National Review back issues from March 2009:
Living inspiration.(Letters)(Letter to the editor)
Mar 09, 2009; ... Thank you for Jay Nordlinger's article on Capt. Ivan Castro ("Captain Extraordinary," February 9). Captain Castro is a tremendously inspiring man. I had the honor of meeting him while running the Air Force Marathon in Dayton last September, and of hearing him speak at the dinner the night ...
Very superstitious.(Letters)(Letter to the editor)
Mar 09, 2009; ... When I read John Derbyshire's piece indicating that "interest in the occult has faded" ("Chance of a Ghost," February 9), I wondered whether he is in touch with current entertainment trends. A quick scan of the TV listings reveals shows such as Medium, Ghost Whisperer, Ghost Hunters, ...
One thousand pages of stimulus legislation.(The Week)
Mar 09, 2009 ... One thousand pages of stimulus legislation, a few hours to ...
The Democrats have made a number of personnel blunders, Republicans have mostly held together against the stimulus, and the public shows little confidence that the stimulus will save the economy.(The Week)(Brief article)
Mar 09, 2009 ... The Democrats have made a number of personnel blunders, Republicans have mostly held together against the stimulus, and the public shows little confidence that the stimulus will save the economy. Republicans are taking comfort from these developments. Too much comfort, actually. Obama's ...
We at National Review believed that the Senate should seat Roland Burris, Barack Obama's successor, despite the corruption of Illinois governor Rod Blagojevich, the man who appointed him, on the grounds that Burris himself was untainted by sleaze.(The Week)(Brief article)
Mar 09, 2009 ... We at NATIONAL REVIEW believed that the Senate should seat Roland Burris, Barack Obama's successor, despite the corruption of Illinois governor Rod Blagojevich, the man who appointed him, on the grounds that Burris himself was untainted by sleaze. Did we speak too soon? On January 8, ...
Everything about Sen. Judd Gregg's recent turn in the spotlight was odd.(The Week)(Brief article)
Mar 09, 2009 ... Everything about Sen. Judd Gregg's recent turn in the spotlight was odd. It was odd that the conservative New Hampshire Republican--a tax cutter, spending cutter, and stimulus skeptic--would accept President Obama's offer to serve in the cabinet as commerce secretary ....
Politicians like to say the only poll that matters is the one taken on Election Day.(public opinion polls and political canvassing)(Brief article)
Mar 09, 2009 ... Politicians like to say the only poll that matters is the one taken on Election Day. If what are thought to be Obama's desires are met, the Census Bureau will "sample" Americans rather than count them in 2010. This is nothing but a glorified public-opinion survey, though it could have ...
David Lloyd George once dismissed an irresolute rival thus: "Like a cushion, he always bore the impress of the last man who sat on him.".(Senator Kirsten Gillibrand's political stands)(Brief article)
Mar 09, 2009 ... David Lloyd George once dismissed an irresolute rival thus: "Like a cushion, he always bore the impress of the last man who sat on him." Kirsten Gillibrand of New York has not yet even warmed the cushion of her Senate seat but already is conforming to the shape of she who sat in it before ....
As predicted, General Motors and Chrysler need more money.(restructuring plans)(Brief article)
Mar 09, 2009 ... As predicted, General Motors and Chrysler need more money. GM says it needs $12 billion in addition to the $18 billion it has already asked for, and Chrysler wants another $2 billion on top of its $7 billion request. GM announced that it plans to eliminate 47,000 jobs this year, while ...
The U.S. government created this country's ethanol industry.(The Week)(Brief article)
Mar 09, 2009 ... [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] The U.S. government created this country's ethanol industry. First it subsidized it. Then it protected it with tariffs. Finally, after these measures failed to spark a demand for ethanol, the government mandated its use as an additive in gasoline. The ...
The Democrats have enacted a major expansion of the federal-state health-insurance program for children, S-CHIP.(The Week)(Brief article)
Mar 09, 2009 ... The Democrats have enacted a major expansion of the federal-state health-insurance program for children, S-CHIP. While we know that the expansion is expensive, we have no evidence that it improves children's health. In part the absence of positive outcomes is a result of the facts that ...
