Plant Physiology back issues from April 2007:
Assessing the Efficiency of RNA Interference for Maize Functional Genomics1[W][OA]
Apr 01, 2007; ... A large-scale functional genomics project was initiated to study the function of chromatin-related genes in maize (Zea mays). Transgenic lines containing short gene segments in inverted repeat orientation designed to reduce expression of target genes by RNA interference (RNAi) were isolated, ...
PlanTAPDB, a Phylogeny-Based Resource of Plant Transcription-Associated Proteins1[C][W][OA]
Apr 01, 2007; ... Diversification of transcription-associated protein (TAP) families during land plant evolution is a key process yielding increased complexity of plant life. Understanding the evolutionary relationships between these genes is crucial to gain insight into plant evolution. We have determined a ...
F-Box Proteins in Rice. Genome-Wide Analysis, Classification, Temporal and Spatial Gene Expression during Panicle and Seed Development, and Regulation by Light and Abiotic Stress1[W][OA]
Apr 01, 2007; ... F-box proteins constitute a large family in eukaryotes and are characterized by a conserved F-box motif (approximately 40 amino acids). As components of the Skp1p-cullin-F-box complex, F-box proteins are critical for the controlled degradation of cellular proteins. We have identified 687 ...
Rapid Classification of Phenotypic Mutants of Arabidopsis via Metabolite Fingerprinting1[W][OA]
Apr 01, 2007; ... We evaluated the application of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolic fingerprinting to classify forward genetic mutants with similar phenotypes. Mutations affecting distinct metabolic or signaling pathways can result in common phenotypic traits that are used to identify mutants in ...
Molecular Modeling and Site-Directed Mutagenesis Reveal the Benzylisoquinoline Binding Site of the Short-Chain Dehydrogenase/Reductase Salutaridine Reductase1[W][OA]
Apr 01, 2007; ... Recently, the NADPH-dependent short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) salutaridine reductase (E.C. 1.1.1.248) implicated in morphine biosynthesis was cloned from Papaver somniferum. In this report, a homology model of the Papaver bracteatum homolog was created based on the x-ray structure of ...
The Structure of Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor-4E from Wheat Reveals a Novel Disulfide Bond1[OA]
Apr 01, 2007; ... Eukaryotic translation initiation factor-4E (eIF4E) recognizes and binds the m^sup 7^ guanosine nucleotide at the 5' end of eukaryotic messenger RNAs; this protein-RNA interaction is an essential step in the initiation of protein synthesis. The structure of eIF4E from wheat (Triticum aestivum) ...
Characterization of the Regulatory and Expression Context of an Alternative Oxidase Gene Provides Insights into Cyanide-Insensitive Respiration during Growth and Development1[C][W][OA]
Apr 01, 2007; ... Alternative oxidase (AOX) is encoded in small multigene families in plants. Functional analysis of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) alternative oxidase 1c (AtAOX1c) promoter, an AOX gene not induced by oxidative stress, indicated that regulation of expression was complex, with the upstream ...
Mitochondrial Complex II Is Essential for Gametophyte Development in Arabidopsis1[W][OA]
Apr 01, 2007; ... Mitochondrial complex II (succinate dehydrogenase [SDH]) is part of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the respiratory electron transport chain. Its flavoprotein subunit is encoded by two nuclear genes, SDH1-1 and SDH1-2, in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The SDH1-2 gene is significantly ...
REP27, a Tetratricopeptide Repeat Nuclear-Encoded and Chloroplast-Localized Protein, Functions in D1/32-kD Reaction Center Protein Turnover and Photosystem II Repair from Photodamage1[OA]
Apr 01, 2007; ... The goal of this research is elucidation of the molecular mechanism for the unique photosystem II (PSII) damage and repair cycle in chloroplasts. A frequently occurring, irreversible photooxidative damage inhibits the PSII charge separation reaction and stops photosynthesis. The chloroplast PSII ...
EpsinR2 Interacts with Clathrin, Adaptor Protein-3, AtVTI12, and Phosphatidylinositol-3-Phosphate. Implications for EpsinR2 Function in Protein Trafficking in Plant Cells1[OA]
Apr 01, 2007; ... Members of the epsin family of proteins (epsins) are characterized by the presence of an epsin N-terminal homology (ENTH) domain. Epsins have been implicated in various protein-trafficking pathways in animal and yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) cells. Plant cells also contain multiple ...
An Early Nodulin-Like Protein Accumulates in the Sieve Element Plasma Membrane of Arabidopsis1[OA]
Apr 01, 2007; ... Membrane proteins within the sieve element-companion cell complex have essential roles in the physiological functioning of the phloem. The monoclonal antibody line RS6, selected from hybridomas raised against sieve elements isolated from California shield leaf (Streptanthus tortuosus; ...
