Recently added articles from Stapp Car Crash Journal:
Thirty-Five Years of Progress in Automotive Safety - My Perspectives
Nov 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT - This lecture describes the safety advancements in the automobile over the last thirty-five years and their impact on society. Today we are the safest in history in the developed economies in spite of the reduction in size, weight, and change in the mix of the vehicle fleet in response ...
Investigation of Traumatic Brain Injuries Using the Next Generation of Simulated Injury Monitor (SIMon) Finite Element Head Model
Nov 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT - The objective of this study was to investigate potential for traumatic brain injuries (TBI) using a newly developed, geometrically detailed, finite element head model (FEHM) within the concept of a simulated injury monitor (SIMon). The new FEHM is comprised of several parts: ...
Age and Gender Based Biomechanical Shape and Size Analysis of the Pediatric Brain
Nov 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT - Injuries caused by motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) are the leading cause of head injury and death for children in the United States. This study aims to describe the shape and size (morphologic) changes of the cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem, and ventricles of the pediatric ...
The Role of Graded Nerve Root Compression on Axonal Damage, Neuropeptide Changes, and Pain-Related Behaviors
Nov 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT - Rapid neck motions can load cervical nerve roots and produce persistent pain. This study investigated the cellular basis of radicular pain and mechanical implications of tissue loading rate. A range of peak loads was applied in an in vivo rat model of dorsal root compression, ...
Methods for Determining Pediatric Thoracic Force-Deflection Characteristics from Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Nov 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT - Accurate pediatric thoracic force and deflection data are critical to develop biofidelic pediatric anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs) used in designing motor vehicle safety systems for child occupants. Typically, post-mortem human subject (PMHS) experiments are conducted to ...
Tensile Mechanical Properties of the Perinatal and Pediatric PMHS Osteoligamentous Cervical Spine
Nov 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT - Pediatric cervical spine biomechanics have been under-researched due to the limited availability of pediatric post-mortem human subjects (PMHS). Scaled data based on human adult and juvenile animal studies have been utilized to augment the limited pediatric PMHS data that ...
Biomechanical Response of the Pediatric Abdomen, Part 2: Injuries and Their Correlation with Engineering Parameters
Nov 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT - This paper describes the injuries generated during dynamic belt loading to a porcine model of the 6-year-old human abdomen, and correlates injury outcomes with measurable parameters. The test fixture produced transverse, dynamic belt loading on the abdomen of 47 immediately ...
Dynamic Biaxial Tissue Properties of Pregnant Porcine Uterine Tissue
Nov 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT - Automobile crashes are the largest single cause of death for pregnant females and the leading cause of traumatic fetal injury mortality in the United States. Current research for pregnant occupant safety utilizing computational models is limited by available pregnant tissue ...
Interactions of Out-of-Position Small-Female Surrogates with a Depowered Driver Airbag
Nov 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT - The objectives of this study were to examine the response, repeatability, and injury predictive ability of the Hybrid III small-female dummy to static out-of-position (OOP) deployments using a depowered driver-side airbag. Five dummy tests were conducted in two OOP ...
Rib Cage Strain Pattern as a Function of Chest Loading Configuration
Nov 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT - Rib fractures are the most frequent types of AIS3+ chest injuries and constitute a good indication of severity. However, the behavior of the rib cage is not well documented, and though chest external measurements are often provided in the literature, the strains of the ribs ...
Mechanisms of Traumatic Rupture of the Aorta and Associated Peri-isthmic Motion and Deformation
Nov 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT - This study investigated the mechanisms of traumatic rupture of the aorta (TRA). Eight unembalmed human cadavers were tested using various dynamic blunt loading modes. Impacts were conducted using a 32-kg impactor with a 152-mm face, and high-speed seatbelt pretensioners ....
3D Deformation and Dynamics of the Human Cadaver Abdomen under Seatbelt Loading
Nov 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT - According to accident analysis, submarining is responsible for most of the frontal car crash AIS 3+ abdominal injuries sustained by restrained occupants. Submarining is characterized by an initial position of the lap belt on the iliac spine. During the crash, the pelvis slips ...
Rear Seat Occupant Safety: Kinematics and Injury of PMHS Restrained by a Standard 3-Point Belt in Frontal Crashes
Nov 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT - Very little experimental research has focused on the kinematics, dynamics, and injuries of rear-seated occupants. This study seeks to develop a baseline response for rear-seated post mortem human surrogates (PMHS) in frontal crashes. Three PMHS sled tests were performed in a ...
Occupant-to-Occupant Interaction and Impact Injury Risk in Side Impact Crashes
Nov 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT - To date, efforts to improve occupant protection in side impact crashes have concentrated on reducing the injuries to occupants seated on the struck side of the vehicle arising from contact with the intruding side structure and/or external objects. Crash investigations ...
Occupant Kinematics and Estimated Effectiveness of Side Airbags in Pole Side Impacts Using a Human FE Model with Internal Organs
Nov 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT - When a car collides against a pole-like obstacle, the deformation pattern of the vehicle body-side tends to extend to its upper region. A possible consequence is an increase of loading to the occupant thorax. Many studies have been conducted to understand human thoracic ...
Characteristics of Pole Impacts to Side of Passenger Cars in European Traffic Accidents and Assessment of Injury Mechanisms - Analysis of German and UK In-Depth Data
Nov 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT - The national accident statistics demonstrate that the situation of passenger car side impacts is dominated by car-to-car accidents. Car side-to-pole impacts are relatively infrequent events but result in disproportionate rates of serious and fatal injuries when compared to ...
The Influence of Arm Position on Thoracic Response in Side Impacts
Nov 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT - The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of arm position on thoracic response and injury severity in side impacts. A total of sixteen non-destructive side impact tests and four destructive side impact tests were preformed using four human male cadavers ....
Development of a Finite Element Model to Study the Effects of Muscle Forces on Knee-Thigh-Hip Injuries in Frontal Crashes
Nov 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT - A finite element (FE) model with knee-thigh-hip (KTH) and lower-extremity muscles has been developed to study the potential effects of muscle tension on KTH injuries due to knee bolster loadings in frontal crashes. This model was created by remeshing the MADYMO human ...
Characterization of Knee-Thigh-Hip Response in Frontal Impacts Using Biomechanical Testing and Computational Simulations
Nov 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT - Development and validation of crash test dummies and computational models that are capable of predicting the risk of injury to all parts of the knee-thigh-hip (KTH) complex in frontal impact requires knowledge of the force transmitted from the knee to the hip under knee impact ...
Impact Response and Biomechanical Analysis of the Knee-Thigh-Hip Complex in Frontal Impacts with a Full Human Body Finite Element Model
Nov 01, 2008; ... ABSTRACT - Changes in vehicle safety design technology and the increasing use of seat-belts and airbag restraint systems have gradually changed the relative proportion of lower extremity injuries. These changes in real world injuries have renewed interest and the need of further ...