In a closely watched case in California's Ninth Circuit federal appeals court, the Obama Justice Department reaffirmed the Bush administration's assertion of the state-secrets privilege in order to block a civil lawsuit brought on behalf of five men who claim they were kidnapped by the CIA and dispatched to countries that tortured them.(The Week)(Brief article)
Mar 09, 2009 ... In a closely watched case in California's Ninth Circuit federal appeals court, the Obama Justice Department reaffirmed the Bush administration's assertion of the state-secrets privilege in order to block a civil lawsuit brought on behalf of five men who claim they were kidnapped by the CIA ...
The future of military-commission prosecutions for terrorist war crimes remains in doubt.(Barack Obama's domestic policy )
Mar 09, 2009 ... The future of military-commission prosecutions for terrorist war crimes remains in doubt. Despite his rash campaign rhetoric, President Obama has been cautious on the national-security front, maintaining most Bush policies and conceding that many detainees who threaten U.S. security cannot ...
After steering the nomination of Holder through his Judiciary Committee by giving short shrift to Holder's prior stewardship of the blatantly politicized Clinton Justice Department, Sen. Patrick Leahy promptly called for a "truth and reconciliation commission" to investigate the politicization of Bush's DOJ.(The Week)(Brief article)
Mar 09, 2009 ... After steering the nomination of Holder through his Judiciary Committee by giving short shrift to Holder's prior stewardship of the blatantly politicized Clinton Justice Department, Sen. Patrick Leahy promptly called for a "truth and reconciliation commission" to investigate the ...
Bill Clinton, it must be owned, has a way with words.(Fairness Doctrine)(Brief article)
Mar 09, 2009 ... Bill Clinton, it must be owned, has a way with words. He famously couldn't determine what the meaning of the word is is, and now he defines the word fairness as a synonym for censorship. The former president is lending his voice to the choir of Democrats calling for a revival of the ...
In 1985 Congress made it unlawful to use lead pigments in the inks, dyes, and paints in children's books, though there was no evidence that any child had ever been harmed thereby.(The Week)(Brief article)
Mar 09, 2009 ... In 1985 Congress made it unlawful to use lead pigments in the inks, dyes, and paints in children's books, though there was no evidence that any child had ever been harmed thereby. Last summer, following the panic over lead paint on toys from China, Congress passed the Consumer Product ...
Smile.(The Week)(cheering up despite economic crisis)(Essay)
Mar 09, 2009; ... NO sane person enjoys a global recession, particularly one that flirts with being a depression. But in the spirit of the man who asked Mrs. Lincoln, "How was the theater, beyond the obvious unpleasantness?" I join with Eric Idle of Monty Python, who proclaimed from his perch on a cross, ...
As we go to press, jurors in Arizona are considering a complaint against Roger Barnett, an Arizona rancher.(The Week)(Brief article)
Mar 09, 2009 ... As we go to press, jurors in Arizona are considering a complaint against Roger Barnett, an Arizona rancher. Sixteen Mexicans seek $32 million in damages from Barnett, whose ranch was under siege from illegals who cut through his fences, slaughtered his livestock, destroyed expensive water ...
President Obama, hailed as a verbal master, uses "enormity" a lot.(The Week)(Barack Obama's use of the word "enormity")(Brief article)
Mar 09, 2009 ... President Obama, hailed as a verbal master, uses "enormity" a lot. And he uses it incorrectly. He thinks it means something very, very big, instead of something very, very bad. (Some modern ...
Abdul Qadeer Khan is a real-life Dr. Strangelove whose career casts a menacing shadow over the future.(The Week)(Brief article)
Mar 09, 2009 ... Abdul Qadeer Khan is a real-life Dr. Strangelove whose career casts a menacing shadow over the future. Thanks to him, his native country of Pakistan has the nuclear bomb. To his countrymen, he is the hero who allows them to wipe India out even as India wipes them out. As if that were not ...
Geert Wilders, Dutch politician, was invited to Britain to screen Fitna, his film blaming jihadist violence on the Koran.(The Week)(Brief article)
Mar 09, 2009 ... Geert Wilders, Dutch politician, was invited to Britain to screen Fitna, his film blaming jihadist violence on the Koran. But the government refused him a visa, held him when he tried to land at Heathrow, and sent him home. The Home Office explained that the British government "opposes ...