The GCR1, GPA1, PRN1, NF-Y Signal Chain Mediates Both Blue Light and Abscisic Acid Responses in Arabidopsis1[W][OA]
Apr 01, 2007; ... Different classes of biotic (e.g. plant hormones) and abiotic (e.g. different wavelengths of light) signals act through specific signal transduction mechanisms to coordinate higher plant development. While a great deal of progress has been made, full signal transduction chains have not yet been ...
Overexpression of Arabidopsis AGD7 Causes Relocation of Golgi-Localized Proteins to the Endoplasmic Reticulum and Inhibits Protein Trafficking in Plant Cells1[C][OA]
Apr 01, 2007; ... ADP ribosylation factor (Arf) GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) promote the hydrolysis of GTP bound to Arfs to GDP, which plays a pivotal role in regulating Arfs by converting the active GTP-bound forms of these proteins into their inactive GDP-bound forms. Here, we investigated the biological ...
Multiple Roles of ADP-Ribosylation Factor 1 in Plant Cells Include Spatially Regulated Recruitment of Coatomer and Elements of the Golgi Matrix1[W][OA]
Apr 01, 2007; ... Recent evidence indicates that ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (ARF1) carries out multiple roles in plant cells that may be independent from the established effector complex COPI. To investigate potential COPI-independent functions, we have followed the dynamics of ARF1 and a novel putative effector, ...
Protein Mobilization in Germinating Mung Bean Seeds Involves Vacuolar Sorting Receptors and Multivesicular Bodies1[W][OA]
Apr 01, 2007; ... Plants accumulate and store proteins in protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) during seed development and maturation. Upon seed germination, these storage proteins are mobilized to provide nutrients for seedling growth. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of protein degradation ...
De Novo Formation of Plant Endoplasmic Reticulum Export Sites Is Membrane Cargo Induced and Signal Mediated1[W][OA]
Apr 01, 2007; ... The plant endoplasmic reticulum (ER) contains functionally distinct subdomains at which cargo molecules are packed into transport carriers. To study these ER export sites (ERES), we used tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) leaf epidermis as a model system and tested whether increased cargo dosage leads ...
Regulation of NH^sub 4^^sup +^ Transport by Essential Cross Talk between AMT Monomers through the Carboxyl Tails1[C][W][OA]
Apr 01, 2007; ... Ammonium transport across plant plasma membranes is facilitated by AMT/Rh-type ammonium transporters (AMTs), which also have homologs in most organisms. In the roots of the plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), AMTs have been identified that function directly in the high-affinity NH^sub ...
Involvement of the Histone Acetyltransferase AtHAC1 in the Regulation of Flowering Time via Repression of FLOWERING LOCUS C in Arabidopsis1[W][OA]
Apr 01, 2007; ... Histone acetylation is an important posttranslational modification correlated with gene activation. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), the histone acetyltransferase AtHAC1 is homologous to animal p300/CREB (cAMP-responsive element-binding protein)-binding proteins, which are the main histone ...
Gene Expression Profiling Reveals Defined Functions of the ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter COMATOSE Late in Phase II of Germination1[W][OA]
Apr 01, 2007; ... Phase II of germination represents a key developmental stage of plant growth during which imbibed seeds either enter stage III of germination, completing the germination process via radicle protrusion, or remain dormant. In this study, we analyzed the influence of the peroxisomal ATP-binding ...
Roles of Brassinosteroids and Related mRNAs in Pea Seed Growth and Germination1[W][OA]
Apr 01, 2007; ... The levels of endogenous brassinosteroids (BRs) and the expression of the biosynthesis/metabolism/perception genes involved have been investigated during the development and germination of pea (Pisum sativum) seeds. When seeds were rapidly growing, the level of biologically active BRs ...
Auxin Synthesis-Encoding Transgene Enhances Grape Fecundity1[OA]
Apr 01, 2007; ... Grape (Vitis vinifera) yield is largely dependent on the fecundity of the cultivar. The average number of inflorescences per shoot (i.e. shoot fruitfulness) is a trait related to fecundity of each grapevine. Berry number and weight per bunch are other features affecting grape yield. An ...
Actin Is Involved in Auxin-Dependent Patterning1
Apr 01, 2007; ... Polar transport of auxin has been identified as a central element of pattern formation. The polarity of auxin transport is linked to the cycling of pin-formed proteins, a process that is related to actomyosin-dependent vesicle traffic. To get insight into the role of actin for auxin transport, ...
A Novel Major Facilitator Superfamily Protein at the Tonoplast Influences Zinc Tolerance and Accumulation in Arabidopsis1[C][W][OA]
Apr 01, 2007; ... Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient required by all cells but is toxic in excess. We have identified three allelic Zn-sensitive mutants of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The gene, designated ZINC-INDUCED FACILITATOR1 (ZIF1), encodes a member of the major facilitator superfamily of ...
