Science Letter back issues from January 2009:
New applied microbiology data have been reported by M. Jiang and co-authors.
Jan 06, 2009 ... According to recent research from Guangzhou, People's Republic of China, "To evaluate the effect of Acacia auriculaeformis-associated fungi on the growth of mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Coss. var. foliosa Bailey] in Cd- and Ni-contaminated soils and design novel plant-fungi associations ...
Reports outline applied microbiology research from G.G. Matafonova and colleagues.
Jan 06, 2009 ... According to a study from Russia, "To examine the killing efficiency of UV KrCl excilamp against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Vegetative cells of Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes at initial ...
Reports outline applied microbiology study findings from Premier University.
Jan 06, 2009 ... "A total of 274 bacterial strains were isolated from the root nodules of Prosopis juliflora, growing in two and soils of the eastern area of Morocco. A physiological plate screening allowed the selection of 15 strains that could tolerate NaCl concentrations between 175 and 500mM," ...
Reports summarize applied microbiology study results from Yunnan University.
Jan 06, 2009 ... According to a study from Kunming, People's Republic of China, "A Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile, non-acid-alcohol-fast strain, designated YlM 61095(T), was isolated from the root of Maytenus austroyunnanensis collected from a tropical rainforest of Xishuangbanna in Yunnan Province, ...
Research from M.C. Quecine and co-researchers yields new findings on applied microbiology.
Jan 06, 2009 ... "Biological sources for the control of plant pathogenic fungi remain an important objective for sustainable agricultural practices. Actinomycetes are used extensively in the pharmaceutical industry and agriculture owing to their great diversity in enzyme production," scientists writing in ...
Research reports from M. Urdiain and co-authors provide new insights into applied microbiology.
Jan 06, 2009 ... According to recent research from Spain, "The isolation of photoheterotrophic organism C3 from a saline microbial mat led to its taxonomic characterization. Strain C3 could be identified as a member of the species Rhodobium marinum due to the genetic and phenotypic similarities to the type ...
Researchers at University of Bristol release new data on applied microbiology.(Report)
Jan 06, 2009 ... "The purpose of this study was to identify an effective disinfectant for the inactivation of the bacteriophages (phages) being used in our laboratory, as published studies on phage inactivation are far from unanimous in their conclusions. The phages studied were three closely related ...
Scientists at University of Bordeaux publish new data on applied microbiology.
Jan 06, 2009 ... "To develop rapid methods allowing enumeration of lactic acid bacteria producing biogenic amines in wines and to analyse wine samples by the methods. Methods based on quantitative PCR targeting bacterial genes involved in histamine, tyramine and putrescine production were developed and ...
Studies from A. Cochu and co-researchers in the area of applied microbiology published.
Jan 06, 2009 ... "To demonstrate the feasibility of growing lactobacilli and producing lactic acid using maple sap as a sugar source and to show the importance of oligosaccharides in the processes. Two maple sap samples (Cetta and Pinnacle) and purified sucrose were used as carbon sources in the ...
Studies from C.C. Chien and colleagues provide new data on applied microbiology.
Jan 06, 2009 ... "To develop an Aeromonas strain able to utilize inexpensive carbon sources such as starch for the synthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA). A recombinant Aeromonas sp. (strain KC007-1) was constructed by introducing the PHB synthesis genes (phaCAB) into the bacterium," scientists writing ...
Studies from J.M. Young and co-researchers update current data on applied microbiology.
Jan 06, 2009 ... "A multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) of strains representing all validly published Xanthomonas spp. (119 strains) was conducted using four genes; dnaK, fyuA, gyrB and rpoD, a total of 440 sequences. Xanthomonas spp. were divided into two groups similar to those indicated in earlier 16S ...
Study data from F.B. Rebah et al provide new insights into applied microbiology.(Report)
Jan 06, 2009 ... According to recent research from Switzerland, "The objective of this study was to demonstrate that fish-processing by-products could be used as sole raw material to sustain the growth of Staphylococcus xylosus for lipase production. Bacterial growth was tested on supernatants generated by ...
