Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport articles from March 2000

Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport back issues from March 2000:

Children's Control, Learning, and Performance of Motor Skills [1,2].

Mar 01, 2000; ... Key words: motor development, skill acquisition Children are amazing! Watching them perform and learn motor skills is a fascinating process. We often hear that "children don't stick with a task very long, because they have short attention spans." That statement can be ...

Optimizing Generalized Motor Program and Parameter Learning.(Statistical Data Included)

Mar 01, 2000; ... Two experiments examined generalized motor program (GMP) and parameter learning. Experiment 1 examined the effects of bandwidth knowledge of results (KR) about relative timing in constant and variable practice. The purpose was to determine if movement stability created by the bandwidth ...

Teaching Responsibility Through Sport Education: Prospects of a Coalition.

Mar 01, 2000; ... The purpose of this study was to provide a databased analysis of a combined sport model and from this to develop a theory from practice. In particulars the original concern was to examine the extent to which the teaching of personal and social responsibility (TPSR) could form a coalition ...

Assessment of Physical Activity With the Computer Science and Applications, Inc., Accelerometer: Laboratory Versus Field Validation.(Statistical Data Included)

Mar 01, 2000; ... Our purpose was to compare the validity of the Computer Science and Applications, (GSA) Inc., accelerometer in laboratory and field settings and establish GSA count ranges for light, moderate, and vigorous physical activity. Validity was determined in 60 adults during treadmill exercise, ...

Effects of Uncontrollability and Failure on the Development of Learned Helplessness in Perceptual-Motor Tasks.(Statistical Data Included)

Mar 01, 2000; ... The aim of this study was to distinguish between the roles of uncontrollability and failure on learned helplessness in a perceptual-motor task. Forty-eight junior high school students were randomly assigned in a 2 x 2 (Controllability: Contingent vs. Yoked Noncontingent Feedback x Type of ...

Differences in Self-Reported Rationale for Perceived Increases in Physical Activity by Ethnicity and Gender.(Statistical Data Included)

Mar 01, 2000; ... Key words: determinants, exercise, behaviors, Surgeon General Physical activity is a recognized component of healthy lifestyles. Inactivity is associated with several chronic diseases, including coronary heart disease (Fletcher et al., 1992) hypertension and Type II diabetes ...

Physical Activity Participation of High School Graduates Following Exposure to Conceptual or Traditional Physical Education.(Statistical Data Included)

Mar 01, 2000; ... Key words: Healthy People 2000, school, sedentary, youth Over the last two decades considerable evidence has accumulated concerning the importance of physical activity to good health. The Surgeon General's Report on Physical Activity and Health (U.S. Department of Health and ...

Effects of Postural Constraints on Children's Catching Behavior.

Mar 01, 2000; ... Key words: posture, perception and action, skill acquisition, dynamic interceptive actions Traditionally, there has been a tendency to explain differences between children who are good and poor catchers as a function of developmental differences in perceptual skill and ...

Resting Frontal Asymmetry Predicts Self-Selected Walking Speed But Not Affective Responses to a Short Walk.

Mar 01, 2000; ... Key words: frontal asymmetry, EEG, individual differences, affect, behavior Davidson (1994, 1998) proposed that resting asymmetrical activation of the anterior regions of the brain reflect two different neural circuits of motivation and emotion. Greater relative left anterior ...

Teachers' Attitudes Toward Teaching Physical Activity and Fitness.

Mar 01, 2000; ... Key words: physical education, belief systems The importance of regular physical activity and its relationship to preventing disease and premature death, as well as maintaining a high quality of life, is the underlying message in the 1996 Surgeon General's report on Physical ...

Students' Precision and Interobserver Reliability of Performance Assessment in Team Sports.(Statistical Data Included)

Mar 01, 2000; ... Key words: team sport performance, peer assessment in physical education French sport pedagogy researchers have recently developed a team sport assessment procedure (TSAP; Grehaigne, Godbout & Bouthier, 1997). Its primary objective is to provide teachers with objective data on ...

Developmental Kinematics of Young Girls' Overarm Throwing.

