Learning & Behavior back issues from August 2005:
Humidity as an aversive stimulus in learning in Drosophila melanogaster
Aug 01, 2005; ... The learned suppression of photopositive tendencies was studied at the individual level in young flies of both sexes. In a T-maze, flies had to choose between an arm leading to a lighted vial associated with an aversive stimulus (i.e., a solution of quinine chlorhydrate deposited on a filter ...
Response rate is not an effective mediator of learned stimulus equivalence in pigeons
Aug 01, 2005; ... We explored response rate as a possible mediator of learned stimulus equivalence. Five pigeons were trained to discriminate four clip art pictures presented during a 10-sec discrete-trial fixed interval (FI) schedule: two paired with a one-pellet reinforcer, which supported a low rate of ...
Remembering: The role of extraneous reinforcement
Aug 01, 2005; ... In two experiments, pigeons' responding on an extraneous task was explicitly reinforced during delayed matching-to-sample trials. In Experiment 1, red or green sample stimuli were followed by retention intervals of 0.2, 1, 4, or 12 sec, during which pecks to a white center key were reinforced ...
Discriminative stimuli that follow the absence of reinforcement are preferred by pigeons over those that follow reinforcement
Aug 01, 2005; ... Clement, Feltus, Kaiser, and Zentall (2000) found that when pigeons have to work to obtain a discriminative stimulus that is followed by reinforcement, they prefer a discriminative stimulus that requires greater effort over one that requires less effort. The authors suggested that such a ...
The role of habituation of the response to LiCl in the US-preexposure effect
Aug 01, 2005; ... In two experiments, rats received preexposure consisting of six intraperitoneal injections of lithium chloride (LiCl). This treatment reduced the magnitude of the unconditioned response (UR; suppressed consumption of a novel flavor) evoked by an additional injection (Experiment 1) or by oral ...
Anxiolytic-like effect of ejaculation upon frustration
Aug 01, 2005; ... In three experiments, we studied the consequences of ejaculation upon the frustrative or contrast response of male rats exposed to reward downshift situations (i.e., surprising changes from 32% to 4% sucrose solutions). Similar to what has been found after treatment with anxiolytic agents, ...
Looking for inhibition of return in pigeons
Aug 01, 2005; ... We conducted four experiments in order to investigate whether pigeons' responses to a recently attended (i.e., recently pecked) location are inhibited. In Experiments 1 and 2, stimulus displays were similar to those used in studies of inhibition of return (IOR) with humans; responses to cued ...
Relationship between cooperation in an iterated prisoner's dilemma game and the discounting of hypothetical outcomes
Aug 01, 2005; ... A number of authors have proposed that preference for a larger, delayed reward in delay discounting is similar to cooperation in a repeated prisoner's dilemma game versus tit-for-tat. This proposal was examined by correlating delay-discounting (Experiment 1) and probability-discounting ...
Stimulus specificity of concurrent recovery in the rabbit nictitating membrane response
Aug 01, 2005; ... Three experiments demonstrated that, following the extinction of an established conditioned stimulus (CS; e.g., tone), the pairing of an orthogonal stimulus from another modality (e.g., light) with the unconditioned stimulus (US) results in strong recovery of responding to the extinguished CS ....
Disruption of latent inhibition by interpolation of task-irrelevant stimulation between preexposure and conditioning
Aug 01, 2005; ... Latent inhibition refers to attenuated responding to a conditioned stimulus (CS) that was repeatedly presented without reinforcement prior to the CS-unconditioned stimulus (US) pairings. Using water-deprived rats as subjects, we observed that interpolating task-irrelevant stimulation between the ...