Research in the area of assessment research reported from M.A. Ruiz and colleagues.(Report)
Jan 06, 2009 ... According to recent research from the United States, "The authors examined the psychometric properties, factor structure, and construct validity of the Dissociative Experiences Scale ( DES) in a large offender sample (N = 1,515). Although the DES is widely used with community and clinical ...
Investigators at Kansas State University have published new data on biology.
Jan 06, 2009 ... "Wingless (wg)/Wnt family are essential to development in virtually all metazoans. In short-germ insects, including the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum), the segment-polarity function of wg is conserved [1]," researchers in the United States report (see also Biology). ...
New findings from T.T.J. Chong and co-researchers in the area of biology described.
Jan 06, 2009 ... According to a study from Fitzroy, Australia, "Mirror neurons, as originally described in the macaque, have two defining properties [1, 2]: They respond specifically to a particular action (e.g., bringing an object to the mouth), and they produce their action-specific responses independent ...
Study results from M.A. Aizen and colleagues update understanding of biology.
Jan 06, 2009 ... "There is evidence that pollinators are declining as a result of local and global environmental degradation [1-4]. Because a sizable proportion of the human diet depends directly or indirectly on animal pollination [5], the issue of how decreases in pollinator stocks could affect global ...
Study results from National Institutes of Health provide new insights into biology.
Jan 06, 2009 ... According to recent research from the United States, "Ins(3,4,5,6)P-4 inhibits plasma membrane Cl- flux in secretory epithelia [1]. However, in most other mammalian cells, receptor-dependent elevation of Ins(3,4,5,6)P-4 levels is an ''orphan'' response that lacks biological significance ...
New biophysics research reported from University of Nevada.
Jan 06, 2009 ... "Energetics of conformational changes experienced by an ATP-bound myosin head detached from actin was studied by all-atom explicit water umbrella sampling simulations. The statistics of coupling between large scale domain movements and smaller scale structural features were examined, ...
New biophysics study findings have been reported by C. Chimerel and colleagues.
Jan 06, 2009 ... "Temperature dependent ion conductance in nanopores is measured in a wide range of electrolyte concentrations and compared with molecular modeling. Single outer membrane protein F (OmpF) channels from E. coli are reconstituted into planar lipid bilayers," investigators in Bremen, Germany ...
Research on biophysics discussed by M. Beutler and co-researchers.
Jan 06, 2009 ... "We demonstrate theoretically and experimentally the quantification of Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) by direct and systematic saturation of the excited state of acceptor molecules. This version of acceptor depletion methods for FRET estimation, denoted as ''satFRET'' is ...
New cell biology data have been reported by scientists at RIKEN.
Jan 06, 2009 ... "Neuronal activity has an impact on beta cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) by BACE1 to generate amyloid-beta peptide (A beta). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this effect remain to be elucidated," scientists in Wako, Japan report (see also Cell Biology). ...
New cell biology study findings reported from University of Wurzburg.
Jan 06, 2009 ... "Spliceosomal small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) are essential components of the nuclear pre-mRNA processing machinery. A hallmark of these particles is a ring-shaped core domain generated by the binding of Sm proteins onto snRNA," scientists in Wurzburg, Germany report (see also ...
New research on cell biology from University of Bologna summarized.
Jan 06, 2009 ... "Activity-dependent secretion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is thought to enhance synaptic plasticity, but the mechanisms controlling extracellular availability and clearance of secreted BDNF are poorly understood. We show that BDNF is secreted in its precursor form ...
Reports summarize cell biology research from University of North Carolina.
Jan 06, 2009 ... "The highly polarized architecture of neurons is important for their function. Experimental data based on dominant-negative approaches suggest that the tumor suppressor adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), a regulator of Wnt signaling and the cytoskeleton, regulates polarity of ...
Research on cell biology discussed by scientists at Duke University.
Jan 06, 2009 ... "Learning-related plasticity at excitatory synapses in the mammalian brain requires the trafficking of AMPA receptors and the growth of dendritic spines. However, the mechanisms that couple plasticity stimuli to the trafficking of postsynaptic cargo are poorly understood," researchers in ...
Research results from N.T. Ahmed and co-authors update knowledge of cell biology.
Jan 06, 2009 ... "Formation of flagellar outer dynein arms in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii requires the ODA16 protein at a previously uncharacterized assembly step. Here, we show that dynein extracted from wild-type axonemes can rebind to oda16 axonemes in vitro, and dynein in oda16 cytoplasmic extracts can ...