Mar 01, 2000; ... Key words: age, development, motor control, skill Studies have shown that faster throwing velocity or longer throwing distance is a collective function of children's practice experience, growth, and maturation (Halverson & Roberton, 1979; Halverson, Roberton, & Langendorfer, ...

Preface.

Mar 01, 2000 ... Emily H. Wughalter President-Elect of the Research Consortium Department of Human Performance San Jose State University I am pleased and honored to present to you the research abstracts for the American Alliance of Health, Physical Education, Recreation, ...

Multivariate Analysis: Data Screening and Applications.

Mar 01, 2000 ... Even the most sophisticated multivariate analyses can be compromised by data, which are inaccurate, incomplete, or fail to meet appropriate statistical assumptions. This preconference workshop will describe methods for screening data for inaccuracies, missing data, univariate and ...

Meta-Analysis: Processes and Prospects.

Mar 01, 2000 ... The proliferation of research in recent years has expanded the need for more careful, accurate, and complete reviews in the exercise and sport sciences. Meta-analysis, a quantitative statistical approach to reviewing the literature, offers a viable, generally less subjective, alternative ...

Challenging Assumptions About, In, and Through Research: Identity Politics and Research in HPERD.

Mar 01, 2000; ... The purpose of this session is to identify, and challenge, assumptions of HPERD research. Panelists will engage in dialogue about the assumptions of different identities (e.g., gender, race, disability, sexual orientation, class, age, multiple identities) and their influence upon the ...

Qualitative Techniques: Interview Method and Application to Research and Applied Settings in Pedagogy, Sport Psychology, and Exercise Science.(Brief Article)

Mar 01, 2000; ... Using different types of interview techniques is prevalent in qualitative methodology and becoming more popular in physical education. For many years, pedagogists have used various interview techniques to provide insight into teacher and student cognition and activity. More recently, sport ...

A Comparison of Daily and 1 Day-a-Week Physical Education Programming.(Brief Article)

Mar 01, 2000; ... Roxanne Light and Dale McVicker, Kingwood Elementary School and Linda Carson, Andrew Hawkins, Lynn Housnei Laura Treanor, Sandra Vanin, Robert Wiegand, West Virginia University The project compared a yearlong program of daily PE to a 1 day-a-week program. Children were randomly ...

A Biomechanical Analysis of the Yurchenko Layout Vault.(Brief Article)

Mar 01, 2000; ... Michael Bohne, Cherianne J. Mecham, Kasey Mitchell, and Julianne Abendroth-Smith, Utah State University The purpose of this study was to compare performances of the Yurchenko Layout Vault to give biomechanically based feedback to coaches in gymnastics. A kinematic analysis was ...

Trunk Muscle Activation in Open Stance and Square Stance Tennis Forehands.(Brief Article)

Mar 01, 2000; ... Duane Knudson, California State University--Chico, and John Blackwell, University of San Francisco Lighter tennis rackets have contributed to a trend of greater use of open stance forehand technique over the traditional square stance. Sports medicine professionals hypothesize ...

The Impact of Ball Toss Displacement on Tennis Serve Velocity.(Brief Article)

Mar 01, 2000; ... Tim P. Mead and Chris A. Sins Nicholls State University The ball toss displacement of collegiate tennis players was measured horizontally and vertically to determine the impact of the ball toss on serve velocity. Currently, teaching professionals instruct students to toss the ...

The Effect of Spatial and Temporal Instructional Cues on the Mechanics of the Vertical Jump.(Brief Article)

Mar 01, 2000; ... H. Scott Strohmeyer, Central Missouri State University, Jean Eckrich, Colby-Sawyer College, and Michael Bird, Truman State University The enhancement of skillful movement is a primary goal of teachers. While much work has focused on the development of strength and power to ...

Trends in Dance Science and Dance Wellness-Related Education: 1990--97.(Brief Article)

Mar 01, 2000; ... Marita K. Cardinal, Western Oregon University A continuing concern of the dance community is the improvement and maintenance of dancers' health and wellness. To this end, the Council of Dance Administrators, National Association of Schools of Dance, National Dance Association, ...

