Recently added articles from Pure and Applied Chemistry:
Chemistry and biology of Okinawan marine natural products.(Report)
Jun 01, 2009; ... BIOACTIVE MARINE NATURAL PRODUCTS FROM TUNICATES Synthetic hybrid molecules of caffeine and eudistomin D Four hybrid molecules (1 and 4-6) of caffeine and eudistomin D, a [beta]-carboline alkaloid from tunicates Eudistoma sp., were synthesized, and their affinity and ...
Acknowledgments.
May 01, 2009 ... The authors wish to acknowledge Mike Schwenk's participation and active contribution in preparing the text. The contributions, in alphabetical order, of Poul ...
Alphabetical entries: part 1.(Glossary)
May 01, 2009 ... abiological See abiotic. abiotic abiological Not associated with living organisms. [1] abiotic transformation Process in which a substance in the environment is modified by nonbiological mechanisms. ...
Alphabetical entries: part 2.(Glossary)
May 01, 2009 ... essential element See essential nutrient. essential metal See essential nutrient. essential nutrient Substance that is absolutely required for the normal growth and development of a defined organism throughout a complete life cycle. ...
Alphabetical entries: part 3.(Glossary)
May 01, 2009 ... predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) Concentration that is expected to cause no adverse effect to any naturally occurring population in an environment at risk from exposure to a given substance. [1] predictive risk assessment prospective ...
Annex 1: abbreviations and acronyms used in ecotoxicology.(Table)
May 01, 2009 ... <Pre> AchE acetylcholinesterase ACRacute-to-chronic toxicity ratio AECadenylate energy charge ADIacceptable daily intake AF accumulation factor, application factor AHHaryl hydrocarbon ...
Annex 2: abbreviations and acronyms of names of international bodies and legislation.(Table)
May 01, 2009 ... <Pre> AFNOR Association Francaise de Normalisation APHA American Public Health Association ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials. CEQCouncil on Environmental Quality ECETOC European Centre for Ecotoxicology and ...
Annex 3: numbered references.(Bibliography)
May 01, 2009 ... [1.] J. H. Duffus, M. Nordberg, D. M. Templeton. Pure Appl. Chem. 79, 1153 (2007). [2.] L. P Balant, L. Z. Benet, H. Blume, G. Bozler, D. D. Breimer, M. Eichelbaum, U. Gundert-Remy, J. L. Hirtz. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 40, 123 (1991). [3.] IUPAC. Compendium of ...
Annex 4: other sources consulted.(Bibliography)
May 01, 2009 ... P. Bjerregaard, O. Andersen. "Ecotoxicology of metals: Sources, transport, and effects in the ecosystem", in Handbook on the Toxicology of Metals, 3rd ed., G. F. Nordberg, B. A. Fowler, M. Nordberg, L. T. Friberg (Eds.), pp. 251-280, Elsevier, Amsterdam (2007). P Calow. The ...
Glossary of terms related to pharmaceutics: (IUPAC Recommendations 2009).
May 01, 2009; ... INTRODUCTION The idea of constructing a glossary of terms related to pharmaceutics was raised first at the meeting of the Section on Medicinal Chemistry of the Chemistry and Human Health Division in 1999, and became a recognized project in 2001. Prior to this glossary, the ...
Stabilizing reactive intermediates through site isolation.(Report)
Apr 01, 2009; ... INTRODUCTION Looking for reactivity and stability at the same time seems to be a conundrum, but in fact Nature relies on this concept. For instance, chemical transformation can be performed with unusual high activity and selectivity with enzymes. These systems rely on perfectly ...
Divalent carbon(0) compounds.(Report)
Apr 01, 2009; ... INTRODUCTION The chemistry of organic compounds is mostly concerned with molecules where the tetravalent carbon atom uses all four valence electrons for chemical bonding which constitute single, double, or triple bonds in C(IV) compounds. Divalent C(II) compounds (carbenes) ...
NMR spectroscopy and ion pairing: measuring and understanding how ions interact.(nuclear magnetic resonance )(Report)
Apr 01, 2009; ... INTRODUCTION There is a continuing, indeed growing, interest in measuring diffusion constants via NMR spectroscopy [1,2]. Specifically, one finds a substantial, multinuclear ([sup.1]H, [sup.7]Li, [sup.19]F, [sup.31]P, [sup.195]Pt) literature concerned with the use of pulsed ...
Photochemical routes to silver and gold nanoparticles.(Report)
Apr 01, 2009; ... INTRODUCTION This article deals with the use of photochemical methodologies for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles (NPs), particularly Au and Ag, and centers on contributions from our research group. Many group members, past and present, have contributed material, and their ...
Kinetics and mechanism of the aminolysis of thioesters and thiocarbonates in solution.(Report)
Apr 01, 2009; ... INTRODUCTION Although the aminolysis reactions of esters and carbonates are well documented and their mechanisms are clear [1,2], the same reactions of thioesters and thiocarbonates have received less attention [3-14]. Some of the latter reactions are driven by a stepwise ...
Understanding solvation.(Report)
Apr 01, 2009; ... INTRODUCTION Why is understanding solvation important? An obvious answer to this question is that most chemical reactions and all biochemical reactions in the human body occur in solution. An additional reason is that it is possible to explain several apparently disconnected ...
Steric and electronic effects in [S.sub.N]2 reactions.(Report)
Apr 01, 2009; ... INTRODUCTION The acronyms [S.sub.N]1, [S.sub.N]2, E1, and E2 were introduced by Ingold to describe the mechanistic landscape that is relevant to a wide range of situations where a base reacts with an organic substrate [R.sup.1][R.sup.2]CHCX[R.sup.3][R.sup.4] [1]. At the ...
Design of carborane molecular architectures with electronic structure computations: from endohedral and polyradical systems to multidimensional networks.(Report)
Apr 01, 2009; ... INTRODUCTION The discoveries of carboranes [1] were first disclosed in the 1960s [2]; since then, many synthetic [3,4], spectroscopic [5], and computational investigations [3,6,7] have developed carborane chemistry into a mature field. The many applications include medicine ...
Mapping catalytic promiscuity in the alkaline phosphatase superfamily.(Report)
Apr 01, 2009; ... INTRODUCTION The wealth of information derived from large-scale sequencing efforts and subsequent functional studies of ever more protein catalysts begs the question: Is our fundamental understanding of enzyme catalysis increasing? On one level the answer is no: The engineering ...
DNA nucleobase properties and photoreactivity: modeling environmental effects.(deoxyribonucleic acid)(Report)
Apr 01, 2009; ... INTRODUCTION In parallel to an intense period of experimental activity [1], the last few years have known a growing number of theoretical studies on the properties and photoreactivity of DNA components, in particular, the pyrimidine and purine nucleobases (NABs): uracil (U), ...