Research results from University of Cambridge update understanding of cell biology.
Jan 06, 2009 ... According to a study from Cambridge, the United Kingdom, "Interactions between cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and Ca2+ are widespread, and for both intracellular messengers, their spatial organization is important. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) stimulates formation of cAMP and ...
Scientists at Kobe University, Medical Department publish new data on cell biology.(Report)
Jan 06, 2009 ... According to recent research from Kobe, Japan, "Neurotransmitter release from presynaptic nerve terminals is regulated by soluble NSF attachment protein receptor (SNARE) complex-mediated synaptic vesicle fusion. Tomosyn inhibits SNARE complex formation and neurotransmitter release by ...
Scientists at Medical University of Vienna publish new data on cell biology.
Jan 06, 2009 ... "tRNAs are synthesized as immature precursors, and on their way to functional maturity, extra nucleotides at their 50 ends are removed by an endonuclease called RNase P. All RNase P enzymes characterized so far are composed of an RNA plus one or more proteins, and tRNA 50 end maturation is ...
Scientists at University of California discuss research in cell biology.
Jan 06, 2009 ... According to a study from the United States, "We uncovered a role for ERK signaling in GABA release, long-term potentiation (LTP), and learning, and show that disruption of this mechanism accounts for the learning deficits in a mouse model for learning disabilities in neurofibromatosis ...
Studies from National Institutes of Health yield new data on cell biology.
Jan 06, 2009 ... "G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) comprise the largest family of transmembrane signaling molecules and regulate a host of physiological and disease processes. To better understand the functions of GPCRs in vivo, we quantified transcript levels of 353 nonodorant GPCRs in 41 adult mouse ...
Studies from R. Mercier and colleagues provide new data on cell biology.
Jan 06, 2009 ... According to recent research published in the journal Cell, "The organization of the Escherichia coli chromosome into insulated macrodomains influences the segregation of sister chromatids and the mobility of chromosomal DNA. Here, we report that organization of the Terminus region (Ter) ...
Studies from V. Sanzmoreno and colleagues provide new data on cell biology.
Jan 06, 2009 ... "Tumor cells exhibit two different modes of individual cell movement. Mesenchymal-type movement is characterized by an elongated cellular morphology and requires extracellular proteolysis," scientists in London, the United Kingdom report (see also Cell Biology). "In amoeboid ...
Study results from National University in the area of Chagas disease published.(Report)
Jan 06, 2009 ... "Among the vectors of Chagas disease, Triatoma patagonica is a species in the process of adaptation to the human environment. However, its vector competence is not well known," investigators in Cordoba, Argentina report (see also Chagas Disease). "This study had the aim of ...
Findings from J. Rubes et al in chromosome research reported.
Jan 06, 2009 ... "Chromosomal homologies have been established between cattle (Bos taurus, 2n=60) and eight species of spiral-horned antelope, Tribe Tragelaphini: Nyala (Tragelaphus angasii, 2n=55 male/56 female), Lesser kudu (T. imberbis, 2n=38 male, female), Bongo (T. eurycerus, 2n=33 male/34 female), ...
Findings from T. Cermak and co-authors provide new insights into chromosome research.
Jan 06, 2009 ... According to recent research published in the journal Chromosome Research, "We carried out a global survey of all major types of transposable elements in Silene latifolia, a model species with sex chromosomes that are in the early stages of their evolution. A shotgun genomic library was ...
Research from University of Jaen has provided new data on chromosome research.
Jan 06, 2009 ... "The chromosomal distribution of mobile genetic elements is scarcely known in Arvicolinae species, but could be of relevance to understand the origin and complex evolution of the sex chromosome heterochromatin. In this work we cloned two retrotransposon sequences, L1 and SINE-B1, from the ...
Studies from D. Kopecky and co-researchers update current data on chromosome research.(Report)
Jan 06, 2009 ... According to recent research from Olomouc, Czech Republic, "Intergeneric hybrids of fescues (Festuca spp.) and ryegrasses (Lolium spp.) are unique for the ability of their chromosomes to pair essentially freely in meiotic metaphase I (MI). At the same time, their chromosomes can be readily ...
