Recently added articles from Professional Animal Scientist:
Evaluation of Current Reasons for Removal of Sows from Commercial Farms
Feb 01, 2009; ... ABSTRACT Sow longevity is a large and often overlooked component of profitability and efficiency for commercial swine operations. Culling and mortality rates average near 50 and 9%, respectively, 'leaving the responsibility of profitability on sows that can remain productive past parity ...
Milling Characteristics of Corn and Yellow, Short-Season Field Peas Intended for Swine Diets
Feb 01, 2009; ... ABSTRACT The objectives of this study were to analyze particle size and amino acid concentrations in particles after milling corn and field peas. Twelve batches each of corn and peas were processed through a hammer mill (H; 3.175-mm screen) or roller mill (R) for a total of 4 treatments ...
Inclusion of Yellow Field Peas and Carbohydrase Enzyme in Nursery Pig Diets to Improve Growth Performance
Feb 01, 2009; ... ABSTRACT The main objective was to determine if yellow, short-season field peas could partially replace corn and soybean meal in mid- and late-nursery pig diets (6.5 to 7.5 kg BW in phase 1 and 10 to 13 kg BW in phase 2, respectively), and to evaluate the efficacy of a fungal ...
Effect of Ractopamine Hydrochloride on Growth Performance and Carcass Traits in Calf-Fed and Yearling Holstein Steers Fed to Slaughter
Feb 01, 2009; ... ABSTRACT Five studies using 2,105 calf-fed and yearling Holstein steers were conducted to evaluate the effects of ractopamine hydrochloride (RAC) on performance and carcass characteristics when fed for the final 28 to 38 d of the finishing period. In 4 calf-fed Holstein studies, RAC was ...
Effects of Ractopamine (Optaflexx) Fed in Combination with Melengestrol Acetate on Feedlot Heifer Performance1
Feb 01, 2009; ... ABSTRACT Two commercial feedlot experiments were conducted to determine the effects of feeding melengestrol acetate (MGA) or MGA plus ractopamine (MGA+OPT) on the performance and carcass characteristics of finishing heifers. In Nebraska (Exp. 1), 1,807 heifers (337.3 ± 20.0 kg) and in ...
Effects of Prepartum Whole Fuzzy Cottonseed or Whole Raw Soybean Supplementation on Response to Timed Artificial Insemination by Suckled Mature Beef Cows Following Ovulation Synchronization1
Feb 01, 2009; ... ABSTRACT Cows (n = 188; average initial BW = 579 ± 54 kg) were stratified by BCS and BW and assigned to 3 supplementation treatments: whole raw soybeans (21.6% fat), whole fuzzy cottonseed (21.7% fat), or a 50:50 mixture of ground corn and soybean meal (2.6% fat; i.e., the control ...
In Vitro and In Vivo Investigations of Antimicrobial Treatments to Reduce Escherichia coil O157:H7 in Cattle Manure1
Feb 01, 2009; ... ABSTRACT In Exp. 1, acetic acid, aluminum sulfate, cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), lactic acid (LAC), or granulated sulfuric acid was applied to autoclaved manure inoculated with Escherichia coli O157:H7 carrying plasmids encoding green-fluorescent protein (1 mL E. coli O157:H7 ...
Development of an Ex Vivo Assay for Use as a Surrogate Model to Assess the Impact of Endotoxin on Cattle
Feb 01, 2009; ... ABSTRACT Current guidelines used by the US Food and Drug Administration to establish a safe level of pyrogens in veterinary parenteral products were derived from work designed for products intended for human use, and there is no consensus on what levels of endotoxin or other pyrogens are ...
Effect of Energy Supplementation of Stocker Cattle Grazing Smooth Bromegrass Pastures on Grazing and Subsequent Finishing Performance and Carcass Traits1
Feb 01, 2009; ... ABSTRACT Grazing and subsequent finishing performance of 117 Angus stocker calves (Bos taurus; BW = 235.5 ± 1.22 kg) supplemented with 0, 0.82, or 1.64 kg/d of grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) on a DM basis while grazing smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis) pastures in 2002, 2003, and 2004 ...