The trouble with the Israeli election is that Tzipi Livni of the center-left Kadima party and Bibi Netanyahu of center-right Likud won it more or less equally.(The Week)(Brief article)
Mar 09, 2009 ... The trouble with the Israeli election is that Tzipi Livni of the center-left Kadima party and Bibi Netanyahu of center-right Likud won it more or less equally. Neither of them has anything like the numbers necessary for government, so the end result will be a coalition of some sort. Israel ...
The world makes too little of the oppression of Palestinians--by other Palestinians.(The Week)(Brief article)
Mar 09, 2009 ... The world makes too little of the oppression of Palestinians--by other Palestinians. So Amnesty International is to be applauded for its recent report on Gaza. The nub of it is, "Hamas forces and militias in the Gaza Strip have engaged in a campaign of abductions, deliberate and unlawful ...
The tactic of accusing Israel of war crimes whenever it takes steps to defend itself should by now have been worked too often to be effective any longer.(The Week)(Brief article)
Mar 09, 2009 ... The tactic of accusing Israel of war crimes whenever it takes steps to defend itself should by now have been worked too often to be effective any longer. But no: The recent campaign in Gaza produced a memorable specimen of the false accusation against Israel, courtesy of the United Nations ...
The depravity of Islamofascism, the depravity of the jihad, knows no bounds.(The Week)(Samira Jassim)(Brief article)
Mar 09, 2009 ... The depravity of Islamofascism, the depravity of the jihad, knows no bounds. The latest illustration of this comes from Iraq, where lives a woman named Samira Jassim. She is known as "Um al-Mumenin," or the "Mother of the Believers." She organized the rape of more than 80 women: so as to ...
Venezuelan strongman Hugo Chavez won a referendum, giving him the possibility of remaining in power forever.(The Week)(Brief article)
Mar 09, 2009 ... Venezuelan strongman Hugo Chavez won a referendum, giving him the possibility of remaining in power forever. The voters abolished term limits. Chavez jubilantly declared that he would speed up "the construction of true socialism." (Would that be the socialism of North Korea? Nazi Germany? ...
Charles de Gaulle regarded NATO with deep suspicion as a conspiracy by les Anglo-Saxons to dominate Europe.(The Week)(North Atlantic Treaty Organization)(Brief article)
Mar 09, 2009 ... Charles de Gaulle regarded NATO with deep suspicion as a conspiracy by les Anglo-Saxons to dominate Europe. In 1966 he removed French troops from NATO command and expelled non-French troops from France. Well, times have changed. Current French president Nicolas Sarkozy is keen to improve ...
Prince Harry's sins against multicultural orthodoxy just go on multiplying.(The Week)(Brief article)
Mar 09, 2009 ... Prince Harry's sins against multicultural orthodoxy just go on multiplying. The 24-year-old second son of the heir to the British throne is currently a lieutenant in the British army, having graduated from Sandhurst Military Academy in 2006. He has recently been in hot water, since being ...
Fire has been a recurring part of Australia's natural history for millions of years.(The Week)(Brief article)
Mar 09, 2009 ... Fire has been a recurring part of Australia's natural history for millions of years. The Aborigines understood this and pre-emptively burned off vegetation around villages to protect themselves. White settlers learned to take similar precautions in Australia's desert climate, but recently ...
An important blow for public health was struck on February 12 when a special federal court ruled there was no evidence of a link between the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine and autism in children.(The Week)(Brief article)
Mar 09, 2009 ... An important blow for public health was struck on February 12 when a special federal court ruled there was no evidence of a link between the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine and autism in children. A few days before the decision was announced, the London Sunday Times reported that the ...
Here is an abortion story: in the Miami area, a woman named Sycloria Williams went to get an abortion.(The Week)(Brief article)
Mar 09, 2009 ... Here is an abortion story: In the Miami area, a woman named Sycloria Williams went to get an abortion. She was 23 weeks pregnant, and she paid $1,200. As she sat in the chair, waiting for her abortion, an accident happened: She gave birth to a girl. The doctor had not yet arrived. And here ...
Muzzammil Hassan is a businessman in the Buffalo area.(The Week)(Brief article)
Mar 09, 2009 ... Muzzammil Hassan is a businessman in the Buffalo area. He founded a TV network designed in part to portray Muslims in a positive light. Recently his wife, Aasiya Zubair Hassan, filed for divorce from him. She is no longer: Her husband beheaded her. At least that seems to be the case, ...