An Analysis and Comparison of Research Investigating the Effects of Dance on the Self-Concept and Self-Esteem of the Participants.(Brief Article)

Mar 01, 2000; ... Sandra Minton, University of Northern Colorado The eruption of violence by youth has been blamed on the fact that individuals committing such crimes are depressed, have a low self-concept, or self-esteem. Self-concept is defined as the perception of total self (Shavelson, 1982; ...

Teaching Methods and Strategies for Beginning Dance Classes in Higher Education.(Brief Article)

Mar 01, 2000; ... JeongAe You, University of West Alabama Much effort has been emphasized of how to teach professional dancers or dance majors rather than beginning dancers in dance education (Fortin, 1993; Lord, 1993; Schlaich and DuPont, 1993; Stinson, 1993). However, little knowledge in ...

Pediatric Exercise Physiology: A Primer.

Mar 01, 2000; ... The primary aim of this symposium is to provide a comprehensive overview of current knowledge regarding physiological responses to exercise in children and adolescents. Emphasis will be placed on understanding how physical growth and maturation influence the developing functional ...

International Women's Physical Activities: Issues, Patterns, and Measurement Challenges.

Mar 01, 2000; ... While physical activity participation patterns differ between men and women, most of existing physical activity questionnaires have failed to account for this difference in the questionnaire design. This is especially true to the minority women population. Fortunately, with the support of ...

Prediction of One-Repetition Maximum (1-RM) Strength in Small Muscle Groups From a 4-6 RM and a 7-10 RM Submaximal Strength Test in Healthy Young Adult Men.

Mar 01, 2000; ... B. R. Abadie, M. Plummer, D. Salisbury, K. McDawell, S. Stewart, B. Clark, G. Pace, and S. Thomas, Mississippi State University Many investigators have produced regression equations to predict 1-RM strength within large muscle groups in male participants. However, no studies to ...

Association of Exercise Identity With Three Measures of Exercise Commitment in a Community Sample.(Brief Article)

Mar 01, 2000; ... Dean F. Anderson, Charles M. Cychosz, and Warren D. Franke, Iowa State University Sociological traditions suggest that role identities serve to give meaning and importance to past behavior as well as providing direction for future behavior. The Exercise Identity Scale (EIS) was ...

Plasma Catecholamine and Cardiovascular Reactivity During an Acute Challenge Course Stress.(Brief Article)

Mar 01, 2000; ... Camille J. Bunting and Emma S. Gibbons, Texas A & M University The primary purpose of this study was to describe physiological responses, to an acute challenge course stress, specifically epinephrine, norepinephrine, heart rate, and blood pressure. A secondary purpose was to ...

The Influence of Terrain and Cycling Speed on Lactate, Heart Rate, and Perceived Exertion Responses in 12 Elite U.S. Professional Cyclists.(Brief Article)(Statistical Data Included)

Mar 01, 2000 ... Todd Crowder, U.S. Military Academy, and Michael Zumpano, Champion Nutrition Nutrition Quantification and profiling specific training variables may provide a means to individually prescribe not only personal workout programs but individualize nutritional supplement plans as ...

Physiological Responses to Snowshoeing With Rotating Toe Cord Systems Versus Fixed Toe Cord Designs in Men at Self-Selected Intensity.(Brief Article)(Statistical Data Included)

Mar 01, 2000 ... Lance Dalleck and Dale DeVoe, Colorado State University The purpose of this study was to measure potential differences in the physiological responses of active men, while snowshoeing with two separate toe cord designs, rotating toe cord system versus fixed toe cord design, in ...

Exercise Intervention for Cancer-Related Fatigue.(Brief Article)(Statistical Data Included)

Mar 01, 2000 ... Carolyn A. Dennehy, Carole M. Schneider, Susan D. Carter, Ann Bentz, Kristi Stephens, and Kelly Quick, University of Northern Colorado Despite the rise in cancer morbidity, there is a significant decrease in cancer mortality rates. With an increase in the number of cancer ...

