Monthly Weather Review back issues from October 2007:
Total Lightning Signatures of Thunderstorm Intensity over North Texas. Part II: Mesoscale Convective Systems
Oct 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Total lightning data from the Lightning Detection and Ranging (LDAR II) research network in addition to cloud-to-ground flash data from the National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) and data from the Dallas-Fort Worth, Texas, Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) ...
Total Lightning Signatures of Thunderstorm Intensity over North Texas. Part I: Supercells
Oct 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT It is shown that total lightning mapping, along with radar and National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) cloud-to-ground lightning data, can be used to diagnose the severity of a thunderstorm. Analysis of supercells, some of which were tornadic, on 13 October 2001 over ...
Westerly Wind Bursts and Their Relationship with Intraseasonal Variations and ENSO. Part II: Energetics over the Western and Central Pacific
Oct 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The mechanism of synoptic-scale eddy development in the generation of westerly wind bursts (WWBs) over the western-central Pacific, and their relationship with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO), were examined. In the WWB occurrences, ...
Westerly Wind Bursts and Their Relationship with Intraseasonal Variations and ENSO. Part I: Statistics
Oct 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Statistical features of the relationship among westerly wind bursts (WWBs), the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and intraseasonal variations (ISVs) were examined using 40-yr European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Re-Analysis data (ERA-40) for the period ...
Observed Enhancement of Reflectivity and the Electric Field in Long-Lived Florida Anvils
Oct 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT A study of two long-lived Florida anvils showed that reflectivity >20 dBZ increased in area, thickness, and sometimes magnitude at the midlevel well downstream of the convective cores. In these same regions electric fields maintained strengths >10 kV m^sup -1^ for many ...
Multiple-Radar Data Assimilation and Short-Range Quantitative Precipitation Forecasting of a Squall Line Observed during IHOP_2002
Oct 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The impact of multiple-Doppler radar data assimilation on quantitative precipitation forecasting (QPF) is examined in this study. The newly developed Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model Advanced Research WRF (ARW) and its three-dimensional variational data assimilation ...
Vertical Variability of Cloud Hydrometeors in the Stratiform Region of Mesoscale Convective Systems and Bow Echoes
Oct 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT During the Bow Echo and Mesoscale Convective Vortex Experiment, the NOAA P-3 research aircraft executed 17 spiral descents to the rear of convective lines to document the vertical variability of hydrometeors above, within, and below the stratiform melting layer. Ten spirals were ...
Comparison of the Diurnal Precipitation Cycle in Convection-Resolving and Non-Convection-Resolving Mesoscale Models
Oct 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The diurnal cycles of rainfall in 5-km grid-spacing convection-resolving and 22-km grid-spacing non-convection-resolving configurations of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model are compared to see if significant improvements can be obtained by using fine enough grid ...
The Influence of Horizontal Environmental Variability on Numerically Simulated Convective Storms. Part I: Variations in Vertical Shear
Oct 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Severe convective storms are typically simulated using either an idealized, horizontally homogeneous environment (i.e., single sounding) or an inhomogeneous environment constructed using numerous types of observations. Representing opposite ends of the spectrum, the former ...
Evaluation of Boundary Layer Similarity Theory for Stable Conditions in CASES-99
Oct 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The Monin-Obukhov similarity theory and a generalized formulation of the mixing length for the stable boundary layer are evaluated using the Cooperative Atmosphere-Surface Exchange Study-1999 (CASES-99) data. The large-scale wind forcing is classified into weak, intermediate, ...
Model-Inspired Predictors for Model Output Statistics (MOS)*
Oct 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT This article addresses the problem of the choice of the predictors for the multiple linear regression in model output statistics. Rather than devising a selection procedure directly aimed at the minimization of the final scores, it is examined whether taking the model equations ...
Preemptive Forecasts Using an Ensemble Kalman Filter
Oct 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT An ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) estimates the error statistics of a model forecast using an ensemble of model forecasts. One use of an EnKF is data assimilation, resulting in the creation of an increment to the first-guess field at the observation time. Another use of an EnKF ...
Probabilistic Forecasts of the Onset of the North Australian Wet Season
Oct 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The amount and timing of early wet-season rainfall are important for the management of many agricultural industries in north Australia. With this in mind, a wet-season onset date is defined based on the accumulation of rainfall to a predefined threshold, starting from 1 ...
The Interaction between Two Separate Propagations of Rossby Waves
Oct 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT This study deals with two teleconnection patterns and the subsequent wave train propagations during an East Asian summer. Diagnostic results are as follows: 1) a stationary wave ray with zonal wavenumber 5 approximates the arc path linking the correlation centers originating ...
The Interannual Variability of Tropical Cyclones
Oct 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT This paper examines the interannual variability of tropical cyclones in each of the earth's cyclone basins using data from 1985 to 2003. The data are first analyzed using a Monte Carlo technique to investigate the long-standing myth that the global number of tropical cyclones is ...
Vertical Structures of Precipitation in Cyclones Crossing the Oregon Cascades
Oct 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The vertical structure of radar echoes in extratropical cyclones moving over the Oregon Cascade Mountains from the Pacific Ocean indicates characteristic precipitation processes in three basic storm sectors. In the early sector of a cyclone, a leading edge echo (LEE) appears ...
System Design and Evaluation of Coupled Ensemble Data Assimilation for Global Oceanic Climate Studies
Oct 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT A fully coupled data assimilation (CDA) system, consisting of an ensemble filter applied to the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory's global fully coupled climate model (CM2), has been developed to facilitate the detection and prediction of seasonal-to-multidecadal climate ...
Detection of Rainfall Events Using Underwater Passive Aquatic Sensors and Air-Sea Temperature Changes in the Tropical Pacific Ocean
Oct 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Several years of long-term high temporal resolution ocean ambient noise data from the tropical Pacific Ocean are analyzed to detect oceanic rainfall. Ocean ambient noise generated by rainfall and wind are identified through an acoustic discrimination process. Once the spectra ...
Prediction of the Diurnal Change Using a Multimodel Superensemble. Part I: Precipitation
Oct 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT Modeling the geographical distribution of the phase and amplitude of the diurnal change is a challenging problem. This paper addresses the issues of modeling the diurnal mode of precipitation over the Tropics. Largely an early morning precipitation maximum over the oceans and an ...
An Efficient Solution Method for the Buoyancy Wave Equation at Variable Wind and Temperature
Oct 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT To solve a horizontally spectral, vertically discrete buoyancy wave equation in conditions of arbitrary wind and temperature distribution with height, a novel method is applied, which consists of a presentation of the solution in the form of a cumulative product of complex ...
A Comparison of Two Coastal Barrier Jet Events along the Southeast Alaskan Coast during the SARJET Field Experiment*
Oct 01, 2007; ... ABSTRACT The Southeastern Alaskan Regional Jets experiment investigated the structures and physical processes of barrier jets along the coastal Fairweather Mountains near Juneau, Alaska, from 24 September to 21 October 2004. This paper compares in situ aircraft data and high-resolution ...