The bicentennial of Abraham Lincoln should not obscure that of Charles Darwin.(The Week)(Brief article)
Mar 09, 2009 ... The bicentennial of Abraham Lincoln should not obscure that of Charles Darwin. The English naturalist offered to explain the origin, multiplicity, and development of species, but his work was immediately put to other uses. Evolution appeared to explode one of the traditional demonstrations ...
National Review readers, along with our writers and editors, all (we are pretty sure) belong to the species Homo sapiens.(The Week)(Brief article)
Mar 09, 2009 ... NATIONAL REVIEW readers, along with our writers and editors, all (we are pretty sure) belong to the species Homo sapiens. A very closely related species, with whom our remote ancestors shared territory for many thousands of years, was Homo neanderthalensis, the Neanderthals. It would be ...
The saga of Nadya Suleman, better--much better--known as Octomom, continues to enthrall and appall.(The Week)(Brief article)
Mar 09, 2009 ... The saga of Nadya Suleman, better--much better--known as Octomom, continues to enthrall and appall. Motherhood remains a good thing, even in a culture of abortion and broken homes, and the primitive awe that attended multiple births--Rome was founded by twins--lingers as well. But the ...
The old-fashioned virtues are still alive in Omaha, Neb., where a man named Anthony Burres accidentally dropped his wallet and then sped off on his motorcycle as $100 bills began flying away in the breeze.(The Week)(Brief article)
Mar 09, 2009 ... The old-fashioned virtues are still alive in Omaha, Neb., where a man named Anthony Burres accidentally dropped his wallet and then sped off on his motorcycle as $100 bills began flying away in the breeze. A bystander took off to chase down Burres, while others at the site--near Boys Town, ...
This magazine has often expressed ambivalence about the government's war on drugs, but private-sector prohibition is another issue.(The Week)(Brief article)
Mar 09, 2009 ... This magazine has often expressed ambivalence about the government's war on drugs, but private-sector prohibition is another issue. Major League Baseball--a business highly dependent on public goodwill that prizes continuity with the past--is entirely right to ban performance enhancers and ...
The recession economy is playing havoc with some of our received wisdom.(The Week)(Brief article)
Mar 09, 2009 ... The recession economy is playing havoc with some of our received wisdom. The maxim "Quit before they fire you," for example, is out of favor when jobs are hard to find. So believes 35-year-old Ravone Jones of Madison, Wis. Obviously disgruntled, or at any rate far from gruntled, with his ...
Ready to snap fingers?(The Week)(Man jailed for whistling )(Brief article)
Mar 09, 2009 ... Ready to snap fingers? Two, three: "They're creepy and they're kooky / Mysterious and spooky / They're altogether together ooky / The Addams Family." Pleasant to recall an old TVfavorite; but that theme song brought a 20-week jail sentence down on a gent in Derbyshire, England. He had made ...
Stimulus for Liberals.(THE ECONOMY)(Democratic Party)
Mar 09, 2009 ... PERHAPS the central liberal criticism of George W. Bush is that he used a national crisis as an opportunity to pursue partisan aims. Liberals do not seem to see that, to an outsider, this is exactly what the stimulus bill looks like: an attempt to use the financial crisis to enact every ...
Bank job.(THE ECONOMY II)(Secretary of the Treasury Timothy Geithner)
Mar 09, 2009 ... TREASURY SECRETARY TIMOTHY GEITHNER announced his plan to save the banking system--or, rather, announced that he has a plan. Geithner hinted at new financial commitments on the order of $2 trillion, but he declined to describe his plan in any detail. What specifics he did provide failed to ...
Away from the gated community: Republicans should not build a strategy around courting 'upscale' voters.(Essay)
Mar 09, 2009; ... [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] DEMOGRAPHY is destiny in politics, or so we have heard. In 2004, the growth of the exurbs was said to be generating a permanent Republican majority. Now the strong support for the Democrats by young people, Hispanics, and non-Christians is said to be ...