Heart Rate Responses and Estimated Energy Expenditure During Backpacking.(Brief Article)(Statistical Data Included)

Mar 01, 2000 ... Dale DeVoe, Colorado State University The physiological demand associated with backpacking should be assessed in order to anticipate its effects and properly plan for excursions. Whereas many recreational activities last only a few hours, backpacking usually involves longer ...

Tracking Health-Related Physical Fitness of Kindergartners to Fifth Grade.(Brief Article)(Statistical Data Included)

Mar 01, 2000 ... Loran D. Erdmann and Cathy S. McMillan, Western Illinois University Tracking studies follow characteristic stability over time, by determining the maintenance of position within a group. Relationships exist between physical fitness and various chronic diseases in adults. ...

Blood Pressure Responses to Aero-Belt(R) and Power-Belt(R) Walking.(Brief Article)(Statistical Data Included)

Mar 01, 2000 ... Werner W. K. Hoeger, Lester S. V. Caldwell, and Chad Harris, Boise State University The purpose of this study was to compare blood pressure responses between walking (W) and Aero-Belt(R) walking (ABW), and W and Power-Belt(R) walking (PBW) in young-normotensive individuals ....

A Comparison of Physiologic Responses to Self-Paced Water Aerobics and Self-Paced Treadmill Running.(Brief Article)(Statistical Data Included)

Mar 01, 2000 ... Werner W. K. Hoeger, Boise State University, Norman Kaluhiokalani, Roxane K. M. Cardejon, and Joke Kokonnen, Brigham Young University--Hawaii, Terry-Ann Spitzer Gibson, and Chad Harris, Boise State University The purpose of this study was to compare exercise heart rate (HR), ...

Psychometric Properties of a Revised Scale of Attributes of Fitness Services.(Brief Article)(Statistical Data Included)

Mar 01, 2000 ... Mandy M. Huset, Dean F. Anderson, and Galen T. Trail, Iowa State University Despite the rising importance of customer satisfaction, many corporations and businesses still lack efficient methods for defining and meeting customer needs. One industry in particular that needs to ...

Effect of Music Tempo on Heart Rate and Perceived Exertion During Rest, Exercise, and Recovery.(Brief Article)

Mar 01, 2000 ... Stephanie M. Jensen, Holly D. Cram, and Bruce L. Van Duser, Gustavus Adolphus College Many feel that it is beneficial to exercise while listening to music. Northrup (1998) documented that music affects our emotions, moods, and performances. The purpose of this study was to ...

Resistance Training and Bone Mineral Density in Women: A Meta-Analysis of Controlled Trials.(Brief Article)(Statistical Data Included)

Mar 01, 2000 ... George A. Kelley and Kristi S. Kelley, Northern illinois University, and Zung Vu Tran, University of Colorado It is estimated that approximately 26.2 million white, postmenopausal women in the United States have either osteopenia or osteoporosis (Melton, 1995). Recent ...

Immune Function in Elite Teenage Tennis Athletes.(Brief Article)(Statistical Data Included)

Mar 01, 2000 ... M. W. Kernodle, D. C. Nieman, D. A. Henson, Appalachian State University, and G. Sonnenfeld, Morehouse School of Medicine This study had two objectives: (a) To investigate the chronic response of the immune system to training by teenage tennis athletes; (b) To study the ...

Acute Effects of Stretching Are Not Evident in the Kinematics of the Vertical Jump.(Brief Article)(Statistical Data Included)

Mar 01, 2000 ... Duane Knudson, Kati Bennett, Rod Corn, David Leick, and Chris Smith, California State University-Chico Stretching during warm-up for physical activity is common practice despite recent studies showing decreased isometric and dynamic strength performance following stretching ....

Prediction of One-Repetition Maximum (1-RM) Strength in Large Muscle Groups From a 4-6 RM and a 7-l0 RM Submaximal Strength Test in Healthy Young Adult Men.(Brief Article)

Mar 01, 2000 ... Derek Lemire, Ben R. Abadie, and Clay Daughtrey, Mississippi State University Many investigators have produced regression equations to predict 1-RM strength from a 7-10 RM submaximal strength test. The purpose of this investigation was to determine if 1-RM strength could be ...