Predicted Financial Performance of Three Beef Cow Calving Seasons in South Texas
Feb 01, 2009; ... ABSTRACT Future financial performance was predicted for cow herds in dual, spring, and fall calving season regimens using a system dynamic model parameterized with historic production and financial data from King Ranch and future cattle prices estimated by CattleFax. Results are reported ...
Effect of Orchardgrass or Alfalfa Hay in Diets of Lactating Cows During Relocation
Feb 01, 2009; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine the effects of dietary forage quantity and source on measures of performance of lactating dairy cows during relocation to a new dairy facility. From 3 wk before relocation to 9 wk following the move, 23 Holsteins received 1 of 3 ...
Effect of Consistency of Nutrient Intake from Milk and Milk Replacer on Dairy Calf Performance
Feb 01, 2009; ... ABSTRACT The effect of variable nutrient concentration in the liquid diet and variable intake of nutrients on ADG and feed efficiency of neonatal dairy calves was evaluated. Three treatments were fed in trial 1 that all provided 0.418 kg DM/d. Treatment A was a 21% CP, 21% fat milk ...
CASE STUDY: On-Farm Evaluation of Liquid Dairy Manure Application Methods to Reduce Ammonia Losses
Feb 01, 2009; ... ABSTRACT The volatilization of NH^sub 3^ from landapplied manure is not only a loss of valuable N, but also an air quality concern because NH^sub 3^ plays a role in the formation of airborne particulate matter, which can be a health hazard. The relative differences in potential NH^sub 3^ ...
CASE STUDY: Nitrogen Cycling on Pasture-Based Dairy Farms
Feb 01, 2009; ... ABSTRACT Most animal waste management plans for pasture-based dairy farms use estimates for the amount of manure produced and the yields of forage removed to design the waste plan. A trial was conducted to demonstrate how dairy producers could document agronomic nutrient application and ...
CASE STUDY: A Survey of Pasture-Finished Beef Producers in the Northeastern United States
Feb 01, 2009; ... ABSTRACT Twenty-six pasture-finished beef producers were surveyed with locations in Pennsylvania, New York, and Maryland. Surveys were personal interviews, and most were done on the farm site. The surveys were conducted to examine production and marketing economics and to determine ...
Effect of Feeding DAS-59122-7 Corn Grain and Nontransgenic Corn Grain to Individually Fed Finishing Steers1
Dec 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT An experiment was conducted to evaluate feeding transgenic corn containing the cry34Abl and cry35Abl genes from a Bacillus thuringiensis strain and the phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (pat) gene from Streptomyces viridochromogenes to finishing cattle compared with ...
Serum Steroid Concentrations at Different Phases of Production and Brain Monoamine Oxidase Type A Messenger Ribonucleic Acid in Buller Steers1
Dec 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT One field study was conducted to evaluate serum steroid hormone profiles of steers exhibiting characteristics attributed to buller steer syndrome and to assess the potential association between buller steer syndrome and the monoamine neurotransmitter enzyme monoamine oxidase ...
CASE STUDY: Early Lactation Production, Body Condition, and Incidence of Disease in Holstein Cows Fed a Low-Potassium Diet Alone or Supplemented with Chloride Prepartum
Dec 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT The objective of the trial was to mine if supplementing a low-K prepartum diet (< 1.20% DM) with additional chloride for 3 wk before calving would affect milk yield, body condition, or incidence of disease during the first 90 DIM. Two hundred multiparous Holstein cows and 132 ...
CASE STUDY: Nutrient Values of Spring and Summer Annual Forages in a Single Cut Harvest1
Dec 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT The Central High Plains of the United States (western Nebraska and Kansas and eastern Wyoming and Colorado) is a major beef cattle production area, but it is subject to periodic droughts. Annual forages are an essential feed source for maintaining beef cattle herds during ...
Estimation of Forage Intake by Steers Grazing Three Fescue Types and Determination of Alkaloids in Ruminal Fluid and Forage1
Dec 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT During 2 consecutive grazing seasons, DMI of steers grazing 'Kentucky-31' endophyte (Neotyphodium coenophialum)infected tall fescue (E+; Festuca arundinacea Shreb.), 'Kentucky-31' endophyte-free tall fescue (E-), and 'Quantum' tall fescue infected with endophyte AR542, a ...