Lawyer's lawyer, radical's radical: meet Obama DOJ nominee Dawn Johnsen.(Barack Obama)
Mar 09, 2009; ... PREGNANCY provokes a welter of feelings, physical and emotional. But does anyone really think of pregnancy as slavery? Apparently so: Indiana University law professor Dawn Johnsen, Pres. Barack Obama's nominee to head the Justice Department's Office of Legal Counsel. ...
Lo, a smart grid! The Left's energy miracle turns out not to be that.(president Barack Obama's policy on renewable energy)
Mar 09, 2009; ... 'WE will build the roads and bridges, the electric grids and digital lines that feed our commerce and bind us together," President Obama promised in his inaugural address. "We will harness the sun and the winds and the soil to fuel our cars and run our factories." He wasn't ...
Why we hate us: the business of making movies drives Hollywood nuts.(Viewpoint essay)
Mar 09, 2009; ... YOU think you know Hollywood? Sure, you've seen your share of movies. You read Vanity Fair and Entertainment Weekly and sneak a peak at Showbiz Tonight from time to time to catch the latest on Lindsay Lohan's sexual orientation. You probably even have a million-dollar script inside you, ...
The tacky index: Hollywood writer + Los Angeles address + Filet-O-Fish = Danger!(creditworthiness of credit cardholders)(Essay)
Mar 09, 2009; ... EVERY decent American, when he or she is standing at a cash register, having just handed over the Visa card to pay for the pile of groceries or whatever, says the same silent prayer: Please let the card go through. Or we open the little plastic folder that holds the ...
Governor girly-man: Arnold Schwarzenegger caves to the Democrats as his state drowns in red.(Cover story)
Mar 09, 2009; ... [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] CALIFORNIA conservatives greeted Arnold Schwarzenegger's ascension to the governor's office in the famous "total recall" election of 2003 with wary optimism. If anyone could make "post-partisanship" work in ever-bluer California, it would be the ...
Magical mystery tour: David Cameron and the need for nastiness.
Mar 09, 2009; ... IN a New York Times column on the forthcoming struggle for the shrunken soul of the GOP between "reformers" and "traditionalists," David Brooks threw out the line that reformers "tend to be intrigued by the way David Cameron has modernized the British Conservative Party." This ...
The Democrats' Senate scrapper: Harry Reid in the new Washington.
Mar 09, 2009; ... ON the recent Inauguration Day, Washington became solidly Democratic. And there are three kings in this new Washington. The kingiest of all, of course, is President Obama. Then there is the famous, notorious Nancy Pelosi, speaker of the House. (She is more of a queen than a king, to be ...
Losing Gordon Gekko: Wall Street has gone over to the Democrats. Should conservatives miss it?(Essay)
Mar 09, 2009; ... IN the sweating-bullets world of venture capital, start-ups live or die by The Pitch--the one-shot better-get-this-right opportunity an entrepreneur has to sell his idea to the people who have the money to make it happen. Barack Obama, the most successful start-up in modern American ...
Excerpts from the unread parts of the American recovery and reinvestment act.(The Long View)(Excerpt)
Mar 09, 2009; ... FROM PAGE 237: ... for an additional amount for "Watershed and Flood Prevention Operations," $290,000,000, of which $145,000,000 is for necessary expenses to purchase and restore floodplain easements as authorized by section 403 of the Agricultural Credit Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C ....
Such a catholic.(Flannery: A Life of Flannery O'Connor)(Book review)
Mar 09, 2009; ... IN 1972 Flannery O'Connor was posthumously honored with the National Book Award for her Complete Stories. As her publisher, Robert Giroux, was readying himself to receive this highest of American literary prizes, he was caught short when an eminent author asked, "Do you really think ...
Watts up.(Terrestrial Energy: How Nuclear Power Will Lead the Green Revolution and End America's Energy Odyssey)(Book review)
Mar 09, 2009; ... [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] Terrestrial Energy: How Nuclear Power Will Lead the Green Revolution and End America's Energy Odyssey, by William Tucker (Bartleby, 420 pp., $27.50) FITTINGLY for a book about nuclear energy, William Tucker's latest work is a bit like uranium: ...
A Wolfe Tome.(The Future of Liberalism)(Book review)
Mar 09, 2009; ... The Future of Liberalism, by Alan Wolfe (Knopf, 352 pp., $25.95) ALAN WOLFE of Boston College is a prolific and generally well-regarded author. In the last five years he's published four books on contemporary politics and public policy: The Transformation of American Religion, ...
