Learning & Behavior back issues from August 2006:
Dynamic object recognition in pigeons and humans
Aug 01, 2006; ... We investigated the role of dynamic information in human and pigeon object recognition. Both species were trained to discriminate between two objects that each had a characteristic motion, so that either cue could be used to perform the task successfully. The objects were either easy or ...
Determinants of range effects in face recognition
Aug 01, 2006; ... The effects of test stimulus range on generalization gradients in humans were assessed for discriminations between faces that varied in brightness, faces that varied in orientation in the picture plane, and morphed faces. In Experiment 1, significant range effects, predicted by adaptation level ...
Processing of conflicting and redundant stimulus information by pigeons
Aug 01, 2006; ... Selective attention in processing of visual information by pigeons, trained on alternating sessions with two colors (red and green) and two forms (a diamond and an X shape) differentially associated with a left-right key choice task, was examined. A color and a form were presented together on ...
Rats' performance on an interval time-place task: Increasing sequence complexity
Aug 01, 2006; ... Rats were trained on an interval time-place learning (TPL) task in which the location of food availability depended on the time since the start of the session. Each of four levers (numbered 1, 2, 3, 4) provided food on an intermittent schedule for two nonconsecutive 3-min periods. The order in ...
Divided attention performance and the matching law
Aug 01, 2006; ... This experiment examined the applicability of the generalized matching law to changes in divided-attention performance produced by variations in relative reinforcement rate. Pigeons were exposed to a delayed matching-to-sample procedure in which compound samples (color + line orientation) and ...
Acquisition and extinction of conditioned nicotine analgesic tolerance
Aug 01, 2006; ... These studies demonstrated the acquisition and extinction of conditioned tolerance to the analgesic effect of nicotine in rats. In Experiment 1, distinctive environmental cues were either paired or unpaired with nicotine. Following acquisition, the paired group was more tolerant to nicotine than ...
The pattern of responding after extensive extinction
Aug 01, 2006; ... Extensive extinction greatly reduces response rate and increases the relative frequency of short interresponse times, but does not affect temporal learning or operant response rate. In each of two experiments, 24 rats were trained in a multiple cued interval procedure with three stimuli (noise, ...
Attention and salience in associative blocking
Aug 01, 2006; ... The associative learning effect called blocking has previously been found in many cue-competition paradigms where all cues are of equal salience. Previous research by Hall, Mackintosh, Goodall, and dal Martello (1977) found that, in animals, salient cues were less likely to be blocked ....
Conditioning of tentacle lowering in the snail (Helix aspersa): Acquisition, latent inhibition, overshadowing, second-order conditioning, and sensory preconditioning
Aug 01, 2006; ... In a series of related experiments, we studied associative phenomena in snails (Helix aspersa), using the conditioning procedure of tentacle lowering. Experiments 1A and 1B demonstrated a basic conditioning effect in which the pairing of an odor (apple) as the conditioned stimulus (CS) with the ...
Conditioning-specific reflex modification of the rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) nictitating membrane response is sensitive to context
Aug 01, 2006; ... Conditioning-specific reflex modification occurs when an unconditioned response is modified in the absence of the conditioned stimulus as a result of pairings of the conditioned stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus. In two experiments, we assessed conditioning-specific reflex modification in ...