Overexpression of an R1R2R3 MYB Gene, OsMYB3R-2, Increases Tolerance to Freezing, Drought, and Salt Stress in Transgenic Arabidopsis1[C][W][OA]
Apr 01, 2007; ... We used a cDNA microarray approach to monitor the expression profile of rice (Oryza sativa) under cold stress and identified 328 cold-regulated genes. Thirteen such genes encoding MYB, homeodomain, and zinc finger proteins with unknown functions showed a significant change in expression under ...
Adenine Nucleotide Pool Perturbation Is a Metabolic Trigger for AMP Deaminase Inhibitor-Based Herbicide Toxicity1[OA]
Apr 01, 2007; ... AMP deaminase (AMPD) is essential for plant life, but the underlying mechanisms responsible for lethality caused by genetic and herbicide-based limitations in catalytic activity are unknown. Deaminoformycin (DF) is a synthetic modified nucleoside that is taken up by plant cells and ...
Iron Acquisition by Phytosiderophores Contributes to Cadmium Tolerance1[OA]
Apr 01, 2007; ... Based on the ability of phytosiderophores to chelate other heavy metals besides iron (Fe), phytosiderophores were suggested to prevent graminaceous plants from cadmium (Cd) toxitity. To assess interactions between Cd and phytosiderophore-mediated Fe acquisition, maize (Zea mays) plants were ...
The redox imbalanced Mutants of Arabidopsis Differentiate Signaling Pathways for Redox Regulation of Chloroplast Antioxidant Enzymes1[W][OA]
Apr 01, 2007; ... A network of enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants protects chloroplasts from photooxidative damage. With all enzymatic components being nuclear encoded, the control of the antioxidant capacity depends on chloroplast-to-nucleus redox signaling. Using an Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) ...
WRKY75 Transcription Factor Is a Modulator of Phosphate Acquisition and Root Development in Arabidopsis1[C][W][OA]
Apr 01, 2007; ... Phosphate (Pi) deficiency limits plant growth and development, resulting in adaptive stress responses. Among the molecular determinants of Pi stress responses, transcription factors play a critical role in regulating adaptive mechanisms. WRKY75 is one of several transcription factors induced ...
Tracing the Evolution of the Light-Harvesting Antennae in Chlorophyll a/b-Containing Organisms1[OA]
Apr 01, 2007; ... The light-harvesting complexes (LHCs) of land plants and green algae have essential roles in light capture and photoprotection. Though the functional diversity of the individual LHC proteins are well described in many land plants, the extent of this family in the majority of green algal groups ...
Diverse Subcellular Locations of Cryptogein-Induced Reactive Oxygen Species Production in Tobacco Bright Yellow-2 Cells1[W][OA]
Apr 01, 2007; ... Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a crucial role in many cellular responses and signaling pathways, including the oxidative burst defense response to pathogens. We have examined very early events in cryptogein-induced ROS production in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) Bright Yellow-2 suspension ...
Regulation of Arbuscular Mycorrhization by Carbon. The Symbiotic Interaction Cannot Be Improved by Increased Carbon Availability Accomplished by Root-Specifically Enhanced Invertase Activity[W]
Apr 01, 2007; ... The mutualistic interaction in arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) is characterized by an exchange of mineral nutrients and carbon. The major benefit of AM, which is the supply of phosphate to the plant, and the stimulation of mycorrhization by low phosphate fertilization has been well studied. However, ...
Cytokinin Import Rate as a Signal for Photosynthetic Acclimation to Canopy Light Gradients1[W][OA]
Apr 01, 2007; ... Plants growing in dense canopies are exposed to vertical light gradients and show photosynthetic acclimation at the wholeplant level, resulting in efficient photosynthetic carbon gain. We studied the role of cytokinins transported through the transpiration stream as one of probably multiple ...
Comprehensive Screening of Arabidopsis Mutants Suggests the Lysine Histidine Transporter 1 to Be Involved in Plant Uptake of Amino Acids1[W]
Apr 01, 2007; ... Plant nitrogen (N) uptake is a key process in the global N cycle and is usually considered a "bottleneck" for biomass production in land ecosystems. Earlier, mineral N was considered the only form available to plants. Recent studies have questioned this dogma and shown that plants may access ...
The Transiently Generated Nonphotochemical Quenching of Excitation Energy in Arabidopsis Leaves Is Modulated by Zeaxanthin1
Apr 01, 2007; ... Upon the transition of dark-adapted plants to low light, the energy-dependent quenching (qE) of excitation energy is only transiently induced due to the only transient generation of the transthylakoid pH gradient. We investigated the transient qE (qE^sub TR^) in different Arabidopsis ...