Fairy tale and nightmare.(Coraline)(Movie review)
Mar 09, 2009; ... I DON'T know how young I was when my well-meaning parents took me to see Darby O'Gill and the Little People, one of the Walt Disney Company's live-action efforts from the Eisenhower era, which was being screened for some sort of kids'movie day at the local university. Young enough, ...
Starry Night.(Poem)
Mar 09, 2009; ... <Pre> Starry Night At the High Museum of Art, Atlanta On Loan from MoMA29 September 2000 He fought the demons with a tube of paint, With knife and brush to joust--cut, thrust, and parry. Each ...
Down in the dumps.(The Straggler)
Mar 09, 2009; ... [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] CONSERVATIVES, it says here, are happier than liberals. I am looking at this much-discussed study from New York University on "The Palliative Function of Conservative Ideology." So far as I can make out--and you should by no means quote me on this; my ...
At these costs.(Letters)
Mar 23, 2009; ... Richard Nadler's piece "At What Cost?" (February 23) states that "attempts to remove illegals have diminished the conservative movement." The piece reflects the false choice often presented to Republicans: Support amnesty or offend Hispanic voters. On NATIONAL REVIEW ONLINE I ...
An overreaching plan for government-run health care, big ideas from Newt Gingrich, Clinton and Netanyahu preparing to face off in the Middle East.(The Week)(Brief article)
Mar 23, 2009 ... An overreaching plan for government-run health care, big ideas from Newt Gingrich, Clinton and Netanyahu ...
President Obama announced his plan to withdraw from Iraq. It's noticeably more reasonable than his rhetoric from the campaign, when he at times seemed to be saying he would pull out entirely in 16 months.(The Week)(Barack Obama )(Brief article)
Mar 23, 2009 ... President Obama announced his plan to withdraw from Iraq. It's noticeably more reasonable than his rhetoric from the campaign, when he at times seemed to be saying he would pull out entirely in 16 months. He now wants to go from the current 142,000 troops to roughly 50,000 in 18 months. He ...
President Obama brushed aside concerns about the stockmarket crash that accompanied his first month in office, comparing its "fits and starts" to the fickle swings one sees in political tracking polls during campaigns.(The Week)(Barack Obama)(Brief article)
Mar 23, 2009 ... President Obama brushed aside concerns about the stockmarket crash that accompanied his first month in office, comparing its "fits and starts" to the fickle swings one sees in political tracking polls during campaigns. He missed a subtle difference: People put real money at risk in the ...
In response to a housing meltdown caused in part by 1) loose lending standards, 2) shenanigans at Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, and 3) perverse financial incentives, President Obama proposes.(The Week)(Barack Obama)(Brief article)
Mar 23, 2009 ... In response to a housing meltdown caused in part by 1) loose lending standards, 2) shenanigans at Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, and 3) perverse financial incentives, President Obama proposes to: 1) loosen lending standards, enabling homeowners to refinance mortgages that exceed the value of ...
Several Republican governors have signaled that they will reject some stimulus money on the grounds that it would saddle them with new permanent entitlements to fund.(The Week)(Brief article)
Mar 23, 2009 ... Several Republican governors have signaled that they will reject some stimulus money on the grounds that it would saddle them with new permanent entitlements to fund. (One Democratic governor is reportedly weighing the idea.) The stimulus bill included extensions of unemployment benefits ...
Rush Limbaugh delivered a stemwinder at the Conservative Political Action Committee's annual conference.(The Week)(Brief article)
Mar 23, 2009 ... Rush Limbaugh delivered a stemwinder at the Conservative Political Action Committee's annual conference. (Because Fox News broadcast it, he joked that it was his first address to the nation.) No one who listened to it can doubt his heartfelt love for America or his dedication to ...
Bobby Jindal got poor reviews for his response to Obama's address to Congress.(The Week)(Barack Obama)(Brief article)
Mar 23, 2009 ... Bobby Jindal got poor reviews for his response to Obama's address to Congress. Some of the critics suggested that Jindal's national aspirations had been badly damaged. We think that Jindal was quite strong in challenging Washington's runaway spending, but did not do enough to show that ...