Relationships Between Cerebral Blood Flow, Functional Status, and Leisure Time Energy Expenditure in Older Adults.(Brief Article)(Statistical Data Included)

Mar 01, 2000 ... Bonita L. Marks, Laurence M. Katz, Patty Daniel, Jamie Albo, and Adam Bruck, University of North Carolina--Chapel Hill (marks@email.unc.edu) Cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cognitive function both decline with aging. Since current brain imaging techniques are expensive as well as ...

The Impact of Resistance Exercise Programs on Self-Efficacy in Adult Women.

Mar 01, 2000 ... Alison Nelson, Ro Di Brezzo, Inza Fort, and Tanya Morgan, University of Arkansas-Fayetteville The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of resistance exercise programs on the mental health variable of self-efficacy in women ages 35 to 65 (mean age 49.32). An evaluation ...

Physical Activity Behaviors Among Adolescents in Selected Regions of China.

Mar 01, 2000 ... Ling Ping and Zhou Lijun, Zhejiang University, and Larry D. Hensley, University of Northern Iowa Physical activity has been linked to improved health status as well as reduced risk for all-cause mortality and a variety of chronic diseases. Because the benefits associated with ...

Caloric Expenditure Differences Between Individuals Exercising on a Motor-Driven Treadmill Versus a Stairclimber.

Mar 01, 2000 ... Jamey R. Plunk, Stephen F Austin State University, and Romana Cantu and Nestor Sherman, Texas A&M University-Kingsville (Jplunk@sfasu.edu) The trends in the fitness industry over the last decade have led to the development of a variety of unique and innovative types of ...

Reliability Estimates for an Anaerobic Fatigue Test Utilizing Female Collegiate Basketball Players.

Mar 01, 2000 ... Jamey R. Plunk, Stephen F Austin State University, and Brent Williams and Nestor Sherman, Texas A&M University-Kingsville In recent years, interest in anaerobic energy production in sports has increased due to the realization that most team and individual sports rely heavily on ...

The Effects of Fitness Testing on Social Physique Anxiety and Physical Self-Perceptions.

Mar 01, 2000 ... Joseph E. Prusak, III, James R. Whitehead, Ronald H. Brinkert, and Robert C. Eklund, University of North Dakota The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of participation in fitness testing on physical self-esteem and social physique anxiety. Sixty-five students ...

Influence of 14 Weeks of Concurrent Impact Versus Nonimpact Endurance and Resistance Training on Body Composition and Circumferences in Resistance-Trained, College-Aged Men.

Mar 01, 2000 ... Donna J. Terbizan, Brett A. Dolezal, and Christian Albano, North Dakota State University, and Pete Seijevold, Dakota Sports Medicine Clinic Most fitness participants today desire the most effective workout routine that produces "leanness;" that is, training that maximizes both ...

Preliminary Validation of the ACTIVITYGRAM Physical Activity Assessment for Children.

Mar 01, 2000 ... Gregory Welk, Kherrin Wood, Carla Sottovia, and Gina Morss, The Cooper Institute for Aerobics Research A computerized physical activity assessment (ACTIVITYGRAM) has recently been released as part of the updated version of the FITNESSORAM 6.0 software (Cooper Institute, 1999) ....

Variability and Stability of Physical Activity Patterns in Children.

Mar 01, 2000 ... Kherrin Wood, Gina Morss, Joel Fernandez, Dixie Gill and Gregory J. Welk, The Cooper Institute for Aerobics Research The importance of physical activity for health and development in children is well recognized. However, little is known about the nature and variability in ...

Revision of the University Academic Core Requirement--Physical Activity to Health and Wellness.

Mar 01, 2000 ... A revised all-university academic core will remove the current Physical Activity requirement and replace it with a Wellness lecture course. The symposium will summarize the rationale for the academic revision and issues related to the controversy regarding the importance of requiring a ...

Comparisons of Worksite Health Screening Participants and Nonparticipants in a University Setting.

Mar 01, 2000 ... Rodney Bowden, Stephen F. Austin State University Health screening volunteers in a university setting are generally different that a sample that has been randomly generated. Volunteer participants are more likely to be faculty or managerial staff positions due to their job ...

