried at 55 ...
Technical Note: A Method to Quantify Prolamin Proteins in Corn That Are Negatively Related to Starch Digestibility in Ruminants
Dec 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Compared with floury or high-moisture corns, dry corn with a greater percentage of vitreous endosperm has been demonstrated to be negatively related to starch digestibility and milk yield of lactating dairy cows. Starch granules in corn are encapsulated by hydrophobic prolamin ...
Genotype by Environment Interaction for Fertility, Survival, and Milk Production Traits in Australian Dairy Cattle
Dec 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT The existence of a genotype × environment interaction (G × E) for fertility traits, survival, and milk yield traits was examined by considering performance recorded in different calving systems (seasonal, split, and year round) or regions as different traits. For fertility ...
Implication of Complex Vertebral Malformation and Bovine Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency DNA-Based Testing on Disease Frequency in the Holstein Population
Dec 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Two inherited lethal disorders, bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency (BLAD) and complex vertebral malformation (CVM), play a major role in breeding of Holstein cattle. Both inherited diseases are based on single nucleotide polymorphisms that have been known for 12 and 7 yr, ...
The Use of Data from Sampling for Bacteriology for Genetic Selection Against Clinical Mastitis
Dec 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT One breeding objective of Dutch cattle breeders is to improve genetic resistance against clinical and subclinical mastitis. Because of a lack of direct mastitis information, udder health breeding values are based on indirect traits. Inclusion of direct information on clinical ...
Prediction of Future Uniform Milk Prices in Florida Federal Milk Marketing Order 6 from Milk Futures Markets
Dec 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT This study assessed the accuracy of 3 methods that predict the uniform milk price in Federal Milk Marketing Order 6 (Florida). Predictions were made for 1 to 12 mo into the future. Data were from January 2003 to May 2007. The CURRENT method assumed that future uniform milk ...
Improved Feed Protein Fractionation Schemes for Formulating Rations with the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System
Dec 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Adequate predictions of rumen-degradable protein (RDP) and rumen-undegradable protein (RUP) supplies are necessary to optimize performance while minimizing losses of excess nitrogen (N). The objectives of this study were to evaluate the original Cornell Net Carbohydrate Protein ...
ADSA® Presidential Report
Dec 01, 2008; ... I was honored and privileged to serve as president of ADSA this past year, both for the opportunity to lead our highly regarded association, and to work with so many wonderful and dedicated volunteer leaders. My goal was to leave the association in better shape than I found it, and I think I may ...
2008 Fellows of the American Dairy Science Association
Dec 01, 2008; ... The 2008 elected fellows were recognized at the Awards Program of the American Dairy Science Association in Indianapolis, Indiana, on July 9, 2008. Election to Fellow is one of the highest honors that the Association bestows. The Fellow Award recognizes ADSA members for their distinguished ...
Awards Program of the American Dairy Science Association
Dec 01, 2008; ... The Annual Awards Program of the American Dairy Science Association and installation of new officers was held on July 9, 2008, at the Marriott Hotel, Indianapolis, Indiana. Past President Gary Hartnell read the citations, and representatives of the donors presented the awards. The association ...
2008 ADSA-ASAS Sectional Awards
Dec 01, 2008; ... 2008 Northeast ADSA-ASAS Distinguished Service Award Steven Zinn is a full professor with a research/ teaching appointment in the Department of Animal Science at the University of Connecticut. Over the past 28 years, Zinn has provided excellent service to his community, his ...
Expression and Characterization of Bioactive Recombinant Human [alpha]-Lactalbumin in the Milk of Transgenic Cloned Cows
Dec 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT Improvement of the nutritional value of cow milk with transgenic expression of recombinant human a-lactalbumin (α-LA) has been previously attempted. However, the detailed characterization of the recombinant protein and analysis of the transgenic milk components are not ...