Studies from Wageningen University update current data on chromosome research.
Jan 06, 2009 ... "This paper presents a bird's-eye view of the major repeats and chromatin types of tomato. Using fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) with Cot-1, Cot-10 and Cot-100 DNA as probes we mapped repetitive sequences of different complexity on pachytene complements," investigators in ...
Study results from University of Bari update understanding of chromosome research.
Jan 06, 2009 ... "We have compared the synteny block organization of the official macaque genome sequence assembly (Jan. 2006; rheMac2) with an independent assembly that used a molecular cytogenetic approach," investigators in Bari, Italy report (see also Chromosome Research). "The mapping of ...
Scientists at University of Milan target cytometry.(Report)
Jan 06, 2009 ... "Flow cytometric analysis of peripheral blood dendritic cells (PBDCs) and their myeloid (mDCs) and plasmacytoid (pDCs) subsets is a less invasive procedure that is acquiring growing clinical relevance. Because dendritic cells (DCs) lack unique lineage markers, current methods that are ...
Research conducted at A. Puur and co-authors has provided new information about demographics.
Jan 06, 2009 ... "The development of modern family patterns of the past decades has been accompanied by substantial changes in social norms, values and gender relations. There is theoretical support for the assumption that the persistence of low fertility levels across Europe is likely to be linked to the ...
Researchers at China Agricultural University target electron microscopy.
Jan 06, 2009 ... According to a study from Beijing, People's Republic of China, "Some aspects of the cellular responses to cadmium were extensively investigated in the yeast Rhodotorula sp. Y11. Scanning electron microscopy indicated that accumulation of cadmium in the Y11 did not cause any visible effects ...
Research conducted at University of Wisconsin has provided new information about ethnography.
Jan 06, 2009 ... "The ''supercrip'' athlete is often derided as a figure that is antithetical to the interests of people with disabilities. But few researchers have questioned the assumptions of this complaint or examined it empirically," scientists in the United States report (see also Ethnography). ...
Research from York University yields new findings on ethnography.
Jan 06, 2009 ... "In this article, we examine processes of identity and community building in Asante death rituals where participants metaphorically consume the dead. ''Consuming the Dead'' refers to how the living makes meaning of death and its associated rituals toward self identification," investigators ...
Scientists at Loyola Marymount University release new data on ethnography.
Jan 06, 2009 ... "In an attempt to involve drug-related defendants in treatment, California's Proposition 36 constrains judges' discretion to restrict access to treatment and to revoke treatment. Despite its formal rule scheme, judges nevertheless develop and implement strategies to coerce and persuade ...
Studies in the area of ethnography reported from University of Minnesota.
Jan 06, 2009 ... "Since at least the 1960s, scholars have argued that public ceremonies serve important practical functions for groups and social movements: bolstering internal cohesion; expressing messages about power, group identity, etc.; and fortifying intergroup ties. This article analyzes ...
New data from University of Oklahoma illuminate research in ethology.(Report)
Jan 06, 2009 ... "In many animals, body size plays an important role in determining both ecological success and mating success. Thus, the expression of body size within a population is often the result of the interaction between natural selection and sexual selection," researchers in the United States ...
New ethology research from McMaster University described.
Jan 06, 2009 ... According to a study from Hamilton, Canada, "Learning is probably a major contributor to fitness in most animals yet it has not been well integrated into life history research. To quantify the role of learning in shaping lifetime patterns of performance, we must measure learning in natural ...
New ethology study findings recently were published by P. Prokop and co-researchers.(Report)
Jan 06, 2009 ... According to a study from the United States, "Nuptial feeding is widespread in insects, with many species showing one form of feeding. In the wood cricket Nemobius sylvestris, the male may provide multiple forms of feeding during an encounter: two kinds of edible spermatophores ...
Recent findings from University of Bonn highlight research in ethology.(Report)
Jan 06, 2009 ... According to a study from Bonn, Germany, "In this study, we examined which sex controls sperm transfer during copulation in scorpionflies. Therefore male scorpionflies were doubly mated to females of high and low fecundity to explore whether they allocate sperm according to female ...
Research from S. Querouil and co-authors reveals new findings on ethology.