Overexpression of Pectin Methylesterase Inhibitors in Arabidopsis Restricts Fungal Infection by Botrytis cinerea1[C][W]
Apr 01, 2007; ... Pectin, one of the main components of plant cell wall, is secreted in a highly methylesterified form and is demethylesterified in muro by pectin methylesterase (PME). The action of PME is important in plant development and defense and makes pectin susceptible to hydrolysis by enzymes such as ...
Functional Genomic Analysis Supports Conservation of Function Among Cellulose Synthase-Like A Gene Family Members and Suggests Diverse Roles of Mannans in Plants1[W][OA]
Apr 01, 2007; ... Mannan polysaccharides are widespread among plants, where they serve as structural elements in cell walls, as carbohydrate reserves, and potentially perform other important functions. Previous work has demonstrated that members of the cellulose synthase-like A (CslA) family of ...
Characterization of Two Brassinosteroid C-6 Oxidase Genes in Pea1[W][OA]
Apr 01, 2007; ... C-6 oxidation genes play a key role in the regulation of biologically active brassinosteroid (BR) levels in the plant. They control BR activation, which involves the C-6 oxidation of 6-deoxocastasterone (6-DeoxoCS) to castasterone (CS) and in some cases the further conversion of CS to ...
Overproduction of Abscisic Acid in Tomato Increases Transpiration Efficiency and Root Hydraulic Conductivity and Influences Leaf Expansion1[OA]
Apr 01, 2007; ... Overexpression of genes that respond to drought stress is a seemingly attractive approach for improving drought resistance in crops. However, the consequences for both water-use efficiency and productivity must be considered if agronomic utility is sought. Here, we characterize two tomato ...
HKT1;5-Like Cation Transporters Linked to Na+ Exclusion Loci in Wheat, Nax2 and Kna1(1)[OA]
Apr 01, 2007; ... Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) has a greater ability to exclude Na+ from its leaves and is more salt tolerant than durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum [Desf.]). A novel durum wheat, Line 149, was found to contain a major gene for Na+ exclusion, Nax2, which removes Na+ from the xylem ...
An Unusual Posttranscriptional Processing in Two Betaine Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Loci of Cereal Crops Directed by Short, Direct Repeats in Response to Stress Conditions1
Apr 01, 2007; ... Various abilities to synthesize and accumulate glycine betaine (GB) are crucial for angiosperms to develop salt and drought tolerances. In higher plants, GB is synthesized by a two-step oxidation of choline via an intermediate form of betaine aldehyde, and catalyzed by choline monooxygenase and ...
Candidate Genes and Quantitative Trait Loci Affecting Fruit Ascorbic Acid Content in Three Tomato Populations
Apr 01, 2007; ... Fresh fruit and vegetables are a major source of ascorbic acid (vitamin C), an important antioxidant for the human diet and also for plants. Ascorbic acid content in fruit exhibits a quantitative inheritance. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) for ascorbic acid content have been mapped in three ...
Stability of Plant Defense Proteins in the Gut of Insect Herbivores1[C][W][OA]
Apr 01, 2007; ... Plant defense against insect herbivores is mediated in part by enzymes that impair digestive processes in the insect gut. Little is known about the evolutionary origins of these enzymes, their distribution in the plant kingdom, or the mechanisms by which they act in the protease-rich environment ...
Nitrogen Fixation Control under Drought Stress. Localized or Systemic?1[OA]
Apr 01, 2007; ... Legume-Rhizobium nitrogen fixation is dramatically affected under drought and other environmental constraints. However, it has yet to be established as to whether such regulation of nitrogen fixation is only exerted at the whole-plant level (e.g. by a systemic nitrogen feedback mechanism) or can ...
Reduced Content of Homogalacturonan Does Not Alter the Ion-Mediated Increase in Xylem Hydraulic Conductivity in Tobacco
Apr 01, 2007; ... Xylem hydraulic conductivity (K^sub s^) in stems of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) wild-type SR1 was compared to that of PG7 and PG16, two transgenic lines with increased levels of expression of the gene encoding the Aspergillus niger endopolygalacturonase (AnPGII). Activity of AnPGII removes in ...
CORRECTIONS
Apr 01, 2007; ... Vol. 143: 924-940, 2007 Spencer M.W.B., Casson S.A., and Lindsey K. Transcriptional Profiling of the Arabidopsis Embryo. On pages 927 and 928 of this article, the parenthetical citations for the supplemental figures are incorrect. Supplemental Figure S11A should be listed as ...
Specific Roles of [alpha]- and [gamma]-Tocopherol in Abiotic Stress Responses of Transgenic Tobacco1[w][OA]
Apr 01, 2007; ... Tocopherols are lipophilic antioxidants that are synthesized exclusively in photosynthetic organisms. In most higher plants, α- and γ-tocopherol are predominant with their ratio being under spatial and temporal control. While α-tocopherol accumulates predominantly in ...