Correlates of Parental Characteristics and Smoking Behavior Among Their Children.

Mar 01, 2000 ... Timothy Bungum, University of North Texas, Miguel A. Perez, California State University--Fresno, and Sander Martin and Maggie Budd, University of North Texas The negative health consequences of smoking have been known for years. Yet, smoking rates among some segments of our ...

Skin Cancer Preventive Practices of Childcare Providers.

Mar 01, 2000 ... J. Don Chaney, Jeff W. Schulz, Ryan M. Coleman, and Emmie L. Taylor, Mississippi State University Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer in the United States. It is estimated that one in five Americans will develop skin cancer in their lifetime. Estimates for 1999 ...

An Examination of 7 Years of Biannual University Police Department Fitness Assessment Data.

Mar 01, 2000 ... Daniel P. Connaughton, Heather A. Hausenblas, Erin A. Dannecker, and Timm R. Lovins, University of Florida When law enforcement officers (LEO) are physically fit, their abilities to perform are enhanced, they are less likely to experience injury, disability, and/or early death ...

Restricting Opportunities to be Active During a School Day: Do Children Compensate by Increasing Physical Activity Levels After School?

Mar 01, 2000 ... Darren Dale, Purdue University, and Charles B. Corbin, Arizona State University Recent physical activity guidelines indicate children receive numerous health benefits from being physically active for at least 60 min each day. Yet opportunities for children to participate in ...

Characteristics of Students Who Carried Guns to Indiana Schools in the 1998-99 School Year.

Mar 01, 2000 ... Kele Ding and William J. Bailey, Indiana Prevention Resource Center fingdzen Yang, Indiana University, and Mindy Hightower King, Indiana Prevention Resource Center Every day in America 14 young people are killed by gun violence. Recent school shooting rampages, especially the ...

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors Related to Use of the "Baby Think It Over Doll" in Adolescents and Teachers.(Brief Article)

Mar 01, 2000 ... Mariane M. Fahlman, Cheryl L. Somers, and Mary Baker Wayne State University Teenagers from the United States lead the world in pregnancy, abortion and birth rates. Explanations for the high United States pregnancy rates range from inadequate sex education to sexual promiscuity ....

Body Image and Fruit and Vegetable Intake Among Youth: Results From a National Survey.(Brief Article)

Mar 01, 2000 ... M. Allison Ford, Lori W. Turne, Sharon Hunt, and Sean Mulvenon, University of Arkansas-Fayetteville The U.S. government has outlined several health initiatives to reduce the incidences of cardiovascular disease and other lifestyle diseases. One national objective recommends that ...

Health Risk Behaviors for College Freshman and Strategies for Reducing Them.(Brief Article)

Mar 01, 2000 ... Shelley Hamill and Maeberta Bobb, Winthrop University College students, as well as high school students, participate in numerous activities that present risks to their health and well being. Incidence of alcohol and other drug use, tobacco use, unprotected sex, unsafe dietary ...

Sexual and Physical Violence: Do Women's Perceptions Fit the Facts?(Brief Article)

Mar 01, 2000 ... Patricia Hughes, Berry College The purpose of the study was to determine university women's perceptions of fear, likelihood, and confidence about sexual and physical victimization by strangers and known persons. At stake in the current study was the premise upon which most ...

Fat-Fun-Fit Project: Effects of a School-Based Weight Loss Intervention Program in Hong Kong Children.(Brief Article)

Mar 01, 2000 ... Sai C. Hui, Wing C. Lau, and Pak Y. Yuen, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Several weight loss intervention programs have been launched in Hong Kong previously but the effects were minimal due to the failure of combining medical care, diet monitoring, and exercise training. ...

Effects of a Comprehensive School Health Education Mandate on Secondary School Health Education.(Brief Article)

Mar 01, 2000 ... Barry P. Hunt and Jeffrey W. Schulz, Mississippi State University A number of states have enacted Comprehensive School Health Education (CSHE) mandates in recent years. The purpose of this study was to measure the effect of a CSHE mandate on the nature and extent of secondary ...