Jan 06, 2009 ... According to recent research from Montpellier, France, "Mixed-species associations are temporary associations between individuals of different species that are often observed in birds, primates and cetaceans. They have been interpreted as a strategy to reduce predation risk, enhance ...
Researchers from University of Groningen report details of new studies and findings in the area of ethology.
Jan 06, 2009 ... "Quantifying signal repertoire size is a critical first step towards understanding the evolution of signal complexity. However, counting signal types can be so complicated and time consuming when repertoire size is large, that this trait is often estimated rather than measured directly," ...
Studies conducted at N.J. Hobbs et al on ethology recently published.(Report)
Jan 06, 2009 ... According to a study from the United States, "Many animals self-groom when they encounter the scent marks of opposite-sex conspecifics. Self-grooming transmits odiferous substances that contain information about the groomer's condition, which is affected by its nutritional state." ...
Studies from University of Nevada reveal new findings on ethology.
Jan 06, 2009 ... "Several studies in behavior have focused in some way on how groups of prey gather and use information about predation risk. Although asymmetries in information about risk exist among members of real groups, we know little about how such uneven information might affect individual or group ...
Report summarizes evaluation research study findings from Tel-Aviv University.
Jan 06, 2009 ... According to recent research from Tel Aviv, Israel, "The article reports on the findings of a comparative case study of six projects that operated in Israel between 1980 and 2000." "The study findings identify characteristics of the programs, the host organizations, and the ...
Reports from University of Illinois advance knowledge in evaluation research.
Jan 06, 2009 ... According to recent research published in the American Journal of Evaluation, "The authors present an approach for educating future evaluators by connecting evaluation theory and practice, organizational development, and grant making through experiential learning. They position this ...
Reports outline evaluation research study results from University of South Carolina.
Jan 06, 2009 ... "The Student Evaluation Standards call for student evaluations to be ethical, fair, useful, feasible, and accurate. However, little is known about educators' perceptions about the ethics of student evaluation practices," scientists writing in the American Journal of Evaluation report (see ...
Research on evaluation research described by J. Cartland and colleagues.(Report)
Jan 06, 2009 ... "In the past three decades, program evaluation has sought to more fully engage stakeholders in the evaluative process. But little information has been gathered from stakeholders about how they share in evaluation tasks and whether role sharing leads to confusion or tensions between the ...
Studies conducted at C.E. Hanssen et al on evaluation research recently published.
Jan 06, 2009 ... "Meta-evaluations reported in the literature, although rare, often have focused on retrospective assessment of completed evaluations. Conducting a meta-evaluation concurrently with the evaluation modifies this approach," scientists writing in the American Journal of Evaluation report (see ...
Studies from Claremont Graduate University yield new data on evaluation research.
Jan 06, 2009 ... According to recent research from the United States, "Evaluation capacity building (ECB) has become a hot topic of conversation, activity, and study within the evaluation field. Seeking to enhance stakeholders' understanding of evaluation concepts and practices, and in an effort to create ...
Studies from University of Montreal reveal new findings on evaluation research.
Jan 06, 2009 ... "This article is concerned with the underpinnings of practical participatory evaluation (PPE). Evaluation approaches have long been criticized because their results are often not used," researchers in Montreal, Canada report (see also Evaluation Research). "It is believed that ...
New experimental biology study results reported from J. Aydin et al.
Jan 06, 2009 ... "When acutely exposed to a cold environment, mammals shiver to generate heat. During prolonged cold exposure, shivering is replaced by adaptive adrenergic nonshivering thermogenesis with increased heat production in brown adipose tissue due to activation of uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1)," ...
New findings in experimental biology described from University of Calabria.
Jan 06, 2009 ... According to a study from Italy, "Chromogranin A (CGA), produced by human and rat myocardium, generates several biologically active peptides processed at specific proteolytic cleavage sites. A highly conserved cleavage N-terminal site is the bond 64-65 that reproduces the native rat CGA ...
Research on experimental biology reported by S.R. Khetani et al.
Jan 06, 2009 ... According to a study from the United States, "Primary hepatocytes from several different species rapidly lose viability and phenotypic functions on isolation from their native microenvironment of the liver. Stromal cells derived from both within and outside the liver can induce phenotypic ...